Merged branches.
--- a/day1/cheatsheet1.tex Tue Nov 03 11:13:38 2009 +0530
+++ b/day1/cheatsheet1.tex Thu Nov 05 13:51:00 2009 +0530
@@ -2,54 +2,43 @@
\title{Interactive Plotting}
\author{FOSSEE}
\begin{document}
-\maketitle
+\date{}
+\vspace{-1in}
+\begin{center}
+\LARGE{Interactive Plotting}\\
+\large{FOSSEE}
+\end{center}
+\section{Starting up...}
-\section{Starting up...}
\begin{verbatim}
$ ipython -pylab
\end{verbatim}
-Exiting Ipython
+Exiting
\begin{verbatim}
- In [1]: print "Hello, World!"
- In [2]: ^D
- Do you really want to exit ([y]/n)? y
+In [2]: (Ctrl-D)^D
+Do you really want to exit ([y]/n)? y
\end{verbatim}
Breaking out of loops
\begin{verbatim}
- In [1]: while True:
- ...: print "Hello, World!"
- ...:
- Hello, World!
- Hello, World!^C
-\end{verbatim}
-
-\section{First Plot}
-\begin{verbatim}
- In [2]: x=linspace(0, 2*pi, 50)
-
- In [3]: plot(x,sin(x))
- Out[3]: [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0xb6e5874c>]
+In [1]: while True:
+ ...: print "Hello, World!"
+ ...:
+Hello, World!
+Hello, World!(Ctrl-C)^C
\end{verbatim}
-\section{Labeling}
-\begin{verbatim}
- In [4]: xlabel('x')
-
- In [5]: ylabel('sin(x)')
-\end{verbatim}
-
-\section{Another example}
+\section{Plotting}
\begin{verbatim}
-In [6]: clf()
-
-In [7]: y = linspace(0,10,101)
-
-In [8]: plot(y, exp(-y))
-
-In [9]: xlabel('y')
-
-In [10]: ylabel(r'$e^{-y}$')
+In [1]: x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50)
+In [2]: plot(x,sin(x))
+In [3]: xlabel('x')
+In [4]: ylabel('sin(x)')
+In [5]: legend(['x', '-x', 'sin(x)', 'xsin(x)'])
+In [6]: annotate('origin', xy=(0, 0), xytext=(0, -7),
+ arrowprops=dict(shrink=0.05))
+In [7]: xlim(5*pi, 5*pi)
+In [8]: ylim(5*pi, 5*pi)
+In [9]: clf() #Clears the Plot area
\end{verbatim}
-
\end{document}
Binary file day1/data/annotate.png has changed
Binary file day1/data/interpolate.png has changed
Binary file day1/data/missing_points.png has changed
Binary file day1/data/pos_vel_accel.png has changed
--- a/day1/links.tex Tue Nov 03 11:13:38 2009 +0530
+++ b/day1/links.tex Thu Nov 05 13:51:00 2009 +0530
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\title{Links and References}
-\author{Asokan Pichai\\Prabhu Ramachandran}
+\author{FOSSEE}
+\date{}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\begin{itemize}
@@ -8,7 +9,9 @@
\item ``may be one of the thinnest programming language books on my shelf, but it's also one of the best.'' -- \emph{Slashdot, AccordianGuy, September 8, 2004}- available at \url{http://diveintopython.org/}
\item How to Think Like a Computer Scientist: Learning with Python available at \url{http://www.openbookproject.net/thinkcs/python/english/}\\``The concepts covered here apply to all programming languages and to problem solving in general.'' -- \emph{Guido van Rossum, creator of Python}
\item Some assorted articles related to Python \url{http://effbot.org/zone/index.htm}
+ \item Reference manual to describe the standard libraries that are distributed with Python is available at \url{http://docs.python.org/library/}
\item To read more on strings refer to: \\ \url{http://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#string-methods}
+ \item Some coding conventions for using Python language are available at \\ \url{http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/}
\item For documentation on IPython refer: \\ \url{http://ipython.scipy.org/moin/Documentation}
\item Documentation for Numpy and Scipy is available at: \url{http://docs.scipy.org/doc/}
\item For "recipes" or worked examples of commonly-done tasks in SciPy explore: \url{http://www.scipy.org/Cookbook/}
--- a/day1/session1.tex Tue Nov 03 11:13:38 2009 +0530
+++ b/day1/session1.tex Thu Nov 05 13:51:00 2009 +0530
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
}
\newcounter{time}
\setcounter{time}{0}
-\newcommand{\inctime}[1]{\addtocounter{time}{#1}{\tiny \thetime\ m}}
+\newcommand{%\inctime}[1]{\addtocounter{time}{#1}{\tiny \thetime\ m}}
\newcommand{\typ}[1]{\lstinline{#1}}
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
\author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
-\date[] {31, October 2009\\Day 1, Session 1}
+\date[] {31 October, 2009\\Day 1, Session 1}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%\pgfdeclareimage[height=0.75cm]{iitmlogo}{iitmlogo}
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
% the following command:
%\beamerdefaultoverlayspecification{<+->}
-%\includeonlyframes{current,current1,current2,current3,current4,current5,current6}
+%%\includeonlyframes{current,current1,current2,current3,current4,current5,current6}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% DOCUMENT STARTS
@@ -129,10 +129,10 @@
\item[Session 2] Sat 10:05--11:05
\item[Session 3] Sat 11:20--12:20
\item[Session 4] Sat 12:25--13:25
- \item[Quiz -1] Sat 14:25--14:40
+ \item[Quiz 1] Sat 14:25--14:40
\item[Session 5] Sat 14:40--15:40
\item[Session 6] Sat 15:55--16:55
- \item[Quiz -2] Sat 17:00--17:15
+ \item[Quiz 2] Sat 17:00--17:15
\end{description}
\end{frame}
@@ -143,10 +143,10 @@
\item[Session 2] Sun 10:05--11:05
\item[Session 3] Sun 11:20--12:20
\item[Session 4] Sun 12:25--13:25
- \item[Quiz -1] Sun 14:25--14:40
+ \item[Quiz 1] Sun 14:25--14:40
\item[Session 5] Sun 14:40--15:40
\item[Session 6] Sun 15:55--16:55
- \item[Quiz -2] Sun 17:00--17:15
+ \item[Quiz 2] Sun 17:00--17:15
\end{description}
\end{frame}
@@ -161,9 +161,9 @@
\begin{block}{Goal: Successful participants will be able to}
\begin{itemize}
- \item Use Python as plotting, computational toolkit
- \item Understand how Python can be used as scripting and problem solving language.
- \item Train the students to use Python for the same
+ \item Use Python as plotting, computational tool
+ \item Understand how Python can be used as a scripting and problem solving language.
+ \item Train students for the same
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
@@ -172,14 +172,25 @@
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Checklist}
\begin{enumerate}
- \item IPython: Type ipython at the command line. Is it available?
+ \item IPython
\item Editor: We recommend scite.
- \item Data files: Make sure you have all data files.
