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8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	4	<title>Lists and Tuples</title>
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8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	7	<link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Chapter 1. List and Tuples">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	8	<link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Chapter 1. List and Tuples">
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8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	12	<div class="navheader">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	13	<table width="100%" summary="Navigation header">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	14	<tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Lists and Tuples</th></tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	15	<tr>
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8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	17	<a accesskey="p" href="index.html">Prev</a> </td>
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8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	22	<hr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	23	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	24	<div class="article" title="Lists and Tuples">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	25	<div class="titlepage">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	26	<div><div><h2 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	27	<a name="id2609714"></a>Lists and Tuples</h2></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	28	<hr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	29	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	30	<div class="toc">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	31	<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	32	<dl>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	33	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#common-list-operations">1. Common List Operations</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	34	<dd><dl>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	35	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#indexing">1.1. Indexing</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	36	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#concatenating">1.2. Concatenating</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	37	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#slicing">1.3. Slicing</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	38	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#multiplication">1.4. Multiplication</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	39	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#membership">1.5. Membership</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	40	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#length-maximum-and-minimum">1.6. Length, Maximum and Minimum</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	41	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#changing-elements">1.7. Changing Elements</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	42	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#deleting-elements">1.8. Deleting Elements</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	43	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#assign-to-slices">1.9. Assign to Slices</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	44	</dl></dd>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	45	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#none-empty-lists-and-initialization">2. None, Empty Lists, and Initialization</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	46	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#nested-lists">3. Nested Lists</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	47	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#list-methods">4. List Methods</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	48	<dd><dl>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	49	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#append">4.1. append</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	50	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#count">4.2. count</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	51	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#extend">4.3. extend</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	52	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#index">4.4. index</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	53	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#insert">4.5. insert</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	54	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#pop">4.6. pop</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	55	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#remove">4.7. remove</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	56	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#reverse">4.8. reverse</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	57	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#sort">4.9. sort</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	58	</dl></dd>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	59	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#tuples">5. Tuples</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	60	<dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#common-tuple-operations">5.1. Common Tuple Operations</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	61	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#additional-syntax">6. Additional Syntax</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	62	<dd><dl>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	63	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#range">6.1. range()</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	64	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#for">6.2. for</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	65	</dl></dd>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	66	<dt><span class="section"><a href="ar01.html#conclusion">7. Conclusion</a></span></dt>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	67	</dl>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	68	</div>Lists
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	69	<p><a name="x_1"></a>Python provides an intuitive way to represent a group items, called
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	70	<span class="emphasis"><em>Lists</em></span>. The items of a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	71	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> are called its elements. Unlike C/C++, elements can be of any type. A
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	72	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> is represented as a list of comma-sepated elements with square brackets around them:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	73	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	74	<pre class="programlisting">>>> a = [10, 'Python programming', 20.3523, 23, 3534534L]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	75	>>> a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	76	[10, 'Python programming', 20.3523, 23, 3534534L]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	77
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	78
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	79	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	80	<div class="section" title="1. Common List Operations">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	81	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	82	<a name="common-list-operations"></a>1. Common List Operations</h2></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	83	<p><a name="x_2"></a>The following are some of the most commonly used operations on
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	84	<span class="emphasis"><em>Lists</em></span>.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	85	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	86	<div class="section" title="1.1. Indexing">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	87	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	88	<a name="indexing"></a>1.1. Indexing</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	89	<p><a name="x_3"></a>Individual elements of a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	90	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> can be accessed using an index to the element. The indices start at 0. One can also access the elements of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	91	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> in reverse using negative indices.:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	92	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	93	<pre class="programlisting">>>> a[1]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	94	'Python programming'
