SEES-hacks: web/html/ch03-session4.html~@8083d21c0020 (annotated)

0 8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1	<html>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	2	<head>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	3	<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	4	<title>Chapter 1. </title>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	5	<link rel="stylesheet" href="/review/support/styles.css" type="text/css">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	6	<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.74.3">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	7	<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="/review/support/figs/favicon.png">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	8	<script type="text/javascript" src="/review/support/jquery-min.js"></script>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	9	<script type="text/javascript" src="/review/support/form.js"></script>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	10	<script type="text/javascript" src="/review/support/hsbook.js"></script>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	11	</head>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	12	<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	13	<div class="chapter" id="ch03-session4">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	14	<div class="titlepage"></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	15	<div class="toc">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	16	<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	17	<dl>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	18	<dt><span class="article"><a href="#id2404065">More text processing</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	19	<dd><dl>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	20	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#uniq">1.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	21	<code class="literal">uniq</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	22	</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	23	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#join">2. <code class="literal">join</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	24	</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	25	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-a-word-frequency-list">3. Generating a word frequency list</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	26	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#basic-editing-and-editors">4. Basic editing and editors</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	27	<dd><dl>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	28	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#vim">4.1. vim</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	29	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#scite">4.2. SciTE</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	30	</dl></dd>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	31	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#personalizing-your-environment">5. Personalizing your Environment</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	32	<dd><dl>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	33	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bashrc">5.1. .bashrc</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	34	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#vimrc">5.2. .vimrc</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	35	</dl></dd>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	36	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#subshells-and-source">6. Subshells and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	37	<code class="literal">source</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	38	</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	39	</dl></dd>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	40	</dl>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	41	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	42	<div class="article" title="More text processing">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	43	<div class="titlepage">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	44	<div><div><h2 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	45	<a name="id2404065"></a>More text processing</h2></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	46	<hr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	47	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	48	<div class="toc">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	49	<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	50	<dl>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	51	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#uniq">1.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	52	<code class="literal">uniq</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	53	</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	54	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#join">2. <code class="literal">join</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	55	</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	56	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-a-word-frequency-list">3. Generating a word frequency list</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	57	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#basic-editing-and-editors">4. Basic editing and editors</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	58	<dd><dl>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	59	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#vim">4.1. vim</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	60	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#scite">4.2. SciTE</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	61	</dl></dd>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	62	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#personalizing-your-environment">5. Personalizing your Environment</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	63	<dd><dl>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	64	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#bashrc">5.1. .bashrc</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	65	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#vimrc">5.2. .vimrc</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	66	</dl></dd>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	67	<dt><span class="section"><a href="#subshells-and-source">6. Subshells and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	68	<code class="literal">source</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	69	</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	70	</dl>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	71	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	72	<code class="literal">sort</code><p id="x_e"></a>Let's say we have a file which lists a few of the stalwarts of the open source community and a few details about them, like their "other" name, their homepage address, and what they are well known for or their claim to fame.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	73	<pre class="programlisting">Richard Stallman%rms%GNU Project
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	74	Eric Raymond%ESR%Jargon File
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	75	Ian Murdock% %Debian
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	76	Lawrence Lessig% %Creative Commons
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	77	Linus Torvalds% %Linux Kernel
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	78	Guido van Rossum%BDFL%Python
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	79	Larry Wall% %Perl
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	80
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	81
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	82	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	83	<p id="x_f"></a>The sort command enables us to do this in a flash! Just running the sort command with the file name as a parameter sorts the lines of the file alphabetically and prints the output on the terminal. :</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	84	<pre class="programlisting">$ sort stalwarts.txt
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	85	Eric Raymond%ESR%Jargon File
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	86	Guido van Rossum%BDFL%Python
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	87	Ian Murdock% %Debian
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	88	Larry Wall% %Perl
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	89	Lawrence Lessig% %Creative Commons
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	90	Linus Torvalds% %Linux Kernel
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	91	Richard Stallman%rms%GNU Project
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	92
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	93	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	94	<p id="x_10"></a>If you wish to sort them reverse alphabetically, you just need to pass the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	95	<code class="literal">-r</code> option. Now, you might want to sort the lines, based on each person's claim to fame or their "other" name. What do we do in that case?
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	96	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	97	<p id="x_11"></a>Below is an example that sorts the file based on "other" names. :</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	98	<pre class="programlisting">$ sort -t % -k 2,2 stalwarts.txt
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	99
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	100	Ian Murdock% %Debian
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	101	Larry Wall% %Perl
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	102	Lawrence Lessig% %Creative Commons
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	103	Linus Torvalds% %Linux Kernel
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	104	Guido van Rossum%BDFL%Python
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	105	Eric Raymond%ESR%Jargon File
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	106	Richard Stallman%rms%GNU Project
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	107
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	108	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	109	<p id="x_12"></a>Sort command assumes white space to be the default delimiter for columns in each line. The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	110	<code class="literal">-t</code> option specifies the delimiting character, which is
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	111	<code class="literal">%</code> in this case.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	112	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	113	<p id="x_13"></a>The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	114	<code class="literal">-k</code> option starts a key at position 2 and ends it at 2, essentially telling the sort command that it should sort based on the 2nd column, which is the other name.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	115	<code class="literal">sort</code> also supports conflict resolution using multiple columns for sorting. You can see that the first three lines have nothing in the "other" names column. We could resolve the conflict by sorting based on the project names (the 3rd column).