+ \item Data files:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \typ{sslc1.txt}
+ \item \typ{pendulum.txt}
+ \item \typ{points.txt}
+ \item \typ{pos.txt}
+ \end{itemize}
+ \item Python scripts:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \typ{sslc_allreg.py}
+ \item \typ{sslc_science.py}
+ \end{itemize}
\end{enumerate}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Starting up...}
+\frametitle{Starting up \ldots}
\begin{block}{}
\begin{verbatim}
$ ipython -pylab
@@ -196,20 +207,20 @@
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Loops}
-Breaking out of loops
-\begin{lstlisting}
- In []: while True:
- ...: print "Hello, World!"
- ...:
- Hello, World!
- Hello, World!^C(Ctrl-C)
- ------------------------------------
- KeyboardInterrupt
+%% \begin{frame}[fragile]
+%% \frametitle{Loops}
+%% Breaking out of loops
+%% \begin{lstlisting}
+%% In []: while True:
+%% ...: print "Hello, World!"
+%% ...:
+%% Hello, World!
+%% Hello, World!^C(Ctrl-C)
+%% ------------------------------------
+%% KeyboardInterrupt
-\end{lstlisting}
-\end{frame}
+%% \end{lstlisting}
+%% \end{frame}
\section{Plotting}
@@ -224,7 +235,7 @@
\begin{block}{}
\begin{small}
\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 51)
+In []: x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50)
In []: plot(x, sin(x))
\end{lstlisting}
\end{small}
@@ -246,6 +257,7 @@
\begin{block}{\typ{plot(x, y)}}
plots \typ{x} and \typ{y} using default line style and color
\end{block}
+%\inctime{10}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Decoration}
@@ -279,12 +291,11 @@
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: clf()
#Clears the plot area.
-In []: y = linspace(0, 2*pi, 51)
+In []: y = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50)
In []: plot(y, sin(2*y))
In []: xlabel('y')
In []: ylabel('sin(2y)')
\end{lstlisting}
-\emphbar{By default plots would be overlaid!}
\end{frame}
\subsection{More decoration}
@@ -308,11 +319,10 @@
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Legend Placement}
-
\begin{block}{}
\small
\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: legend(['sin(2y)'], loc='center')
+In []: legend(['sin(2y)'], loc = 'center')
\end{lstlisting}
\end{block}
@@ -348,6 +358,7 @@
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=2in, interpolate=true]{data/loc}
\end{center}
+%\inctime{10}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
@@ -361,8 +372,22 @@
\section{Multiple plots}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Overlaid Plots}
+\begin{lstlisting}
+In []: clf()
+In []: plot(y, sin(y))
+In []: plot(y, cos(y))
+In []: xlabel('y')
+In []: ylabel('f(y)')
+In []: legend(['sin(y)', 'cos(y)'])
+\end{lstlisting}
+\emphbar{By default plots would be overlaid!}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Plotting separate figures}
\begin{lstlisting}
+In []: clf()
In []: figure(1)
In []: plot(y, sin(y))
In []: figure(2)
@@ -381,23 +406,20 @@
In []: plot(y, sin(y), 'g')
In []: clf()
-In []: plot(y, sin(y), linewidth=2)
+In []: plot(y, sin(y), 'g', linewidth=2)
\end{lstlisting}
\vspace*{-0.2in}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=2.2in, interpolate=true]{data/green}
\end{center}
+%\inctime{10}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Annotating}
\vspace*{-0.15in}
\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: annotate('local max',
- xy=(1.5, 1),
- xytext=(2.5, .8),
- arrowprops=dict(
- shrink=0.05),)
+In []: annotate('local max', xy=(1.5, 1))
\end{lstlisting}
\vspace*{-0.2in}
\begin{center}
@@ -415,7 +437,7 @@
In []: xmax = 2*pi
#Set the axes limits
In []: xlim(xmin, xmax)
-In []: ylim(ymin, ymax)
+In []: ylim(ymin-0.2, ymax+0.2)
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
@@ -428,34 +450,29 @@
\item Set axis limits to the range of x
\end{enumerate}
\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: x=linspace(-5*pi, 5*pi, 501)
+In []: x=linspace(-5*pi, 5*pi, 500)
In []: plot(x, x, 'b')
In []: plot(x, -x, 'b')
\end{lstlisting}
$\vdots$
\end{frame}
-\section{Exercises}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Review Problem \ldots}
-\small{
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: plot(x, sin(x), 'g', linewidth=2)
-In []: plot(x, x*sin(x), 'r', linewidth=3)
+In []: plot(x, x*sin(x), 'r',
+ linewidth=3)
\end{lstlisting}
-
\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: legend(['x', '-x', 'sin(x)', 'xsin(x)'])
-In []: annotate('origin',
- xy=(0, 0),
- xytext=(0, -7),
- arrowprops=dict(
- shrink=0.05))
-In []: xlim(5*pi, 5*pi)
-In []: ylim(5*pi, 5*pi)
+In []: legend(['x', '-x', 'sin(x)',
+ 'xsin(x)'])
+In []: annotate('origin', xy = (0, 0))
+In []: xlim(-5*pi, 5*pi)
+In []: ylim(-5*pi, 5*pi)
\end{lstlisting}
-}
\end{frame}
+
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{What did we learn?}
\begin{itemize}
@@ -467,6 +484,7 @@
\begin{block}{Note}
\centerline{\alert{Don't Close \typ{IPython}}}
\end{block}
+%%\inctime{10}
\end{frame}
\end{document}
--- a/day1/session2.tex Tue Nov 03 11:13:38 2009 +0530
+++ b/day1/session2.tex Thu Nov 05 13:51:00 2009 +0530
@@ -265,6 +265,7 @@
\alert{\typ{list[initial:final]}}
\end{frame}
+%% more on list slicing
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{List operations}
\begin{lstlisting}
--- a/day1/session3.tex Tue Nov 03 11:13:38 2009 +0530
+++ b/day1/session3.tex Thu Nov 05 13:51:00 2009 +0530
@@ -527,115 +527,4 @@
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Least Squares Fit}
-\vspace{-0.15in}
-\begin{figure}
-\includegraphics[width=4in]{data/L-Tsq-Line.png}
-\end{figure}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Least Squares Fit}
-\vspace{-0.15in}
-\begin{figure}
-\includegraphics[width=4in]{data/L-Tsq-points.png}
-\end{figure}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Least Squares Fit}
-\vspace{-0.15in}
-\begin{figure}
-\includegraphics[width=4in]{data/least-sq-fit.png}
-\end{figure}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}
-\frametitle{Least Square Fit Curve}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item $T^2$ and $L$ have a linear relationship
-\item Hence, Least Square Fit Curve is a line
-\item we shall use the \typ{lstsq} function
-\end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{\typ{lstsq}}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item We need to fit a line through points for the equation $T^2 = m \cdot L+c$
-\item The equation can be re-written as $T^2 = A \cdot p$
-\item where A is
- $\begin{bmatrix}
- L_1 & 1 \\
- L_2 & 1 \\
- \vdots & \vdots\\
- L_N & 1 \\
- \end{bmatrix}$
- and p is
- $\begin{bmatrix}
- m\\
- c\\
- \end{bmatrix}$
-\item We need to find $p$ to plot the line
-\end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\subsection{Van der Monde matrix generation}
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Van der Monde Matrix}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item A is also called a Van der Monde matrix
-\item It can be generated using \typ{vander}
-\end{itemize}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: A = vander(L, 2)
-\end{lstlisting}
-Gives the required Van der Monde matrix
-\begin{equation*}
- \begin{bmatrix}
- l_1 & 1 \\
- l_2 & 1 \\
- \vdots & \vdots\\
- l_N & 1 \\
- \end{bmatrix}
-\end{equation*}
-
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{\typ{lstsq} \ldots}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Now use the \typ{lstsq} function
-\item Along with a lot of things, it returns the least squares solution
-\end{itemize}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: coef, res, r, s = lstsq(A,TSq)
-\end{lstlisting}
-\end{frame}
-
-\subsection{Plotting}
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Least Square Fit Line \ldots}
-We get the points of the line from \typ{coef}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: Tline = coef[0]*L + coef[1]
-\end{lstlisting}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Now plot Tline vs. L, to get the Least squares fit line.