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	95	>>> a[-1]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	96	3534534L
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	97
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	98	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	99	<p><a name="x_4"></a>It is important to note here that the last element of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	100	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> has an index of -1.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	101	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	102	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	103	<div class="section" title="1.2. Concatenating">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	104	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	105	<a name="concatenating"></a>1.2. Concatenating</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	106	<p><a name="x_5"></a>Two or more
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	107	<span class="emphasis"><em>Lists</em></span> can be concatenated using the + operator:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	108	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	109	<pre class="programlisting">>>> a + ['foo', 12, 23.3432, 54]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	110	[10, 'Python programming', 20.3523, 'foo', 12, 23.3432, 54]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	111	>>> [54, 75, 23] + ['write', 67, 'read']
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	112	[54, 75, 23, 'write', 67, 'read']
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	113
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	114
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	115	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	116	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	117	<div class="section" title="1.3. Slicing">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	118	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	119	<a name="slicing"></a>1.3. Slicing</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	120	<p><a name="x_6"></a>A
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	121	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> can be sliced off to contain a subset of elements of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	122	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span>. Slicing can be done by using two indices separated by a colon, where the first index is inclusive and the second index is exclusive. The resulting slice is also a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	123	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span>.:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	124	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	125	<pre class="programlisting">>>> num = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	126	>>> num[3:6]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	127	[4, 5, 6]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	128	>>> num[0:1]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	129	[1]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	130	>>> num[7:10]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	131	[7, 8, 9]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	132
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	133	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	134	<p><a name="x_7"></a>The last example showed how to access last 3 elements of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	135	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span>. There is a small catch here. The second index 10 actually refers to the 11th element of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	136	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> which is still valid, even though it doesn't exist because the second index is exclusive and tells the Python interpreter to get the last element of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	137	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span>. But this can also be done in a much easier way using negative indices:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	138	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	139	<pre class="programlisting">>>> num[-3:-1]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	140	[7, 8, 9]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	141
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	142	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	143	<p><a name="x_8"></a>Excluding the first index implies that the slice must start at the beginning of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	144	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span>, while excluding the second index includes all the elements till the end of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	145	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span>. A third parameter to a slice, which is implicitly taken as 1 is the step of the slice. It is specified as a value which follows a colon after the second index:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	146	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	147	<pre class="programlisting">>>> num[:4]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	148	[1, 2, 3, 4]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	149	>>> num[7:]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	150	[8, 9]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	151	>>> num[-3:]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	152	[7, 8, 9]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	153	>>> num[:]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	154	[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	155	>>> num[4:9:3]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	156	[5, 8]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	157	>>> num[3::2]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	158	[4, 6, 8]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	159	>>> num[::4]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	160	[1, 5, 9]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	161
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	162
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	163	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	164	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	165	<div class="section" title="1.4. Multiplication">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	166	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	167	<a name="multiplication"></a>1.4. Multiplication</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	168	<p><a name="x_9"></a>A
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	169	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> can be multiplied with an integer to repeat itself:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	170	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	171	<pre class="programlisting">>>> [20] * 5
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	172	[20, 20, 20, 20, 20]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	173	>>> [42, 'Python', 54] * 3
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	174	[42, 'Python', 54, 42, 'Python', 54, 42, 'Python', 54]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	175
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	176
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	177	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	178	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	179	<div class="section" title="1.5. Membership">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	180	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	181	<a name="membership"></a>1.5. Membership</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	182	<p><a name="x_a"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	183	<span class="strong"><strong>in</strong></span> operator is used to find whether an element is part of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	184	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span>. It returns
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	185	<span class="strong"><strong>True</strong></span> if the element is present in the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	186	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> or