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	116	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	117	<pre class="programlisting">$ sort -t % -k 2,2 -k 3,3 stalwarts.txt
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	118
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	119	Lawrence Lessig% %Creative Commons
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	120	Ian Murdock% %Debian
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	121	Linus Torvalds% %Linux Kernel
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	122	Larry Wall% %Perl
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	123	Guido van Rossum%BDFL%Python
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	124	Eric Raymond%ESR%Jargon File
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	125	Richard Stallman%rms%GNU Project
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	126
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	127	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	128	<p id="x_14"></a> <code class="literal">sort</code> also has a lot of other options like ignoring case differences, month sort(JAN<FEB<...), merging already sorted files.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	129	<code class="literal">man sort</code> would give you a lot of information.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	130	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	131	<div class="section" title="1. uniq">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	132	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	133	<a name="uniq"></a>1.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	134	<code class="literal">uniq</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	135	</h2></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	136	<p id="x_15"></a>Suppose we have a list of items, say books, and we wish to obtain a list which names of all the books only once, without any duplicates. We use the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	137	<code class="literal">uniq</code> command to achieve this.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	138	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	139	<pre class="programlisting">Programming Pearls
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	140	The C Programming Language
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	141	The Mythical Man Month: Essays on Software Engineering
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	142	Programming Pearls
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	143	The C Programming Language
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	144	Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	145	Programming Pearls
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	146	Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	147	The C Programming Language
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	148	The Art of UNIX Programming
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	149	Programming Pearls
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	150	The Art of Computer Programming
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	151	Introduction to Algorithms
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	152	The Art of UNIX Programming
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	153	The Pragmatic Programmer: From Journeyman to Master
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	154	Programming Pearls
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	155	Unix Power Tools
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	156	The Art of UNIX Programming
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	157
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	158	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	159	<p id="x_16"></a>Let us try and get rid of the duplicate lines from this file using the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	160	<code class="literal">uniq</code> command.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	161	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	162	<pre class="programlisting">$ uniq items.txt
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	163	Programming Pearls
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	164	The C Programming Language
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	165	The Mythical Man Month: Essays on Software Engineering
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	166	Programming Pearls
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	167	The C Programming Language
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	168	Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	169	Programming Pearls
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	170	Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	171	The C Programming Language
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	172	The Art of UNIX Programming
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	173	Programming Pearls
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	174	The Art of Computer Programming
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	175	Introduction to Algorithms
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	176	The Art of UNIX Programming
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	177	The Pragmatic Programmer: From Journeyman to Master
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	178	Programming Pearls
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	179	Unix Power Tools
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	180	The Art of UNIX Programming
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	181
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	182	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	183	<p id="x_17"></a>Nothing happens! Why? The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	184	<code class="literal">uniq</code> command removes duplicate lines only when they are next to each other. So, we get a sorted file from the original file and work with that file, henceforth.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	185	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	186	<pre class="programlisting">$ sort items.txt > items-sorted.txt
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	187	$ uniq items-sorted.txt
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	188	Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	189	Introduction to Algorithms
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	190	Programming Pearls
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	191	Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	192	The Art of Computer Programming
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	193	The Art of UNIX Programming
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	194	The C Programming Language
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	195	The Mythical Man Month: Essays on Software Engineering
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	196	The Pragmatic Programmer: From Journeyman to Master
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	197	Unix Power Tools
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	198
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	199	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	200	<p id="x_18"></a> <code class="literal">uniq -u</code> command gives the lines which are unique and do not have any duplicates in the file.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	201	<code class="literal">uniq -d</code> outputs only those lines which have duplicates. The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	202	<code class="literal">-c</code> option displays the number of times each line occurs in the file. :
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	203	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	204	<pre class="programlisting">$ uniq -u items-sorted.txt
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	205	Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	206	Introduction to Algorithms
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	207	Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	208	The Art of Computer Programming
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	209	The Mythical Man Month: Essays on Software Engineering
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	210	The Pragmatic Programmer: From Journeyman to Master
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	211	Unix Power Tools
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	212
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	213	$ uniq -dc items-sorted.txt
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	214	5 Programming Pearls
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	215	3 The Art of UNIX Programming
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	216	3 The C Programming Language
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	217
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	218
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	219	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	220	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	221	<div class="section" title="2. join">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	222	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	223	<a name="join"></a>2. <code class="literal">join</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	224	</h2></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	225	<p id="x_19"></a>Now suppose we had the file
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	226	<code class="literal">stalwarts1.txt</code>, which lists the home pages of all the people listed in
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	227	<code class="literal">stalwarts.txt</code>. :
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	228	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	229	<pre class="programlisting">Richard Stallman%http://www.stallman.org
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	230	Eric Raymond%http://www.catb.org/~esr/
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	231	Ian Murdock%http://ianmurdock.com/
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	232	Lawrence Lessig%http://lessig.org
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	233	Linus Torvalds%http://torvalds-family.blogspot.com/
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	234	Guido van Rossum%http://www.python.org/~guido/
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	235	Larry Wall%http://www.wall.org/~larry/
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	236
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	237	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	238	<p id="x_1a"></a>It would be nice to have a single file with the information in both the files. To achieve this we use the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	239	<code class="literal">join</code> command. :
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	240	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	241	<pre class="programlisting">$ join stalwarts.txt stalwarts1.txt -t %
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	242	Richard Stallman%rms%GNU Project%http://www.stallman.org
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	243	Eric Raymond%ESR%Jargon File%http://www.catb.org/~esr/
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	244	Ian Murdock% %Debian%http://ianmurdock.com/
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	245	Lawrence Lessig% %Creative Commons%http://lessig.org
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	246	Linus Torvalds% %Linux Kernel%http://torvalds-family.blogspot.com/
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	247	Guido van Rossum%BDFL%Python%http://www.python.org/~guido/
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	248	Larry Wall% %Perl%http://www.wall.org/~larry/
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	249