-\end{itemize}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: plot(L, Tline)
-\end{lstlisting}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
- \frametitle{What did we learn?}
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Least square fit
- \item Van der Monde matrix generation
- \item Plotting the least square fit curve
- \end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
\end{document}
--- a/day1/session5.tex Tue Nov 03 11:13:38 2009 +0530
+++ b/day1/session5.tex Thu Nov 05 13:51:00 2009 +0530
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Title page
-\title[Calculus]{Python for Science and Engg: Interpolation, Differentiation and Integration}
+\title[]{}
\author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
@@ -125,306 +125,5 @@
%% \end{frame}
-\section{\typ{loadtxt}}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
- \frametitle{\typ{loadtxt}}
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Load data from a text file.
- \item Each row must have same number of values.
- \end{itemize}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: data = loadtxt('pendulum.txt')
-In []: L = data[:,0]
-In []: T = data[:,1]
-\end{lstlisting}
-\end{frame}
-
-%% \begin{frame}[fragile]
-%% \frametitle{\typ{loadtxt}}
-%% \end{frame}
-
-\section{Interpolation}
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Interpolation}
-\begin{itemize}
- \item Given data file \typ{points.txt}.
- \item It contains x,y position of particle.
- \item Plot the given points.
-%% \item Interpolate the missing region.
-\end{itemize}
-\emphbar{Loading data (revisited)}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: data = loadtxt('points.txt')
-In []: data.shape
-Out[]: (40, 2)
-In []: x = data[:,0]
-In []: y = data[:,1]
-In []: plot(x, y, '.')
-\end{lstlisting}
-\end{frame}
-
-%% \begin{frame}[fragile]
-%% \frametitle{Interpolation \ldots}
-%% \begin{small}
-%% \typ{In []: from scipy.interpolate import interp1d}
-%% \end{small}
-%% \begin{itemize}
-%% \item The \typ{interp1d} function returns a function
-%% \begin{lstlisting}
-%% In []: f = interp1d(L, T)
-%% \end{lstlisting}
-%% \item Functions can be assigned to variables
-%% \item This function interpolates between known data values to obtain unknown
-%% \end{itemize}
-%% \end{frame}
-
-%% \begin{frame}[fragile]
-%% \frametitle{Interpolation \ldots}
-%% \begin{lstlisting}
-%% In []: Ln = arange(0.1,0.99,0.005)
-%% # Interpolating!
-%% # The new values in range of old data
-%% In []: plot(L, T, 'o', Ln, f(Ln), '-')
-%% In []: f = interp1d(L, T, kind='cubic')
-%% # When kind not specified, it's linear
-%% # Others are ...
-%% # 'nearest', 'zero',
-%% # 'slinear', 'quadratic'
-%% \end{lstlisting}
-%% \end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Spline Interpolation}
-\begin{small}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: from scipy.interpolate import splrep
-In []: from scipy.interpolate import splev
-\end{lstlisting}
-\end{small}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Involves two steps
- \begin{enumerate}
- \item Find out the spline curve, coefficients
- \item Evaluate the spline at new points
- \end{enumerate}
-\end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{\typ{splrep}}
-To find the spline curve
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: tck = splrep(x, y)
-\end{lstlisting}
-\typ{tck} contains parameters required for representing the spline curve!
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{\typ{splev}}
-To Evaluate a B-spline and it's derivatives
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: Xnew = arange(0.01,3,0.02)
-In []: Ynew = splev(Xnew, tck)
-
-In []: y.shape
-Out[]: (40,)
-
-In []: Ynew.shape
-Out[]: (150,)
-
-In []: plot(Xnew, Ynew)
-\end{lstlisting}
-
-\end{frame}
-
-%% \begin{frame}[fragile]
-%% \frametitle{Interpolation \ldots}
-%% \begin{itemize}
-%% \item
-%% \end{itemize}
-%% \end{frame}
-
-\section{Differentiation}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Numerical Differentiation}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Given function $f(x)$ or data points $y=f(x)$
-\item We wish to calculate $f^{'}(x)$ at points $x$
-\item Taylor series - finite difference approximations
-\end{itemize}
-\begin{center}
-\begin{tabular}{l l}
-$f(x+h)=f(x)+h.f^{'}(x)$ &Forward \\
-$f(x-h)=f(x)-h.f^{'}(x)$ &Backward
-\end{tabular}
-\end{center}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Forward Difference}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 100)
-In []: y = sin(x)
-In []: deltax = x[1] - x[0]
-\end{lstlisting}
-Obtain the finite forward difference of y
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Forward Difference \ldots}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: fD = (y[1:] - y[:-1]) / deltax
-In []: plot(x, y, x[:-1], fD)
-\end{lstlisting}
-\begin{center}
- \includegraphics[height=2in, interpolate=true]{data/fwdDiff}
-\end{center}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Example}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Given x, y positions of a particle in \typ{pos.txt}
-\item Find velocity \& acceleration in x, y directions
-\end{itemize}
-\small{
-\begin{center}
-\begin{tabular}{| c | c | c |}
-\hline
-$X$ & $Y$ \\ \hline
-0. & 0.\\ \hline
-0.25 & 0.47775\\ \hline
-0.5 & 0.931\\ \hline
-0.75 & 1.35975\\ \hline
-1. & 1.764\\ \hline
-1.25 & 2.14375\\ \hline
-\vdots & \vdots\\ \hline
-\end{tabular}
-\end{center}}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Example \ldots}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Read the file
-\item Obtain an array of x, y
-\item Obtain velocity and acceleration
-\item use \typ{deltaT = 0.05}
-\end{itemize}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: X = []
-In []: Y = []
-In []: for line in open('location.txt'):
- .... points = line.split()
- .... X.append(float(points[0]))
- .... Y.append(float(points[1]))
-In []: S = array([X, Y])
-\end{lstlisting}
-\end{frame}
-
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Example \ldots}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item use \typ{deltaT = 0.05}
-\end{itemize}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: deltaT = 0.05
-
-In []: v = (S[:,1:]-S[:,:-1])/deltaT
-
-In []: a = (v[:,1:]-v[:,:-1])/deltaT
-\end{lstlisting}
-Try Plotting the position, velocity \& acceleration.