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	187	<span class="strong"><strong>False</strong></span> if it is not present. Since this operator returns a Boolean value it is called a Boolean operator:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	188	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	189	<pre class="programlisting">>>> names = ['Guido', 'Alex', 'Tim']
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	190	>>> 'Tim' in names
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	191	True
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	192	>>> 'Adam' in names
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	193	False
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	194
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	195
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	196	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	197	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	198	<div class="section" title="1.6. Length, Maximum and Minimum">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	199	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	200	<a name="length-maximum-and-minimum"></a>1.6. Length, Maximum and Minimum</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	201	<p><a name="x_b"></a>Length of a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	202	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> can be found out using the len function. The max function returns the element with the largest value and the min function returns the element with the smallest value:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	203	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	204	<pre class="programlisting">>>> num = [4, 1, 32, 12, 67, 34, 65]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	205	>>> len(num)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	206	7
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	207	>>> max(num)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	208	67
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	209	>>> min(num)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	210	1
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	211
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	212
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	213	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	214	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	215	<div class="section" title="1.7. Changing Elements">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	216	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	217	<a name="changing-elements"></a>1.7. Changing Elements</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	218	<p><a name="x_c"></a>Unlike Strings
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	219	<span class="emphasis"><em>Lists</em></span> are mutable, i.e. elements of a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	220	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> can be manipulated:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	221	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	222	<pre class="programlisting">>>> a = [1, 3, 5, 7]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	223	>>> a[2] = 9
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	224	>>> a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	225	[1, 3, 9, 7]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	226
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	227
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	228	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	229	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	230	<div class="section" title="1.8. Deleting Elements">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	231	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	232	<a name="deleting-elements"></a>1.8. Deleting Elements</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	233	<p><a name="x_d"></a>An element or a slice of a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	234	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> can be deleted by using the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	235	<span class="strong"><strong>del</strong></span> statement:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	236	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	237	<pre class="programlisting">>>> a = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	238	>>> del a[-2:]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	239	>>> a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	240	[1, 3, 5, 7]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	241	>>> del a[1]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	242	>>> a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	243	[1, 5, 7]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	244
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	245
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	246	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	247	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	248	<div class="section" title="1.9. Assign to Slices">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	249	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	250	<a name="assign-to-slices"></a>1.9. Assign to Slices</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	251	<p><a name="x_e"></a>In the same way, values can be assigned to individual elements of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	252	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span>, a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	253	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> of elements can be assigned to a slice:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	254	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	255	<pre class="programlisting">>>> a = [2, 3, 4, 5]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	256	>>> a[:2] = [0, 1]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	257	[0, 1, 4, 5]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	258	>>> a[2:2] = [2, 3]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	259	>>> a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	260	[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	261	>>> a[2:4] = []
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	262	>>> a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	263	[0, 1, 4, 5]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	264
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	265	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	266	<p><a name="x_f"></a>The last two examples should be particularly noted carefully. The last but one example insert elements or a list of elements into a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	267	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> and the last example deletes a list of elements from the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	268	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span>.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	269	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	270	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	271	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	272	<div class="section" title="2. None, Empty Lists, and Initialization">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	273	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	274	<a name="none-empty-lists-and-initialization"></a>2. None, Empty Lists, and Initialization</h2></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	275	<p><a name="x_10"></a>An
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	276	<span class="emphasis"><em>Empty List</em></span> is a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	277	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> with no elements and is simply represented as []. A
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	278	<span class="emphasis"><em>None List</em></span> is one with all elements in it being
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	279	<span class="strong"><strong>None</strong></span>. It serves the purpose having a container list of some fixed number of elements with no value:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	280	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	281	<pre class="programlisting">>>> a = []
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	282	>>> a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	283	[]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	284	>>> n = [None] * 10
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	285	>>> n