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	250	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	251	<p id="x_1b"></a>The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	252	<code class="literal">join</code> command joins the two files, based on the common field present in both the files, which is the name, in this case.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	253	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	254	<p id="x_1c"></a>The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	255	<code class="literal">-t</code> option again specifies the delimiting character. Unless that is specified, join assumes that the fields are separated by spaces.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	256	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	257	<p id="x_1d"></a>Note that, for
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	258	<code class="literal">join</code> to work, the common field should be in the same order in both the files. If this is not so, you could use
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	259	<code class="literal">sort</code>, to sort the files on the common field and then join the files. In the above example, we have the common field to be the first column in both the files. If this is not the case we could use the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	260	<code class="literal">-1</code> and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	261	<code class="literal">-2</code> options to specify the field to be used for joining the files. :
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	262	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	263	<pre class="programlisting">$ join -2 2 stalwarts.txt stalwarts2.txt -t %
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	264	Richard Stallman%rms%GNU Project%http://www.stallman.org
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	265	Eric Raymond%ESR%Jargon File%http://www.catb.org/~esr/
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	266	Ian Murdock% %Debian%http://ianmurdock.com/
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	267	Lawrence Lessig% %Creative Commons%http://lessig.org
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	268	Linus Torvalds% %Linux Kernel%http://torvalds-family.blogspot.com/
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	269	Guido van Rossum%BDFL%Python%http://www.python.org/~guido/
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	270	Larry Wall% %Perl%http://www.wall.org/~larry/
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	271
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	272
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	273	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	274	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	275	<div class="section" title="3. Generating a word frequency list">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	276	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	277	<a name="generating-a-word-frequency-list"></a>3. Generating a word frequency list</h2></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	278	<p id="x_1e"></a>Now, let us use the tools we have learnt to use, to generate a word frequency list of a text file. We shall use the free text of Alice in Wonderland.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	279	<p id="x_1f"></a>The basic steps to achieve this task would be -</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	280	<div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	281	<li class="listitem"><p id="x_20"></a>Eliminate the punctuation and spaces from the document.</p></li>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	282	<li class="listitem"><p id="x_21"></a>Generate a list of words.</p></li>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	283	<li class="listitem"><p id="x_22"></a>Count the words.</p></li>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	284	</ol></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	285	<p id="x_23"></a>We first use
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	286	<code class="literal">grep</code> and some elementary
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	287	<code class="literal">regex</code> to eliminate the non-alpha-characters. :
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	288	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	289	<pre class="programlisting">$ grep "[A-Za-z]*" alice-in-wonderland.txt
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	290
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	291	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	292	<p id="x_24"></a>This outputs all the lines which has any alphabetic characters on it. This isn't of much use, since we haven't done anything with the code. We only require the alphabetic characters, without any of the other junk.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	293	<code class="literal">man grep</code> shows us the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	294	<code class="literal">-o</code> option for outputting only the text which matches the regular expression. :
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	295	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	296	<pre class="programlisting">$ grep "[A-Za-z]*" -o alice-in-wonderland.txt
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	297
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	298	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	299	<p id="x_25"></a>Not very surprisingly, we have all the words, spit out in the form of a list! Now that we have a list of words, it is quite simple to count the occurrences of the words. You would've realized that we can make use of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	300	<code class="literal">sort</code> and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	301	<code class="literal">uniq</code> commands. We pipe the output from the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	302	<code class="literal">grep</code> to the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	303	<code class="literal">sort</code> and then pipe it's output to
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	304	<code class="literal">uniq</code>. :
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	305	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	306	<pre class="programlisting">$ grep "[A-Za-z]*" -o alice-in-wonderland.txt \| sort \| uniq -c
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	307
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	308	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	309	<p id="x_26"></a>Notice that you get the list of all words in the document in the alphabetical order, with it's frequency written next to it. But, you might have observed that Capitalized words and lower case words are being counted as different words. We therefore, replace all the Upper case characters with lower case ones, using the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	310	<code class="literal">tr</code> command. :
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	311	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	312	<pre class="programlisting">$ grep "[A-Za-z]*" -o alice-in-wonderland.txt \| tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' \| sort \| uniq -c
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	313
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	314	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	315	<p id="x_27"></a>Now, it would also be nice to have the list ordered in the decreasing order of the frequency of the appearance of the words. We sort the output of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	316	<code class="literal">uniq</code> command with
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	317	<code class="literal">-n</code> and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	318	<code class="literal">-r</code> options, to get the desired output. :
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	319	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	320	<pre class="programlisting">$ grep "[A-Za-z]*" -o alice-in-wonderland.txt \| tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' \| sort \| uniq -c \| sort -nr
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	321
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	322	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	323	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	324	<div class="section" title="4. Basic editing and editors">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	325	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	326	<a name="basic-editing-and-editors"></a>4. Basic editing and editors</h2></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	327	<div class="section" title="4.1. vim">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	328	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	329	<a name="vim"></a>4.1. vim</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	330	<p id="x_28"></a>Vim is a very powerful editor. It has a lot of commands, and all of them cannot be explained here. We shall try and look at a few, so that you can find your way around in vim.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	331	<p id="x_29"></a>To open a file in vim, we pass the filename as a parameter to the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	332	<code class="literal">vim</code> command. If a file with that filename does not exist, a new file is created. :
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	333	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	334	<pre class="programlisting">$ vim first.txt
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	335
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	336	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	337	<p id="x_2a"></a>To start inserting text into the new file that we have opened, we need to press the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	338	<code class="literal">i</code> key. This will take us into the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	339	<span class="emphasis"><em>insert</em></span> mode from the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	340	<span class="emphasis"><em>command</em></span> mode. Hitting the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	341	<code class="literal">esc</code> key, will bring us back to the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	342	<span class="emphasis"><em>command</em></span> mode. There is also another mode of vim, called the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	343	<span class="emphasis"><em>visual</em></span> mode which will be discussed later in the course.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	344	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	345	<p id="x_2b"></a>In general, it is good to spend as little time as possible in the insert mode and extensively use the command mode to achieve various tasks.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	346	<p id="x_2c"></a>To save the file, use
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	347	<code class="literal">:w</code> in the command mode. From here on, it is understood that we are in the command mode, whenever we are issuing any command to vim.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	348	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	349	<p id="x_2d"></a>To save a file and continue editing, use
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	350	<code class="literal">:w FILENAME</code> The file name is optional. If you do not specify a filename, it is saved in the same file that you opened. If a file name different from the one you opened is specified, the text is saved with the new name, but you continue editing the file that you opened. The next time you save it without specifying a name, it gets saved with the name of the file that you initially opened.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	351	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	352	<p id="x_2e"></a>To save file with a new name and continue editing the new file, use
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	353	<code class="literal">:saveas FILENAME</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	354	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	355	<p id="x_2f"></a>To save and quit, use
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	356	<code class="literal">:wq</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	357	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	358	<p id="x_30"></a>To quit, use
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	359	<code class="literal">:q</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	360	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	361	<p id="x_31"></a>To quit without saving, use