-\end{frame}
-
-\section{Quadrature}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Quadrature}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item We wish to find area under a curve
-\item Area under $(sin(x) + x^2)$ in $(0,1)$
-\item scipy has functions to do that
-\end{itemize}
-\begin{small}
- \typ{In []: from scipy.integrate import quad}
-\end{small}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Inputs - function to integrate, limits
-\end{itemize}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: x = 0
-In []: quad(sin(x)+x**2, 0, 1)
-\end{lstlisting}
-\begin{small}
-\alert{\typ{error:}}
-\typ{First argument must be a callable function.}
-\end{small}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Functions - Definition}
-We have been using them all along. Now let's see how to define them.
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: def f(x):
- return sin(x)+x**2
-In []: quad(f, 0, 1)
-\end{lstlisting}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item \typ{def}
-\item name
-\item arguments
-\item \typ{return}
-\end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Functions - Calling them}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In [15]: f()
----------------------------------------
-\end{lstlisting}
-\alert{\typ{TypeError:}}\typ{f() takes exactly 1 argument}
-\typ{(0 given)}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: f(0)
-Out[]: 0.0
-In []: f(1)
-Out[]: 1.8414709848078965
-\end{lstlisting}
-More on Functions later \ldots
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Quadrature \ldots}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: quad(f, 0, 1)
-\end{lstlisting}
-Returns the integral and an estimate of the absolute error in the result.
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Look at \typ{dblquad} for Double integrals
-\item Use \typ{tplquad} for Triple integrals
-\end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}
- \frametitle{Things we have learned}
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Interpolation
- \item Differentiation
- \item Functions
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Definition
- \item Calling
- \item Default Arguments
- \item Keyword Arguments
- \end{itemize}
- \item Quadrature
- \end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
\end{document}
--- a/day1/session6.tex Tue Nov 03 11:13:38 2009 +0530
+++ b/day1/session6.tex Thu Nov 05 13:51:00 2009 +0530
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Title page
-\title[ODEs \& Root Finding]{Python for Science and Engg:\\ODEs \& Finding Roots}
+\title[Solving Equations \& ODEs]{Python for Science and Engg:\\Solving Equations \& ODEs}
\author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
@@ -123,219 +123,166 @@
%% % You might wish to add the option [pausesections]
%% \end{frame}
-\section{ODEs}
+\section{Solving linear equations}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{ODE Integration}
-We shall use the simple ODE of a simple pendulum.
-\begin{equation*}
-\ddot{\theta} = -\frac{g}{L}sin(\theta)
-\end{equation*}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item This equation can be written as a system of two first order ODEs
-\end{itemize}
-\begin{align}
-\dot{\theta} &= \omega \\
-\dot{\omega} &= -\frac{g}{L}sin(\theta) \\
- \text{At}\ t &= 0 : \nonumber \\
- \theta = \theta_0\quad & \&\quad \omega = 0 \nonumber
-\end{align}
+\frametitle{Solution of equations}
+Consider,
+ \begin{align*}
+ 3x + 2y - z & = 1 \\
+ 2x - 2y + 4z & = -2 \\
+ -x + \frac{1}{2}y -z & = 0
+ \end{align*}
+Solution:
+ \begin{align*}
+ x & = 1 \\
+ y & = -2 \\
+ z & = -2
+ \end{align*}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Solving ODEs using SciPy}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item We use the \typ{odeint} function from scipy to do the integration
-\item Define a function as below
-\end{itemize}
+\frametitle{Solving using Matrices}
+Let us now look at how to solve this using \kwrd{matrices}
+ \begin{lstlisting}
+ In []: A = array([[3,2,-1],
+ [2,-2,4],
+ [-1, 0.5, -1]])
+ In []: b = array([[1], [-2], [0]])
+ In []: x = solve(A, b)
+ In []: Ax = dot(A,x)
+ \end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Solution:}
\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: def pend_int(unknown, t, p):
- .... theta, omega = unknown
- .... g, L = p
- .... f=[omega, -(g/L)*sin(theta)]
- .... return f
- ....
+In []: x
+Out[]:
+array([[ 1.],
+ [-2.],
+ [-2.]])
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Solving ODEs using SciPy \ldots}
+\frametitle{Let's check!}
+\begin{lstlisting}
+In []: Ax
+Out[]:
+array([[ 1.00000000e+00],
+ [ -2.00000000e+00],
+ [ 2.22044605e-16]])
+\end{lstlisting}
+\begin{block}{}
+The last term in the matrix is actually \alert{0}!\\
+We can use \kwrd{allclose()} to check.
+\end{block}
+\begin{lstlisting}
+In []: allclose(Ax, b)
+Out[]: True
+\end{lstlisting}
+\inctime{15}
+\end{frame}
+
+\subsection{Exercises}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Problem 1}
+Given the matrix:\\
+\begin{center}
+$\begin{bmatrix}
+-2 & 2 & 3\\
+ 2 & 1 & 6\\
+-1 &-2 & 0\\
+\end{bmatrix}$
+\end{center}
+Find:
\begin{itemize}
-\item \typ{t} is the time variable \\
-\item \typ{p} has the constants \\
-\item \typ{initial} has the initial values
+ \item[i] Transpose
+ \item[ii]Inverse
+ \item[iii]Determinant
+ \item[iv] Eigenvalues and Eigen vectors
+ \item[v] Singular Value decomposition
\end{itemize}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: t = linspace(0, 10, 101)
-In []: p=(-9.81, 0.2)
-In []: initial = [10*2*pi/360, 0]
-\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Solving ODEs using SciPy \ldots}
-\begin{small}
- \typ{In []: from scipy.integrate import odeint}
-\end{small}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: pend_sol = odeint(pend_int,
- initial,t,
- args=(p,))
-\end{lstlisting}
+\frametitle{Problem 2}
+Given
+\begin{center}
+A =
+$\begin{bmatrix}
+-3 & 1 & 5 \\
+1 & 0 & -2 \\
+5 & -2 & 4 \\
+\end{bmatrix}$
+, B =
+$\begin{bmatrix}
+0 & 9 & -12 \\
+-9 & 0 & 20 \\
+12 & -20 & 0 \\
+\end{bmatrix}$
+\end{center}
+Find:
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item[i] Sum of A and B
+ \item[ii]Elementwise Product of A and B
+ \item[iii] Matrix product of A and B
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Solution}
+Sum:
+$\begin{bmatrix}
+-3 & 10 & 7 \\
+-8 & 0 & 18 \\
+17 & -22 & 4 \\
+\end{bmatrix}$
+,\\ Elementwise Product:
+$\begin{bmatrix}
+0 & 9 & -60 \\
+-9 & 0 & -40 \\
+60 & 40 & 0 \\
+\end{bmatrix}$
+,\\ Matrix product:
+$\begin{bmatrix}
+51 & -127 & 56 \\
+-24 & 49 & -12 \\
+66 & -35 & -100 \\
+\end{bmatrix}$
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Problem 3}
+Solve the set of equations:
+\begin{align*}
+ x + y + 2z -w & = 3\\
+ 2x + 5y - z - 9w & = -3\\
+ 2x + y -z + 3w & = -11 \\
+ x - 3y + 2z + 7w & = -5\\
+\end{align*}
+\inctime{10}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Solution}
+Use \kwrd{solve()}
+\begin{align*}
+ x & = -5\\
+ y & = 2\\