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	286	[None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None, None]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	287
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	288
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	289	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	290	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	291	<div class="section" title="3. Nested Lists">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	292	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	293	<a name="nested-lists"></a>3. Nested Lists</h2></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	294	<p><a name="x_11"></a>As mentioned earlier, a List can contain elements of any data type. This also implies a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	295	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> can have a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	296	<span class="emphasis"><em>Lists</em></span> themselves as its elements. These are called as
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	297	<span class="emphasis"><em>Nested Lists</em></span>. There is no limit on the depth of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	298	<span class="emphasis"><em>Nested Lists</em></span>:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	299	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	300	<pre class="programlisting">>>> a = [1, [1, 2, 3], 3, [1, [1, 2, 3]], 7]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	301
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	302
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	303	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	304	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	305	<div class="section" title="4. List Methods">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	306	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	307	<a name="list-methods"></a>4. List Methods</h2></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	308	<p><a name="x_12"></a>A method is a function that is coupled to an object. More about objects and its methods are discussed in Advanced Python module. In general, a method is called like:</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	309	<pre class="programlisting">object.method(arguments)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	310
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	311	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	312	<p><a name="x_13"></a>For now, it is enough to know that a list of elements is an object and so
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	313	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> methods can be called upon them. Also some of the methods change the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	314	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> in-place, meaning it modifies the existing list instead of creating a new one, while other methods don't. It must be noted as we run through the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	315	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> methods.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	316	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	317	<p><a name="x_14"></a>Some of the most commonly used
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	318	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> methods are as follows:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	319	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	320	<div class="section" title="4.1. append">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	321	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	322	<a name="append"></a>4.1. append</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	323	<p><a name="x_15"></a>The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	324	<span class="emphasis"><em>append</em></span> method is used to append an object at the end of the list:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	325	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	326	<pre class="programlisting">>>> prime = [2, 3, 5]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	327	>>> prime.append(7)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	328	>>> prime
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	329	[2, 3, 5, 7]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	330
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	331	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	332	<p><a name="x_16"></a>It is important to note that append changes the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	333	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> in-place.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	334	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	335	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	336	<div class="section" title="4.2. count">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	337	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	338	<a name="count"></a>4.2. count</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	339	<p><a name="x_17"></a>The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	340	<span class="emphasis"><em>count</em></span> method returns the number of occurences of a particular element in a list:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	341	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	342	<pre class="programlisting">>>> [1, 4, 4, 9, 9, 9].count(9)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	343	3
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	344	>>> tlst = ['Python', 'is', 'a', 'beautiful', 'language']
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	345	>>> tlst.count('Python')
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	346	1
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	347
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	348
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	349	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	350	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	351	<div class="section" title="4.3. extend">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	352	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	353	<a name="extend"></a>4.3. extend</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	354	<p><a name="x_18"></a>The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	355	<span class="emphasis"><em>extend</em></span> method extends the list on which it is called by the list supplied as argument to it:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	356	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	357	<pre class="programlisting">>>> a = [1, 2, 3]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	358	>>> b = [4, 5, 6]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	359	>>> a.extend(b)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	360	[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	361
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	362	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	363	<p><a name="x_19"></a>This is an in-place method. This method is equivalent to using the + operator, but using the + operator returns a new list.</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	364	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	365	<div class="section" title="4.4. index">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	366	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	367	<a name="index"></a>4.4. index</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	368	<p><a name="x_1a"></a>The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	369	<span class="emphasis"><em>index</em></span> method returns the index position of the element in the list specified as argument:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	370	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	371	<pre class="programlisting">>>> a = [1, 2, 3, ,4, 5]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	372	>>> a.index(4)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	373	3
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	374
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	375