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	362	<code class="literal">:q!</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	363	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	364	<div class="section" title="4.1.1. Moving around">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	365	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	366	<a name="moving-around"></a>4.1.1. Moving around</h4></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	367	<p id="x_32"></a>While you are typing in a file, it is in-convenient to keep moving your fingers from the standard position for typing to the arrow keys. Vim, therefore, provides alternate keys for moving in the document. Note again that, you should be in the command mode, when issuing any commands to vim.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	368	<p id="x_33"></a>The basic cursor movement can be achieved using the keys,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	369	<code class="literal">h</code> (left),
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	370	<code class="literal">l</code> (right),
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	371	<code class="literal">k</code> (up) and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	372	<code class="literal">j</code> (down). :
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	373	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	374	<pre class="programlisting">^
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	375	k
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	376	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	377	<div class="variablelist"><dl>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	378	<dt><span class="term">< h l ></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	379	<dd>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	380	<p></p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	381	<p id="x_34"></a>j v</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	382	</dd>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	383	</dl></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	384	<p id="x_35"></a>Note: Most commands can be prefixed with a number, to repeat the command. For instance,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	385	<code class="literal">10j</code> will move the cursor down 10 lines.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	386	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	387	<div class="section" title="4.1.1.1. Moving within a line">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	388	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	389	<a name="moving-within-a-line"></a>4.1.1.1. Moving within a line</h5></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	390	<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	391	<colgroup>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	392	<col width="41">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	393	<col width="10">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	394	</colgroup>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	395	<thead><tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	396	<th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	397	<p id="x_36"></a>Cursor Movement</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	398	</th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	399	<th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	400	<p id="x_37"></a>Command</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	401	</th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	402	</tr></thead>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	403	<tbody>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	404	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	405	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	406	<p id="x_38"></a>Beginning of line</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	407	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	408	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	409	<p id="x_39"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	410	<code class="literal">0</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	411	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	412	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	413	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	414	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	415	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	416	<p id="x_3a"></a>First non-space character of line</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	417	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	418	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	419	<p id="x_3b"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	420	<code class="literal">^</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	421	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	422	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	423	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	424	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	425	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	426	<p id="x_3c"></a>End of line</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	427	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	428	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	429	<p id="x_3d"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	430	<code class="literal">$</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	431	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	432	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	433	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	434	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	435	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	436	<p id="x_3e"></a>Last non-space character of line</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	437	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	438	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	439	<p id="x_3f"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	440	<code class="literal">g_</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	441	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	442	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	443	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	444	</tbody>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	445	</table></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	446	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	447	<div class="section" title="4.1.1.2. Moving by words and sentences">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	448	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	449	<a name="moving-by-words-and-sentences"></a>4.1.1.2. Moving by words and sentences</h5></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	450	<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	451	<colgroup>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	452	<col width="31">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	453	<col width="10">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	454	</colgroup>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	455	<thead><tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	456	<th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	457	<p id="x_40"></a>Cursor Movement</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	458	</th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	459	<th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	460	<p id="x_41"></a>Command</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	461	</th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	462	</tr></thead>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	463	<tbody>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	464	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	465	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	466	<p id="x_42"></a>Forward, word beginning</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	467	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	468	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	469	<p id="x_43"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	470	<code class="literal">w</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	471	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	472	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	473	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	474	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	475	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	476	<p id="x_44"></a>Backward, word beginning</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	477	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	478	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	479	<p id="x_45"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	480	<code class="literal">b</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	481	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	482	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	483	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	484	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	485	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	486	<p id="x_46"></a>Forward, word end</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	487	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	488	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	489	<p id="x_47"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	490	<code class="literal">e</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	491	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	492	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	493	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	494	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	495	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	496	<p id="x_48"></a>Backward, word end</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	497	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	498	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	499	<p id="x_49"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	500	<code class="literal">ge</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	501	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	502	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	503	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	504	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	505	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	506	<p id="x_4a"></a>Forward, sentence beginning</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	507	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	508	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	509	<p id="x_4b"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	510	<code class="literal">)</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	511	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	512	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	513	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	514	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	515	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	516	<p id="x_4c"></a>Backward, sentence beginning</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	517	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	518	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	519	<p id="x_4d"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	520	<code class="literal">(</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	521	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	522	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	523	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	524	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	525	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	526	<p id="x_4e"></a>Forward, paragraph beginning</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	527	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	528	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	529	<p id="x_4f"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	530	<code class="literal">}</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	531	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	532	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	533	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	