+ z & = 3\\
+ w & = 0\\
+\end{align*}
\end{frame}
\section{Finding Roots}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Roots of $f(x)=0$}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Roots --- values of $x$ satisfying $f(x)=0$
-\item $f(x)=0$ may have real or complex roots
-\item Presently, let's look at real roots
-\end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Roots of $f(x)=0$}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Given function $cosx-x^2$
-\item First we find \alert{a} root in $(-\pi/2, \pi/2)$
-\item Then we find \alert{all} roots in $(-\pi/2, \pi/2)$
-\end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-%% \begin{frame}[fragile]
-%% \frametitle{Fixed Point Method}
-%% \begin{enumerate}
-%% \item Convert $f(x)=0$ to the form $x=g(x)$
-%% \item Start with an initial value of $x$ and iterate successively
-%% \item $x_{n+1}=g(x_n)$ and $x_0$ is our initial guess
-%% \item Iterate until $x_{n+1}-x_n \le tolerance$
-%% \end{enumerate}
-%% \end{frame}
-
-%% \begin{frame}[fragile]
-%% \frametitle{Fixed Point \dots}
-%% \begin{lstlisting}
-%% In []: def our_g(x):
-%% ....: return sqrt(cos(x))
-%% ....:
-%% In []: tolerance = 1e-5
-%% In []: while abs(x1-x0)>tolerance:
-%% ....: x0 = x1
-%% ....: x1 = our_g(x1)
-%% ....:
-%% In []: x0
-%% \end{lstlisting}
-%% \end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Bisection Method}
-\begin{enumerate}
-\item Start with the given interval $(-\pi/2, \pi/2)$ ($(a, b)$)
-\item $f(a)\cdot f(b) < 0$
-\item Bisect the interval. $c = \frac{a+b}{2}$
-\item Change the interval to $(a, c)$ if $f(a)\cdot f(c) < 0$
-\item Else, change the interval to $(c, b)$
-\item Go back to 3 until $(b-a) \le$ tolerance
-\end{enumerate}
-\alert{\typ{tolerance = 1e-5}}
-\end{frame}
-
-%% \begin{frame}[fragile]
-%% \frametitle{Bisection \dots}
-%% \begin{lstlisting}
-%% In []: tolerance = 1e-5
-%% In []: a = -pi/2
-%% In []: b = 0
-%% In []: while b-a > tolerance:
-%% ....: c = (a+b)/2
-%% ....: if our_f(a)*our_f(c) < 0:
-%% ....: b = c
-%% ....: else:
-%% ....: a = c
-%% ....:
-%% \end{lstlisting}
-%% \end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Newton-Raphson Method}
-\begin{enumerate}
-\item Start with an initial guess of x for the root
-\item $\Delta x = -f(x)/f^{'}(x)$
-\item $ x \leftarrow x + \Delta x$
-\item Go back to 2 until $|\Delta x| \le$ tolerance
-\end{enumerate}
-\end{frame}
-
-%% \begin{frame}[fragile]
-%% \frametitle{Newton-Raphson \dots}
-%% \begin{lstlisting}
-%% In []: def our_df(x):
-%% ....: return -sin(x)-2*x
-%% ....:
-%% In []: delx = 10*tolerance
-%% In []: while delx > tolerance:
-%% ....: delx = -our_f(x)/our_df(x)
-%% ....: x = x + delx
-%% ....:
-%% ....:
-%% \end{lstlisting}
-%% \end{frame}
-
-%% \begin{frame}[fragile]
-%% \frametitle{Newton-Raphson \ldots}
-%% \begin{itemize}
-%% \item What if $f^{'}(x) = 0$?
-%% \item Can you write a better version of the Newton-Raphson?
-%% \item What if the differential is not easy to calculate?
-%% \item Look at Secant Method
-%% \end{itemize}
-%% \end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Initial Estimates}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Given an interval
-\item How to find \alert{all} the roots?
-\end{itemize}
-\begin{enumerate}
-\item Check for change of signs of $f(x)$ in the given interval
-\item A root lies in the interval where the sign change occurs
-\end{enumerate}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Initial Estimates \ldots}
-\begin{lstlisting}
- In []: def our_f(x):
- ....: return cos(x)-x**2
- ....:
- In []: x = linspace(-pi/2, pi/2, 11)
-\end{lstlisting}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Get the intervals of x, where sign changes occur
-\end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Initial Estimates \ldots}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: pos = y[:-1]*y[1:] < 0
-In []: rpos = zeros(x.shape, dtype=bool)
-In []: rpos[:-1] = pos
-In []: rpos[1:] += pos
-In []: rts = x[rpos]
-\end{lstlisting}
-Now use Newton-Raphson?
-\end{frame}
-
-
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Scipy Methods - \typ{roots}}
\begin{itemize}
\item Calculates the roots of polynomials
-\item Array of coefficients is the only parameter
\end{itemize}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: coeffs = [1, 6, 13]
@@ -360,29 +307,82 @@
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
+%% \begin{frame}[fragile]
+%% \frametitle{Scipy Methods \dots}
+%% \begin{small}
+%% \begin{lstlisting}
+%% In []: from scipy.optimize import fixed_point
+
+%% In []: from scipy.optimize import bisect
+
+%% In []: from scipy.optimize import newton
+%% \end{lstlisting}
+%% \end{small}
+%% \end{frame}
+
+\section{ODEs}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
-\frametitle{Scipy Methods \dots}
-\begin{small}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: from scipy.optimize import fixed_point
+\frametitle{ODE Integration}
+We shall use the simple ODE of a simple pendulum.
+\begin{equation*}
+\ddot{\theta} = -\frac{g}{L}sin(\theta)
+\end{equation*}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item This equation can be written as a system of two first order ODEs
+\end{itemize}
+\begin{align}
+\dot{\theta} &= \omega \\
+\dot{\omega} &= -\frac{g}{L}sin(\theta) \\
+ \text{At}\ t &= 0 : \nonumber \\
+ \theta = \theta_0(10^o)\quad & \&\quad \omega = 0\ (Initial\ values)\nonumber
+\end{align}
+\end{frame}
-In []: from scipy.optimize import bisect
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Solving ODEs using SciPy}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item We use the \typ{odeint} function from scipy to do the integration
+\item Define a function as below
+\end{itemize}
+\begin{lstlisting}
+In []: def pend_int(initial, t):
+ .... theta, omega = initial
+ .... g, L = -9.81, 0.2
+ .... f=[omega, -(g/L)*sin(theta)]
+ .... return f
+ ....
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
-In []: from scipy.optimize import newton
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Solving ODEs using SciPy \ldots}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \typ{t} is the time variable \\
+\item \typ{initial} has the initial values
+\end{itemize}
+\begin{lstlisting}
+In []: t = linspace(0, 10, 101)
+In []: initial = [10*2*pi/360, 0]
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Solving ODEs using SciPy \ldots}
+%%\begin{small}
+\typ{In []: from scipy.integrate import odeint}
+%%\end{small}
+\begin{lstlisting}
+In []: pend_sol = odeint(pend_int,
+ initial,t)
\end{lstlisting}
-\end{small}
\end{frame}
+
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Things we have learned}
\begin{itemize}
\item Solving ODEs
\item Finding Roots
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Estimating Interval
- \item Newton-Raphson
- \item Scipy methods
- \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/day1quiz1.tex Thu Nov 05 13:51:00 2009 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Tutorial slides on Python.