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	376	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	377	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	378	<div class="section" title="4.5. insert">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	379	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	380	<a name="insert"></a>4.5. insert</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	381	<p><a name="x_1b"></a>The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	382	<span class="emphasis"><em>insert</em></span> method is used to insert an element specified as the second argument to the list at the position specified by the first argument:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	383	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	384	<pre class="programlisting">>>> a = ['Python', 'is', 'cool']
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	385	>>> a.insert(2, 'so')
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	386	>>> a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	387	['Python', 'is', 'so', 'cool']
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	388
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	389	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	390	<p><a name="x_1c"></a>The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	391	<span class="emphasis"><em>insert</em></span> method changes the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	392	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> in-place.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	393	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	394	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	395	<div class="section" title="4.6. pop">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	396	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	397	<a name="pop"></a>4.6. pop</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	398	<p><a name="x_1d"></a>The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	399	<span class="emphasis"><em>pop</em></span> method removes an element from the list. The index position of the element to be removed can be specified as an argument to the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	400	<span class="emphasis"><em>pop</em></span> method, if not it removes the last element by default:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	401	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	402	<pre class="programlisting">>>> a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	403	>>> a.pop()
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	404	>>> a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	405	5
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	406	>>> a.pop(2)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	407	>>> a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	408	3
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	409
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	410	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	411	<p><a name="x_1e"></a>The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	412	<span class="emphasis"><em>pop</em></span> method changes the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	413	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> in-place.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	414	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	415	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	416	<div class="section" title="4.7. remove">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	417	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	418	<a name="remove"></a>4.7. remove</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	419	<p><a name="x_1f"></a>The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	420	<span class="emphasis"><em>remove</em></span> method removes the first occurence of an element supplied as a parameter:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	421	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	422	<pre class="programlisting">>>> a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 5, 2]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	423	>>> a.remove(2)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	424	>>> a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	425	[1, 3, 4, 2, 5, 2]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	426
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	427
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	428	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	429	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	430	<div class="section" title="4.8. reverse">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	431	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	432	<a name="reverse"></a>4.8. reverse</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	433	<p><a name="x_20"></a>The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	434	<span class="emphasis"><em>reverse</em></span> method reverses elements in the list. It is important to note here that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	435	<span class="emphasis"><em>reverse</em></span> method changes the list in-place and doesn't return any thing:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	436	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	437	<pre class="programlisting">>>> a = ['guido', 'alex', 'tim']
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	438	>>> a.reverse()
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	439	>>> a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	440	['tim', 'alex', 'guido']
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	441
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	442
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	443	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	444	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	445	<div class="section" title="4.9. sort">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	446	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	447	<a name="sort"></a>4.9. sort</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	448	<p><a name="x_21"></a>The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	449	<span class="emphasis"><em>sort</em></span> method is used to sort the elements of the list. The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	450	<span class="emphasis"><em>sort</em></span> method also sorts in-place and does not return anything:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	451	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	452	<pre class="programlisting">>>> a = [5, 1, 3, 7, 4]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	453	>>> a.sort()
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	454	>>> a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	455	[1, 3, 4, 5, 7]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	456
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	457	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	458	<p><a name="x_22"></a>In addition to the sort method on a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	459	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> object we can also use the built-in
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	460	<span class="strong"><strong>sorted</strong></span> function. This function takes the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	461	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> as a parameter and returns a sorted copy of the list. However the original list is left intact:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	462	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	463	<pre class="programlisting">>>> a = [5, 1, 3, 7, 4]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	464	>>> b = sorted(a)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	465	>>> b
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	466	[1, 3, 4, 5, 7]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	467	>>> a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	468	[5, 1, 3, 7, 4]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	469
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	470
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	471	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	472	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	473	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	474	<div class="section" title="5. Tuples">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	475	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	476	<a name="tuples"></a>5. Tuples</h2></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	477	<p><a name="x_23"></a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	478	<span class="emphasis"><em>Tuples</em></span> are sequences just like
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	479	<span class="emphasis"><em>Lists</em></span>, but they are immutable. In other words