534	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	535	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	536	<p id="x_50"></a>Backward, paragraph beginning</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	537	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	538	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	539	<p id="x_51"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	540	<code class="literal">{</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	541	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	542	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	543	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	544	</tbody>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	545	</table></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	546	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	547	<div class="section" title="4.1.1.3. More movement commands">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	548	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	549	<a name="more-movement-commands"></a>4.1.1.3. More movement commands</h5></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	550	<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	551	<colgroup>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	552	<col width="34">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	553	<col width="13">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	554	</colgroup>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	555	<thead><tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	556	<th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	557	<p id="x_52"></a>Cursor Movement</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	558	</th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	559	<th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	560	<p id="x_53"></a>Command</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	561	</th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	562	</tr></thead>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	563	<tbody>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	564	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	565	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	566	<p id="x_54"></a>Forward by a screenful of text</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	567	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	568	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	569	<p id="x_55"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	570	<code class="literal">C-f</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	571	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	572	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	573	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	574	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	575	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	576	<p id="x_56"></a>Backward by a screenful of text</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	577	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	578	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	579	<p id="x_57"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	580	<code class="literal">C-b</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	581	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	582	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	583	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	584	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	585	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	586	<p id="x_58"></a>Beginning of the screen</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	587	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	588	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	589	<p id="x_59"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	590	<code class="literal">H</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	591	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	592	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	593	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	594	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	595	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	596	<p id="x_5a"></a>Middle of the screen</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	597	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	598	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	599	<p id="x_5b"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	600	<code class="literal">M</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	601	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	602	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	603	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	604	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	605	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	606	<p id="x_5c"></a>End of the screen</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	607	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	608	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	609	<p id="x_5d"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	610	<code class="literal">L</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	611	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	612	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	613	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	614	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	615	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	616	<p id="x_5e"></a>End of file</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	617	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	618	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	619	<p id="x_5f"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	620	<code class="literal">G</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	621	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	622	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	623	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	624	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	625	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	626	<p id="x_60"></a>Line number
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	627	<code class="literal">num</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	628	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	629	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	630	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	631	<p id="x_61"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	632	<code class="literal">[num]G</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	633	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	634	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	635	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	636	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	637	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	638	<p id="x_62"></a>Beginning of file</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	639	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	640	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	641	<p id="x_63"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	642	<code class="literal">gg</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	643	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	644	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	645	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	646	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	647	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	648	<p id="x_64"></a>Next occurrence of the text under the cursor</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	649	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	650	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	651	<div class="variablelist"><dl>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	652	<dt><span class="term">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	653	<code class="literal">*</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	654	</span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	655	<dd><p></p></dd>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	656	</dl></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	657	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	658	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	659	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	660	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	661	<p id="x_65"></a>Previous occurrence of the text under the cursor</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	662	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	663	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	664	<div class="variablelist"><dl>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	665	<dt><span class="term">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	666	<code class="literal">#</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	667	</span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	668	<dd><p></p></dd>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	669	</dl></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	670	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	671	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	672	</tbody>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	673	</table></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	674	<p id="x_66"></a>Note:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	675	<code class="literal">C-x</code> is
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	676	<code class="literal">Ctrl</code> +
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	677	<code class="literal">x</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	678	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	679	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	680	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	681	<div class="section" title="4.1.2. The visual mode">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	682	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	683	<a name="the-visual-mode"></a>4.1.2. The visual mode</h4></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	684	<p id="x_67"></a>The visual mode is a special mode that is not present in the original vi editor. It allows us to highlight text and perform actions on it. All the movement commands that have been discussed till now work in the visual mode also. The editing commands that will be discussed in the future work on the visual blocks selected, too.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	685	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	686	<div class="section" title="4.1.3. Editing commands">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	687	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	688	<a name="editing-commands"></a>4.1.3. Editing commands</h4></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	689	<p id="x_68"></a>The editing commands usually take the movements as arguments. A movement is equivalent to a selection in the visual mode. The cursor is assumed to have moved over the text in between the initial and the final points of the movement. The motion or the visual block that's been highlighted can be passed as arguments to the editing commands.