+%
+% Author: FOSSEE <info at fossee dot in>
+% Copyright (c) 2005-2009, FOSSEE Team
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+\documentclass[14pt,compress]{beamer}
+
+\mode<presentation>
+{
+ \useoutertheme{split}
+ \setbeamercovered{transparent}
+}
+
+\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
+
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=Python,
+ basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+ commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape,
+ stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+ showstringspaces=false,
+ keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+\newcommand{\kwrd}[1]{ \texttt{\textbf{\color{blue}{#1}}} }
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Macros
+
+\newcounter{qno}
+\setcounter{qno}{0}
+\newcommand{\incqno}{\addtocounter{qno}{1}{Question \theqno}}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Title page
+\title[Basic Python]{Python: Quiz}
+
+\author[FOSSEE Team] {FOSSEE}
+
+\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
+\date[] {31, October 2009\\Day 1, Quiz 1}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \titlepage
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \frametitle{Write your details...}
+On the top right hand corner please write down the following:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Name:
+ \item Affliation:
+ \item Occupation:
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+ A sample line from a Comma Separated Values (CSV) file:\\
+ \vspace*{0.2in}
+ \emph{Rossum, Guido, 42, 56, 34, 54}\\
+ \vspace*{0.2in}
+ What method would you use to separate the line into fields?
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+ \begin{lstlisting}
+ In [1]: a = [1, 2, 5, 9]
+ In [2]: a[:-1]
+ \end{lstlisting}
+ What is the output?
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+ How do you combine the two lists \emph{a} and \emph{b}?
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+ \begin{lstlisting}
+ In [1]: d = {
+ 'a': 1,
+ 'b': 2
+ }
+ In [2]: print d['c']
+ \end{lstlisting}
+ What is the output?
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+ \begin{lstlisting}
+ for x in "abcd":
+ print x
+
+ a
+ b
+ c
+ d
+ \end{lstlisting}
+ How do you get the following output?
+ \begin{lstlisting}
+ 0 a
+ 1 b
+ 2 c
+ 3 d
+ \end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+What would be the result?
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ In [1]: x
+ array([[0, 1, 2],
+ [3, 4, 5],
+ [6, 7, 8]])
+ In [2]: x[::-1,:]
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+How to read and print each line of a file.
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+How to get list of third column of a data file.
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+What is the output of:
+\begin{lstlisting}
+In []: x=linspace(0 , 2 * pi)
+In []: plot(x, cos(x),'go')
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+Draw a plot with line width 3.
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+Setting x and y axis limits.
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/day1quiz2.tex Thu Nov 05 13:51:00 2009 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Tutorial slides on Python.
+%
+% Author: FOSSEE <info at fossee dot in>
+% Copyright (c) 2005-2009, FOSSEE Team
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+\documentclass[14pt,compress]{beamer}
+
+\mode<presentation>
+{
+ \useoutertheme{split}
+ \setbeamercovered{transparent}
+}
+
+\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
+
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=Python,
+ basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+ commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape,
+ stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+ showstringspaces=false,
+ keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+\newcommand{\kwrd}[1]{ \texttt{\textbf{\color{blue}{#1}}} }
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Macros
+
+\newcounter{qno}
+\setcounter{qno}{0}
+\newcommand{\incqno}{\addtocounter{qno}{1}{Question \theqno}}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Title page
+\title[Basic Python]{Python: Quiz}
+
+\author[FOSSEE Team] {FOSSEE}
+
+\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
+\date[] {11, October 2009\\Day 2}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \titlepage
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \frametitle{Write your details...}
+On the top right hand corner please write down the following:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Name:
+ \item Affliation:
+ \item Occupation:
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> x = array([[1,2,3,4],[3,4,2,5]])
+ >>> x.shape
+ (2, 4)
+\end{lstlisting}
+Change the shape of \lstinline+x+ to (4,2)
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> x = array([[1,2,3,4]])
+\end{lstlisting}
+How to change the third element of \lstinline+x+ to 0?
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+What would be the result?
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> y = arange(3)
+ >>> x = linspace(0,3,3)
+ >>> x-y
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> x = array([0, 1, 2, 3])
+ >>> x.shape = 2,2
+ >>> x
+ array([[0, 1],
+ [2, 3]])
+ >>> x[::2,::2]
+\end{lstlisting}
+What is the output?
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+What would be the result?
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> x
+ array([[0, 1, 2],
+ [3, 4, 5],
+ [6, 7, 8]])
+ >>> x[::-1,:]
+\end{lstlisting}
+Hint:
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> x = arange(9)
+ >>> x[::-1]
+ array([8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0])
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> x
+ array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3],
+ [ 4, 5, 6, 7],
+ [ 8, 9, 10, 11],
+ [12, 13, 14, 15]])
+\end{lstlisting}
+How will you get the following \lstinline+x+?
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ array([[ 5, 7],
+ [ 9, 11]])
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> x = array(([1,2,3,4],[2,3,4,5]))
+ >>> x[-2][-3] = 4
+ >>> x
+\end{lstlisting}
+What will be printed?
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+What would be the output?
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> y = arange(4)
+ >>> x = array(([1,2,3,2],[1,3,6,0]))
+ >>> x + y
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> line = plot(x, sin(x))
+\end{lstlisting}
+Use the \lstinline+set_linewidth+ method to set width of \lstinline+line+ to 2.
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+What would be the output?
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> x = arange(9)
+ >>> y = arange(9.)
+ >>> x == y
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\end{document}
+
--- a/day2/session3.tex Tue Nov 03 11:13:38 2009 +0530
+++ b/day2/session3.tex Thu Nov 05 13:51:00 2009 +0530
@@ -95,12 +95,12 @@
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Title page
-\title[]{3D data Visualization}
+\title[3D Plotting]{3D data Visualization}
\author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
-\date[] {1, November 2009\\Day 2, Session 3}
+\date[] {1 November, 2009\\Day 2, Session 5}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
@@ -279,10 +279,9 @@
\end{columns}
\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: from numpy import *
In []: t = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50)
In []: u = cos(t) * pi
-in []: x, y, z = sin(u), cos(u), sin(t)
+In []: x, y, z = sin(u), cos(u), sin(t)
\end{lstlisting}
\emphbar{\PythonCode{In []: mlab.points3d(x, y, z)}}
\end{frame}
@@ -319,6 +318,40 @@
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{mgrid}
+ \begin{lstlisting}
+In []: mgrid[0:3,0:3]
+Out[]:
+array([[[0, 0, 0],
+ [1, 1, 1],
+ [2, 2, 2]],
+
+ [[0, 1, 2],
+ [0, 1, 2],
+ [0, 1, 2]]])
+
+In []: mgrid[-1:1:5j]
+Out[]: array([-1., -0.5, 0., 0.5, 1.])