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	480	<span class="emphasis"><em>Tuples</em></span> provides a way to represent a group of items, where the group of items cannot be changed in any way. The syntax of a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	481	<span class="emphasis"><em>Tuple</em></span> is also very similar to
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	482	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span>. A
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	483	<span class="emphasis"><em>Tuple</em></span> is represented with the list of items, called elements of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	484	<span class="emphasis"><em>Tuple</em></span> separated by comma, with the entire list being enclosed in parenthesis. It is not compulsory to use parenthesis around a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	485	<span class="emphasis"><em>Tuple</em></span> but it may be necessary in some of the cases:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	486	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	487	<pre class="programlisting">>>> a = 1, 2, 3
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	488	>>> a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	489	(1, 2, 3)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	490	>>> b = 1,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	491	>>> b
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	492	(1,)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	493
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	494	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	495	<p><a name="x_24"></a>It is interesting to note the second example. Just a value followed by a comma automatically makes that an element of a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	496	<span class="emphasis"><em>Tuple</em></span> with only one element. It is also important to note that, irrespective of input having a parenthesis, the output always has a parenthesis.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	497	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	498	<p><a name="x_25"></a>The first example is also known as
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	499	<span class="emphasis"><em>Tuple packing</em></span>, because values are being packed into a tuple. It is also possible to do
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	500	<span class="emphasis"><em>Tuple unpacking</em></span> which is more interesting. It is better to understand that by example. Say we have a co-ordinate pair from which we need to separate x and y co-ordinates:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	501	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	502	<pre class="programlisting">>>> a = (1, 2)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	503	>>> x, y = a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	504	>>> x
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	505	1
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	506	>>> y
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	507	2
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	508
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	509	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	510	<p><a name="x_26"></a> <span class="emphasis"><em>Tuple unpacking</em></span> also has several other use-cases of which the most interesting one is to swap the values of two variables. Using programming languages like C would require anywhere around 10 lines of code and an extra temporary variable to do this (including all the #include stuff). Python does it in the most intuitive way in just one line. Say we want to swap the co-ordinates in the above example:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	511	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	512	<pre class="programlisting">>>> x, y = y, x
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	513	>>> x
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	514	2
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	515	>>> y
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	516	1
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	517
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	518	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	519	<div class="section" title="5.1. Common Tuple Operations">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	520	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	521	<a name="common-tuple-operations"></a>5.1. Common Tuple Operations</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	522	<p><a name="x_27"></a>There is no need to introduce all the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	523	<span class="emphasis"><em>Tuple</em></span> operations again, since
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	524	<span class="emphasis"><em>Tuples</em></span> support the following operations that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	525	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> supports in exactly the same way:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	526	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	527	<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="*">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	528	<li class="listitem" style="list-style-type: *"><p><a name="x_28"></a>Indexing</p></li>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	529	<li class="listitem" style="list-style-type: *"><p><a name="x_29"></a>Concatenating</p></li>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	530	<li class="listitem" style="list-style-type: *"><p><a name="x_2a"></a>Slicing</p></li>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	531	<li class="listitem" style="list-style-type: *"><p><a name="x_2b"></a>Membership</p></li>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	532	<li class="listitem" style="list-style-type: *"><p><a name="x_2c"></a>Multiplication</p></li>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	533	<li class="listitem" style="list-style-type: *"><p><a name="x_2d"></a>Length, Maximum, Minimum</p></li>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	534	</ul></div></blockquote></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	535	<p><a name="x_2e"></a>The following examples illustrate the above operations:</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	536	<pre class="programlisting">>>> a = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	537	>>> a[5]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	538	6
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	539	>>> b = (7, 8, 9)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	540	>>> a + b
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	541	(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	542	>>> a[3:5]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	543	(4, 5)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	544	>>> 5 in a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	545	True
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	546	>>> c = (1,)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	547	>>> c * 5
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	548	(1, 1, 1, 1, 1)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	549	>>> len(a)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	550	6
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	551	>>> max(a)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	552	6
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	553	>>> min(a)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	554	1
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	555
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	556	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	557	<p><a name="x_2f"></a>However the following
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	558	<span class="emphasis"><em>List</em></span> operations are not supported by
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	559	<span class="emphasis"><em>Tuples</em></span> because
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	560	<span class="emphasis"><em>Tuples</em></span> cannot be changed once they are created:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	561	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	562	<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="*">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	563	<li class="listitem" style="list-style-type: *"><p><a name="x_30"></a>Changing elements</p></li>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	564	<li class="listitem" style="list-style-type: *"><p><a name="x_31"></a>Deleting elements</p></li>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	565	<li class="listitem" style="list-style-type: *"><p><a name="x_32"></a>Assigning to slices</p></li>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	566	</ul></div></blockquote></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	567	<p><a name="x_33"></a>Similarity to