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	690	<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	691	<colgroup>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	692	<col width="26">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	693	<col width="10">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	694	</colgroup>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	695	<thead><tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	696	<th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	697	<p id="x_69"></a>Editing effect</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	698	</th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	699	<th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	700	<p id="x_6a"></a>Command</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	701	</th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	702	</tr></thead>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	703	<tbody>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	704	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	705	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	706	<p id="x_6b"></a>Cutting text</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	707	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	708	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	709	<p id="x_6c"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	710	<code class="literal">d</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	711	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	712	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	713	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	714	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	715	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	716	<p id="x_6d"></a>Copying/Yanking text</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	717	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	718	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	719	<p id="x_6e"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	720	<code class="literal">y</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	721	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	722	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	723	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	724	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	725	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	726	<p id="x_6f"></a>Pasting copied/cut text</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	727	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	728	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	729	<p id="x_70"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	730	<code class="literal">p</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	731	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	732	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	733	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	734	</tbody>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	735	</table></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	736	<p id="x_71"></a>The cut and copy commands take the motions or visual blocks as arguments and act on them. For instance, if you wish to delete the text from the current text position to the beginning of the next word, type
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	737	<code class="literal">dw</code>. If you wish to copy the text from the current position to the end of this sentence, type
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	738	<code class="literal">y)</code>.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	739	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	740	<p id="x_72"></a>Apart from the above commands, that take any motion or visual block as an argument, there are additional special commands.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	741	<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	742	<colgroup>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	743	<col width="41">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	744	<col width="10">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	745	</colgroup>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	746	<thead><tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	747	<th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	748	<p id="x_73"></a>Editing effect</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	749	</th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	750	<th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	751	<p id="x_74"></a>Command</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	752	</th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	753	</tr></thead>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	754	<tbody>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	755	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	756	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	757	<p id="x_75"></a>Cut the character under the cursor</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	758	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	759	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	760	<p id="x_76"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	761	<code class="literal">x</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	762	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	763	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	764	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	765	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	766	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	767	<p id="x_77"></a>Replace the character under the cursor with
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	768	<code class="literal">a</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	769	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	770	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	771	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	772	<div class="variablelist"><dl>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	773	<dt><span class="term">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	774	<code class="literal">ra</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	775	</span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	776	<dd><p></p></dd>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	777	</dl></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	778	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	779	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	780	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	781	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	782	<p id="x_78"></a>Cut an entire line</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	783	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	784	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	785	<p id="x_79"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	786	<code class="literal">dd</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	787	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	788	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	789	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	790	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	791	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	792	<p id="x_7a"></a>Copy/yank an entire line</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	793	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	794	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	795	<p id="x_7b"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	796	<code class="literal">yy</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	797	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	798	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	799	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	800	</tbody>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	801	</table></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	802	<p id="x_7c"></a>Note: You can prefix numbers to any of the commands, to repeat them.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	803	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	804	<div class="section" title="4.1.4. Undo and Redo">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	805	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	806	<a name="undo-and-redo"></a>4.1.4. Undo and Redo</h4></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	807	<p id="x_7d"></a>You can undo almost anything using
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	808	<code class="literal">u</code>.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	809	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	810	<p id="x_7e"></a>To undo the undo command type
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	811	<code class="literal">C-r</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	812	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	813	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	814	<div class="section" title="4.1.5. Searching and Replacing">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	815	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	816	<a name="searching-and-replacing"></a>4.1.5. Searching and Replacing</h4></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	817	<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	818	<colgroup>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	819	<col width="42">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	820	<col width="10">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	821	</colgroup>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	822	<thead><tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	823	<th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	824	<p id="x_7f"></a>Finding</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	825	</th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	826	<th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	827	<p id="x_80"></a>Command</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	828	</th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	829	</tr></thead>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	830	<tbody>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	831	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	832	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	833	<p id="x_81"></a>Next occurrence of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	834	<code class="literal">text</code>, forward
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	835	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	836	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	837	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	838	<p id="x_82"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	839	<code class="literal">\text</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	840	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	841	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	842	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	843	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	844	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	845	<p id="x_83"></a>Next occurrence of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	846	<code class="literal">text</code>, backward
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	847	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	848	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	849	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	850	<p id="x_84"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	851	<code class="literal">?text</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	852	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	853	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	854	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	855	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	856	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	857	<p id="x_85"></a>Search again in the same direction</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	858	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	859	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	860	<p id="x_86"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	861	<code class="literal">n</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	862	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	863	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	864	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	865	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	866	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	867	<p id="x_87"></a>Search again in the opposite direction</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	868	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	869	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	870	<p id="x_88"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	871	<code class="literal">N</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	872	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	873	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	874	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	875	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	876	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	877	<p id="x_89"></a>Next occurrence of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	878	<code class="literal">x</code> in the line