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Example}
+ \begin{lstlisting}
+In []: x, y = mgrid[-1:1:5j, -1:1:5j]
+In []: z = x*x + y*y
+
+In []: z
+Out[]:
+array([[ 2. , 1.25, 1. , 1.25, 2. ],
+ [ 1.25, 0.5 , 0.25, 0.5 , 1.25],
+ [ 1. , 0.25, 0. , 0.25, 1. ],
+ [ 1.25, 0.5 , 0.25, 0.5 , 1.25],
+ [ 2. , 1.25, 1. , 1.25, 2. ]])
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
\myemph{\Large 2D data: \texttt{mlab.mesh}}
\vspace*{0.25in}
@@ -328,7 +361,7 @@
\vspace*{0.25in}
\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: phi, theta = numpy.mgrid[0:pi:20j,
+In []: phi, theta = mgrid[0:pi:20j,
... 0:2*pi:20j]
In []: x = sin(phi)*cos(theta)
In []: y = sin(phi)*sin(theta)
@@ -349,7 +382,7 @@
\pgfimage[width=1.5in]{MEDIA/m2/mlab/contour3d}\\
\end{columns}
\begin{lstlisting}
-In []: x, y, z = ogrid[-5:5:64j,
+In []: x, y, z = mgrid[-5:5:64j,
... -5:5:64j,
... -5:5:64j]
In []: mlab.contour3d(x*x*0.5 + y*y +
--- a/day2/session4.tex Tue Nov 03 11:13:38 2009 +0530
+++ b/day2/session4.tex Thu Nov 05 13:51:00 2009 +0530
@@ -95,14 +95,12 @@
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Title page
-\title[]{Debugging and \\Test Driven Approach}
+\title[Python Development]{Python Development}
\author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
-\date[] {11, October 2009}
-\date[] % (optional)
-
+\date[] {1 November, 2009\\Day 2, Session 3}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%\pgfdeclareimage[height=0.75cm]{iitblogo}{iitblogo}
@@ -142,13 +140,147 @@
\maketitle
\end{frame}
+\section{Tests: Getting started}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{gcd revisited!}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Open gcd.py
+ \end{itemize}
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ def gcd(a, b):
+ if a % b == 0:
+ return b
+ return gcd(b, a%b)
+
+ print gcd(15, 65)
+ print gcd(16, 76)
+\end{lstlisting}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item python gcd.py
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Find lcm using our gcd module}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Open lcm.py
+ \item $lcm = \frac{a*b}{gcd(a,b)}$
+ \end{itemize}
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ from gcd import gcd
+ def lcm(a, b):
+ return (a * b) / gcd(a, b)
+
+ print lcm(14, 56)
+\end{lstlisting}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item python lcm.py
+ \end{itemize}
+ \begin{lstlisting}
+5
+4
+56
+ \end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Writing stand-alone module}
+Edit gcd.py file to:
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ def gcd(a, b):
+ if a % b == 0:
+ return b
+ return gcd(b, a%b)
+
+ if __name__ == "__main__":
+ print gcd(15, 65)
+ print gcd(16, 76)
+\end{lstlisting}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item python gcd.py
+ \item python lcm.py
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{More use of main}
+ For automating tests.
+ \begin{lstlisting}
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+ for line in open('numbers.txt'):
+ numbers = line.split()
+ x = int(numbers[0])
+ y = int(numbers[1])
+ result = (int(numbers[2]))
+ assert gcd(x, y) == result
+ \end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\section{Coding Style}
+\begin{frame}{Readability and Consistency}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Readability Counts!\\Code is read more often than its written.
+ \item Consistency!
+ \item Know when to be inconsistent.
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile] \frametitle{A question of good style}
+ \begin{lstlisting}
+ amount = 12.68
+ denom = 0.05
+ nCoins = round(amount/denom)
+ rAmount = nCoins * denom
+ \end{lstlisting}
+ \pause
+ \begin{block}{Style Rule \#1}
+ Naming is 80\% of programming
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Code Layout}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Indentation
+ \item Tabs or Spaces??
+ \item Maximum Line Length
+ \item Blank Lines
+ \item Encodings
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Whitespaces in Expressions}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item When to use extraneous whitespaces??
+ \item When to avoid extra whitespaces??
+ \item Use one statement per line
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Comments}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item No comments better than contradicting comments
+ \item Block comments
+ \item Inline comments
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Docstrings}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item When to write docstrings?
+ \item Ending the docstrings
+ \item One liner docstrings
+ \end{itemize}
+More information at PEP8: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/
+\inctime{5}
+\end{frame}
\section{Debugging}
\subsection{Errors and Exceptions}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Errors}
\begin{lstlisting}
->>> while True print 'Hello world'
+In []: while True print 'Hello world'
\end{lstlisting}
\pause
\begin{lstlisting}
@@ -162,7 +294,7 @@
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Exceptions}
\begin{lstlisting}
->>> print spam
+In []: print spam
\end{lstlisting}
\pause
\begin{lstlisting}
@@ -175,7 +307,7 @@
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Exceptions}
\begin{lstlisting}
->>> 1 / 0
+In []: 1 / 0
\end{lstlisting}
\pause
\begin{lstlisting}
@@ -186,6 +318,44 @@
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Handling Exceptions}
+ Python uses \typ{try} and \typ{except} clause.
+ %%Revisiting the raw\_input
+ \begin{lstlisting}
+a = raw_input('Enter number(Q to quit):')
+try:
+ num = int(a)
+ print num
+except:
+ if a == 'Q':
+ print 'Exiting...'
+ else:
+ print 'Wrong input!'
+ \end{lstlisting}
+
+
+\end{frame}
+
+%% \begin{frame}[fragile]
+%% \frametitle{Solving it with \typ{try} and \typ{except}}
+%% \vspace{-0.2in}
+%% \begin{lstlisting}
+%% highest = 0
+%% for record in open('sslc1.txt'):
+%% fields = record.split(';')
+%% try:
+%% total = 0
+%% for score_str in fields[3:8]:
+%% score = int(score_str)
+%% total += score
+%% if total > highest:
+%% highest = total
+%% except:
+%% pass
+%% print highest
+%% \end{lstlisting}
+%% \end{frame}
\subsection{Strategy}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Debugging effectively}
@@ -209,8 +379,8 @@
\frametitle{Debugging in IPython}
\small
\begin{lstlisting}
-In [1]: import mymodule
-In [2]: mymodule.test()
+In []: import mymodule
+In []: mymodule.test()
---------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython console> in <module>()
@@ -219,7 +389,7 @@
----> 2 print spam
NameError: global name 'spam' is not defined
-In [3]: %debug
+In []: %debug
> mymodule.py(2)test()
0 print spam
ipdb>
@@ -232,19 +402,21 @@
\frametitle{Debugging: Exercise}
\small
\begin{lstlisting}
-import keyword
-f = open('/path/to/file')
+science = {}
+
+for record in open('sslc1.txt'):
+ fields = record.split(';')
+ region_code = fields[0].strip()
-freq = {}
-for line in f:
- words = line.split()
- for word in words:
- key = word.strip(',.!;?()[]: ')
- if keyword.iskeyword(key):
- value = freq[key]
- freq[key] = value + 1
+ score_str = fields[6].strip()
+ score = int(score_str) if score_str != 'AA'
+ else 0
-print freq
+ if score > 90:
+ science[region_code] += 1
+
+pie(science.values(), labels=science.keys())
+savefig('science.png')
\end{lstlisting}
\inctime{10}
\end{frame}
@@ -263,7 +435,7 @@
\section{Test Driven Approach}
\begin{frame}
- \frametitle{Need of Testing!}
+ \frametitle{Need for Testing!}
\begin{itemize}
\item Quality
@@ -293,17 +465,19 @@
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Test for the palindrome: palindrome.py}
\begin{lstlisting}
-from plaindrome import is_palindrome
def test_function_normal_words():
input = "noon"
assert is_palindrome(input) == True
+
+if __name__ == "main'':
+ test_function_normal_words()
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Running the tests.}
\begin{lstlisting}
-$ nosetests test.py
+$ nosetests palindrome.py
.