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	568	<span class="emphasis"><em>Lists</em></span> leads to the questions like, why not
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	569	<span class="emphasis"><em>Lists</em></span> only? Why do we even want
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	570	<span class="emphasis"><em>Tuples</em></span>? Can we do the same with
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	571	<span class="emphasis"><em>Lists</em></span>? And the answer is
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	572	<span class="strong"><strong>Yes</strong></span> we can do it, but
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	573	<span class="emphasis"><em>Tuples</em></span> are helpful at times, like we can return Tuples from functions. They are also returned by some built-in functions and methods. And also there are some use cases like co-ordinate among other things. So
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	574	<span class="emphasis"><em>Tuples</em></span> are helpful.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	575	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	576	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	577	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	578	<div class="section" title="6. Additional Syntax">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	579	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	580	<a name="additional-syntax"></a>6. Additional Syntax</h2></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	581	<p><a name="x_34"></a>The following additional syntax are introduced to make it easier to operate on
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	582	<span class="emphasis"><em>Lists</em></span>.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	583	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	584	<div class="section" title="6.1. range()">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	585	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	586	<a name="range"></a>6.1. range()</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	587	<p><a name="x_35"></a>The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	588	<span class="emphasis"><em>range</em></span> function takes at least one argument and 2 additional optional arguments. If two or more arguments are specified, the range function returns a list of natural numbers starting from the first argument passed to it to the second argument. The third argument, if specified is used as a step. Suppose only one argument is specified, then
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	589	<span class="emphasis"><em>range</em></span> function returns a list of natural numbers starting from 0 upto the argument specified:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	590	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	591	<pre class="programlisting">>>> range(5, 10, 2)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	592	[5, 7, 9]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	593	>>> range(2, 15)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	594	[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	595	>>> range(12)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	596	[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	597
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	598	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	599	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	600	<div class="section" title="6.2. for">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	601	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	602	<a name="for"></a>6.2. for</h3></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	603	<p><a name="x_36"></a>The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	604	<span class="strong"><strong>for</strong></span> keyword is used as a part of the looping construct. Unlike for loops in other languages, Python's for is used to iterate through the elements of sequences like
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	605	<span class="emphasis"><em>Lists</em></span>,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	606	<span class="emphasis"><em>Tuples</em></span>,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	607	<span class="emphasis"><em>Dictionaries</em></span>, etc. The syntax of the for loop consists of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	608	<span class="strong"><strong>for</strong></span>, followed by a variable to hold the individual or the current element of the list during iteration and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	609	<span class="strong"><strong>in</strong></span>, followed by the sequence and a semicolon(':') The next line which is part of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	610	<span class="strong"><strong>for</strong></span> loop, i.e the statements that are part of the loop should start with a new intend:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	611	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	612	<pre class="programlisting">>>> names = ['Guido', 'Alex', 'Tim']
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	613	>>> for name in names:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	614	... print "Name =", name
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	615	...
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	616	Name = Guido
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	617	Name = Alex
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	618	Name = Tim
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	619
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	620
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	621	</pre>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	622	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	623	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	624	<div class="section" title="7. Conclusion">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	625	<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	626	<a name="conclusion"></a>7. Conclusion</h2></div></div></div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	627	<p><a name="x_37"></a>This section on
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	628	<span class="emphasis"><em>Lists</em></span> and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	629	<span class="emphasis"><em>Tuples</em></span> introduces almost all the necessary machinary required to work on
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	630	<span class="emphasis"><em>Lists</em></span> and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	631	<span class="emphasis"><em>Tuples</em></span>. Topics like how to use these data structures in bigger more useful programs will be introduced in the subsequent chapters.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	632	</p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	633	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	634	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	635	<div class="navfooter">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	636	<hr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	637	<table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	638	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	639	<td width="40%" align="left">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	640	<a accesskey="p" href="index.html">Prev</a> </td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	641	<td width="20%" align="center"> </td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	642	<td width="40%" align="right"> </td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	643	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	644	<tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	645	<td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 1. List and Tuples </td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	646	<td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	647	<td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> </td>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	648	</tr>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	649	</table>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	650	</div>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	651	</body>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	652	</html>

author	amit@thunder
	Mon, 25 Jan 2010 18:56:45 +0530
changeset 0	8083d21c0020
permissions	-rwxr-xr-x