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	879	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	880	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	881	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	882	<p id="x_8a"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	883	<code class="literal">fx</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	884	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	885	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	886	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	887	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	888	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	889	<p id="x_8b"></a>Previous occurrence of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	890	<code class="literal">x</code> in the line
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	891	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	892	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	893	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	894	<p id="x_8c"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	895	<code class="literal">Fx</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	896	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	897	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	898	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	899	</tbody>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	900	</table></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	901	<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	902	<colgroup>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	903	<col width="40">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	904	<col width="19">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	905	</colgroup>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	906	<thead><tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	907	<th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	908	<p id="x_8d"></a>Finding and Replacing</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	909	</th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	910	<th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	911	<p id="x_8e"></a>Command</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	912	</th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	913	</tr></thead>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	914	<tbody>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	915	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	916	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	917	<p id="x_8f"></a>Replace the first instance of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	918	<code class="literal">old</code> with
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	919	<code class="literal">new</code> in the current line.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	920	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	921	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	922	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	923	<p id="x_90"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	924	<code class="literal">:s/old/new</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	925	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	926	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	927	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	928	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	929	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	930	<p id="x_91"></a>Replace all instances of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	931	<code class="literal">old</code> with
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	932	<code class="literal">new</code> in the current line.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	933	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	934	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	935	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	936	<p id="x_92"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	937	<code class="literal">:s/old/new/g</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	938	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	939	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	940	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	941	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	942	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	943	<p id="x_93"></a>Replace all instances of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	944	<code class="literal">old</code> with
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	945	<code class="literal">new</code> in the current line, but ask for confirmation each time.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	946	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	947	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	948	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	949	<p id="x_94"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	950	<code class="literal">:s/old/new/gc</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	951	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	952	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	953	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	954	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	955	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	956	<p id="x_95"></a>Replace the first instance of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	957	<code class="literal">old</code> with
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	958	<code class="literal">new</code> in the entire file.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	959	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	960	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	961	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	962	<p id="x_96"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	963	<code class="literal">:%s/old/new</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	964	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	965	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	966	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	967	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	968	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	969	<p id="x_97"></a>Replace all instances of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	970	<code class="literal">old</code> with
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	971	<code class="literal">new</code> in the entire file.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	972	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	973	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	974	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	975	<p id="x_98"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	976	<code class="literal">:%s/old/new/g</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	977	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	978	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	979	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	980	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	981	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	982	<p id="x_99"></a>Replace all instances of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	983	<code class="literal">old</code> with
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	984	<code class="literal">new</code> in the entire file but ask for confirmation each time.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	985	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	986	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	987	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	988	<p id="x_9a"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	989	<code class="literal">:%s/old/new/gc</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	990	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	991	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	992	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	993	</tbody>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	994	</table></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	995	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	996	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	997	<div class="section" title="4.2. SciTE">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	998	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	999	<a name="scite"></a>4.2. SciTE</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1000	<p id="x_9b"></a>SciTE is a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1001	<span class="emphasis"><em>source code</em></span> editor, that has a feel similar to the commonly used GUI text editors. It has a wide range of features that are extremely useful for a programmer, editing code. Also it aims to keep configuration simple, and the user needs to edit a text file to configure SciTE to his/her liking.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1002	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1003	<p id="x_9c"></a>Opening, Saving, Editing files with SciTE is extremely simple and trivial. Knowledge of using a text editor will suffice.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1004	<p id="x_9d"></a>SciTE can syntax highlight code in various languages. It also has auto-indentation, code-folding and other such features which are useful when editing code.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1005	<p id="x_9e"></a>SciTE also gives you the option to (compile and) run your code, from within the editor.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1006	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1007	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1008	<div class="section" title="5. Personalizing your Environment">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1009	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1010	<a name="personalizing-your-environment"></a>5. Personalizing your Environment</h2></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1011	<div class="section" title="5.1. .bashrc">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1012	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1013	<a name="bashrc"></a>5.1. .bashrc</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1014	<p id="x_9f"></a>What would you do, if you want bash to execute a particular command each time you start it up? For instance, say you want the current directory to be your Desktop instead of your home folder, each time bash starts up. How would you achieve this? Bash reads and executes commands in a whole bunch of files called start-up files, when it starts up.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1015	<p id="x_a0"></a>When bash starts up as an interactive login shell, it reads the files
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1016	<code class="literal">/etc/profile</code>,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1017	<code class="literal">~/.bash_profile</code>,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1018	<code class="literal">~/.bash_login</code>, and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1019	<code class="literal">~/.profile</code> in that order.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1020	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1021	<p id="x_a1"></a>When it is a shell that is not a login shell,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1022	<code class="literal">~/.bashrc</code> is read and the commands in it are executed. This can be prevented using the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1023	<code class="literal">--norc</code> option. To force bash to use another file, instead of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1024	<code class="literal">~/.bashrc</code> file on start-up, the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1025	<code class="literal">--rcfile</code> option may be used.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1026	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1027	<p id="x_a2"></a>Now, you know what you should do, to change the current directory to you Desktop. Just put a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1028	<code class="literal">cd ~/Desktop</code> into your
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1029	<code class="literal">~/.bashrc</code> and you are set!