----------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 0.001s
@@ -321,7 +495,7 @@
\end{lstlisting}
\vspace*{0.25in}
Check\\
- \PythonCode{$ nosetests test.py} \\
+ \PythonCode{$ nosetests palindrome.py} \\
\begin{block}{Task}
Tweak the code to pass this test.
\end{block}
@@ -347,37 +521,39 @@
%\end{frame}
%
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
- \frametitle{Exercise}
- Based on Euclid's algorithm:
- \begin{center}
- $gcd(a,b)=gcd(b,b\%a)$
- \end{center}
- gcd function can be written as:
- \begin{lstlisting}
- def gcd(a, b):
- if a%b == 0: return b
- return gcd(b, a%b)
- \end{lstlisting}
- \vspace*{-0.15in}
- \begin{block}{Task}
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Write at least
- two tests for above mentioned function.
- \item Write a non recursive implementation
- of gcd(), and test it using already
- written tests.
- \end{itemize}
- \end{block}
+%% \begin{frame}[fragile]
+%% \frametitle{Exercise}
+%% Based on Euclid's algorithm:
+%% \begin{center}
+%% $gcd(a,b)=gcd(b,b\%a)$
+%% \end{center}
+%% gcd function can be written as:
+%% \begin{lstlisting}
+%% def gcd(a, b):
+%% if a%b == 0: return b
+%% return gcd(b, a%b)
+%% \end{lstlisting}
+%% \vspace*{-0.15in}
+%% \begin{block}{Task}
+%% \begin{itemize}
+%% \item Write at least
+%% two tests for above mentioned function.
+%% \item Write a non recursive implementation
+%% of gcd(), and test it using already
+%% written tests.
+%% \end{itemize}
+%% \end{block}
-\inctime{15}
-\end{frame}
+%% \inctime{15}
+%% \end{frame}
\begin{frame}
- \frametitle{We have learned}
+ \frametitle{Summary}
+We have coverd:
\begin{itemize}
\item Following and Resolving Error Messages.
\item Exceptions.
+ \item Handling exceptions
\item Approach for Debugging.
\item Writting and running tests.
\end{itemize}
--- a/day2/session5.tex Tue Nov 03 11:13:38 2009 +0530
+++ b/day2/session5.tex Thu Nov 05 13:51:00 2009 +0530
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
\author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
-\date[] {1, November 2009\\Day 2}
+\date[] {1 November, 2009\\Day 2, Session 4}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%\pgfdeclareimage[height=0.75cm]{iitmlogo}{iitmlogo}
@@ -111,12 +111,13 @@
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Problem 1.1}
- The aliquot of a number is defined as: the sum of the \emph{proper} divisors of the number. For example, aliquot(12) = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 = 16.\\
+ The aliquot of a number is defined as: the sum of the \emph{proper} divisors of the number. \\For example:
+\center{aliquot(12) = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 = 16.}\\
Write a function that returns the aliquot number of a given number.
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Problem 1.2}
- A pair of numbers (a, b) is said to be \alert{amicable} if the aliquot number of a is b and the aliquot number of b is a.\\
+ Pair of numbers (a, b) is said to be \alert{amicable} if aliquot number of a is b and aliquot number of b is a.\\
Example: \texttt{220, 284}\\
Write a program that prints all four digit amicable pairs.
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/day2quiz2.tex Thu Nov 05 13:51:00 2009 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Tutorial slides on Python.
+%
+% Author: FOSSEE <info at fossee dot in>
+% Copyright (c) 2005-2009, FOSSEE Team
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+\documentclass[14pt,compress]{beamer}
+
+\mode<presentation>
+{
+ \useoutertheme{split}
+ \setbeamercovered{transparent}
+}
+
+\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
+
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=Python,
+ basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+ commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape,
+ stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+ showstringspaces=false,
+ keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+\newcommand{\kwrd}[1]{ \texttt{\textbf{\color{blue}{#1}}} }
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Macros
+
+\newcounter{qno}
+\setcounter{qno}{0}
+\newcommand{\incqno}{\addtocounter{qno}{1}{Question \theqno}}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Title page
+\title[Basic Python]{Python: Quiz}
+
+\author[FOSSEE Team] {FOSSEE}
+
+\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
+\date[] {11, October 2009\\Day 2}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \titlepage
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \frametitle{Write your details...}
+On the top right hand corner please write down the following:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Name:
+ \item Affliation:
+ \item Occupation:
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> x = array([[1,2,3,4],[3,4,2,5]])
+ >>> x.shape
+ (2, 4)
+\end{lstlisting}
+Change the shape of \lstinline+x+ to (4,2)
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> x = array([[1,2,3,4]])
+\end{lstlisting}
+How to change the third element of \lstinline+x+ to 0?
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+What would be the result?
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> y = arange(3)
+ >>> x = linspace(0,3,3)
+ >>> x-y
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> x = array([0, 1, 2, 3])
+ >>> x.shape = 2,2
+ >>> x
+ array([[0, 1],
+ [2, 3]])
+ >>> x[::2,::2]
+\end{lstlisting}
+What is the output?
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+What would be the result?
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> x
+ array([[0, 1, 2],
+ [3, 4, 5],
+ [6, 7, 8]])
+ >>> x[::-1,:]
+\end{lstlisting}
+Hint:
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> x = arange(9)
+ >>> x[::-1]
+ array([8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0])
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> x
+ array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3],
+ [ 4, 5, 6, 7],
+ [ 8, 9, 10, 11],
+ [12, 13, 14, 15]])
+\end{lstlisting}
+How will you get the following \lstinline+x+?
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ array([[ 5, 7],
+ [ 9, 11]])
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> x = array(([1,2,3,4],[2,3,4,5]))
+ >>> x[-2][-3] = 4
+ >>> x
+\end{lstlisting}
+What will be printed?
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+What would be the output?
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> y = arange(4)
+ >>> x = array(([1,2,3,2],[1,3,6,0]))
+ >>> x + y
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> line = plot(x, sin(x))
+\end{lstlisting}
+Use the \lstinline+set_linewidth+ method to set width of \lstinline+line+ to 2.
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\incqno }
+What would be the output?
+\begin{lstlisting}
+ >>> x = arange(9)
+ >>> y = arange(9.)
+ >>> x == y
+\end{lstlisting}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\end{document}
+