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1030	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1031	<p id="x_a3"></a>This example is quite a simple and lame one. The start-up files are used for a lot more complex things than this. You could set (or unset) aliases and a whole bunch of environment variables in the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1032	<code class="literal">.bashrc</code>. We shall look at them, in the next section where we look at environment variables and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1033	<code class="literal">set</code> command.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1034	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1035	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1036	<div class="section" title="5.2. .vimrc">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1037	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1038	<a name="vimrc"></a>5.2. .vimrc</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1039	<p id="x_a4"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1040	<code class="literal">.vimrc</code> is a file similar to
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1041	<code class="literal">.bashrc</code> for vim. It is a start-up file that vim reads and executes, each time it starts up. The options that you would like to be set every time you use vim, are placed in the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1042	<code class="literal">.vimrc</code> file, so that they are automatically set each time vim starts. The recommended place for having your
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1043	<code class="literal">.vimrc</code> is also your home directory.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1044	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1045	<p id="x_a5"></a>The file
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1046	<code class="literal">/etc/vimrc</code> is the global config file and shouldn't usually be edited. You can instead edit the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1047	<code class="literal">~/.vimrc</code> file that is present in your home folder.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1048	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1049	<p id="x_a6"></a>There are a whole bunch of variables that you could set in the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1050	<code class="literal">.vimrc</code> file. You can look at all the options available, using the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1051	<code class="literal">:set all</code> command in vim. You could use the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1052	<code class="literal">:help option_name</code> to get more information about the option that you want to set. Once you are comfortable with what you want to set a particular variable to, you could add it to
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1053	<code class="literal">.vimrc</code>. You should also look at
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1054	<code class="literal">:help vimrc</code> for more info on the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1055	<code class="literal">.vimrc</code> file. If you already have a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1056	<code class="literal">.vimrc</code> file, you can edit it from within vim, using
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1057	<code class="literal">:e $MYVIMRC</code> command. We shall look at some of the most commonly used options.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1058	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1059	<div class="informaltable"><table border="1">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1060	<colgroup>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1061	<col width="35">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1062	<col width="84">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1063	</colgroup>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1064	<thead><tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1065	<th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1066	<p id="x_a7"></a>Command</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1067	</th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1068	<th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1069	<p id="x_a8"></a>Vim action</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1070	</th>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1071	</tr></thead>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1072	<tbody>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1073	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1074	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1075	<p id="x_a9"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1076	<code class="literal">set nocompatible</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1077	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1078	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1079	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1080	<p id="x_aa"></a>Explicitly disable compatibility with vi</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1081	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1082	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1083	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1084	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1085	<div class="variablelist"><dl>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1086	<dt><span class="term">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1087	<code class="literal">set backspace=indent,eol,start</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1088	</span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1089	<dd><p></p></dd>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1090	</dl></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1091	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1092	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1093	<p id="x_ab"></a>In the insert mode, vim allows the backspace key to delete white spaces at the start of line, line breaks and the character before which insert mode started.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1094	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1095	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1096	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1097	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1098	<p id="x_ac"></a>set autoindent</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1099	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1100	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1101	<p id="x_ad"></a>Vim indents a new line with the same indentation of the previous line.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1102	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1103	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1104	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1105	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1106	<p id="x_ae"></a>set backup</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1107	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1108	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1109	<p id="x_af"></a>Vim keeps a backup copy of a file when overwriting it.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1110	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1111	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1112	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1113	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1114	<p id="x_b0"></a>set history=50</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1115	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1116	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1117	<p id="x_b1"></a>Vim keeps 50 commands and 50 search patterns in the history.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1118	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1119	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1120	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1121	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1122	<p id="x_b2"></a>set ruler</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1123	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1124	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1125	<p id="x_b3"></a>Displays the current cursor position in the lower right corner of the vim window.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1126	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1127	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1128	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1129	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1130	<p id="x_b4"></a>set showcmd</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1131	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1132	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1133	<p id="x_b5"></a>Displays the incomplete command in the lower right corner.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1134	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1135	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1136	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1137	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1138	<p id="x_b6"></a>set incsearch</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1139	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1140	<td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1141	<p id="x_b7"></a>Turns on incremental searching. Displays search results while you type.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1142	</td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1143	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1144	</tbody>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1145	</table></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1146	<p id="x_b8"></a>You can see the effect of the changes made to your
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1147	<code class="literal">.vimrc</code> file by restarting vim. If you want to see the changes that you made to your
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1148	<code class="literal">.vimrc</code> file immediately, you could source the file from within vim.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1149	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1150	<p id="x_b9"></a>If the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1151	<code class="literal">.vimrc</code> file has been sourced when this instance of vim was started, you could just resource the file again:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1152	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1153	<p id="x_ba"></a>:so $MYVIMRC</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1154	<p id="x_bb"></a>If you just created the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1155	<code class="literal">.vimrc</code> file or it was not sourced when you stared this instance of vim, just replace the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1156	<code class="literal">$MYVIMRC</code> variable above, with the location of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1157	<code class="literal">.vimrc</code> file that you created/edited.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1158	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1159	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1160	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1161	<div class="section" title="6. Subshells and source">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1162	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1163	<a name="subshells-and-source"></a>6. Subshells and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1164	<code class="literal">source</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1165	</h2></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1166	<p id="x_bc"></a>A subshell is just a separate instance of the shell which is a child process of the shell that launches it. Bash creates a subshell in various circumstances. Creation of subshells allows the execution of various processes simultaneously.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1167	<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="*">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1168	<li class="listitem" style="list-style-type: *"><p id="x_bd"></a>When an external command is executed, a new subshell is created. Any built-in commands of bash are executed with int the same shell, and no new subshell is started. When an external command is run, the bash shell copies itself (along with it's environment) creating a subshell and the process is changed to the external command executed. The subshell is a child process of this shell.</p></li>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1169	<li class="listitem" style="list-style-type: *"><p id="x_be"></a>Any pipes being used, create a subshell. The commands on the input and output ends of the pipe are run in different subshells.</p></li>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1170	<li class="listitem" style="list-style-type: *"><p id="x_bf"></a>You could also, explicitly tell bash to start a subshell by enclosing a list of commands between parentheses. Each of the commands in the list is executed within a single new subshell.</p></li>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1171	</ul></div></blockquote></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1172	<p id="x_c0"></a>To avoid creating a subshell, when running a shell script, you could use the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1173	<code class="literal">source</code> command. :
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1174	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1175	<pre class="programlisting">$ source script.sh
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1176
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1177	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1178	<p id="x_c1"></a>This will run the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1179	<code class="literal">script.sh</code> within the present shell without creating a subshell. The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1180	<code class="literal">.</code> command is an alias for the source command.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1181	<code class="literal">. script.sh</code> is therefore equivalent to
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1182	<code class="literal">source script.sh</code>.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1183	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1184	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1185	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1186	</div></body>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1187	</html>

author	amit@thunder
	Mon, 25 Jan 2010 18:56:45 +0530
changeset 0	8083d21c0020
permissions	-rw-r--r--