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%Tutorial slides on Python.

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% Author: FOSSEE 

% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay

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% Taken from Fernando's slides.

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\usepackage{listings}

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% Title page

\title[Basic Python]{Python language: Data structures and functions}

\author[FOSSEE Team] {The FOSSEE Group}

\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}

\date[] {SciPy.in 2010, Tutorials}

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%\pgfdeclareimage[height=0.75cm]{iitmlogo}{iitmlogo}

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%% Delete this, if you do not want the table of contents to pop up at

%% the beginning of each subsection:

\AtBeginSubsection[]

{

  \begin{frame}<beamer>

    \frametitle{Outline}

    \tableofcontents[currentsection,currentsubsection]

  \end{frame}

}

\AtBeginSection[]

{

  \begin{frame}<beamer>

    \frametitle{Outline}

    \tableofcontents[currentsection,currentsubsection]

  \end{frame}

}

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% DOCUMENT STARTS

\begin{document}

\begin{frame}

  \titlepage

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}

  \frametitle{Outline}

  \tableofcontents

  % You might wish to add the option [pausesections]

\end{frame}

\section{Data structures}

\subsection{Lists}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

  \frametitle{Lists}

\begin{block}{We already know that}

  \begin{lstlisting}

num = [1, 2, 3, 4]

  \end{lstlisting}

is a list

\end{block}

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

  \frametitle{Lists: methods}

  \begin{lstlisting}

In []: num = [9, 8, 2, 3, 7]

In []: num + [4, 5, 6]

Out[]: [9, 8, 2, 3, 7, 4, 5, 6]

In []: num.append([4, 5, 6])

In []: num

Out[]: [9, 8, 2, 3, 7, [4, 5, 6]]

  \end{lstlisting}

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

  \frametitle{Lists: methods}

  \begin{lstlisting}

In []: num = [9, 8, 2, 3, 7]

In []: num.extend([4, 5, 6])

In []: num

Out[]: [9, 8, 2, 3, 7, 4, 5, 6]

In []: num.reverse()

In []: num

Out[]: [6, 5, 4, 7, 3, 2, 8, 9]

In []: num.remove(6)

In []: num

  \end{lstlisting}

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

\frametitle{List containership}

\emphbar{Recall \typ{num} is \typ{[9, 8, 2, 3, 7]}}

\begin{lstlisting}

In []: 4 in num

Out[]: False

In []: b = 8

In []: b in num

Out[]: True

In []: b not in num

Out[]: False

\end{lstlisting}

\end{frame}

\subsection{Tuples}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

\frametitle{Tuples: Immutable lists}

\begin{lstlisting}

In []: t = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)

In []: t[0] + t[3] + t[-1]

Out[]: 13

In []: t[4] = 7 

\end{lstlisting}

\pause

\begin{block}{Note:}

\begin{itemize}

  \item Tuples are immutable - cannot be changed

\end{itemize}

\end{block}

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}

  {A classic problem}

  \begin{block}

    {Interchange values}

    How to interchange values of two variables? 

  \end{block}

  \pause

  \begin{block}{Note:}

    This Python idiom works for all types of variables.\\

They need not be of the same type!

  \end{block}

\end{frame}

\subsection{Dictionaries}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

  \frametitle{Dictionaries: Introduction}

  \begin{itemize}

    \item Lists index using integers\\

Recall \typ{p = [2, 3, 5, 7]} and\\

\typ{p[1]} is equal to \typ{3}

    \item Dictionaries index using strings

  \end{itemize}

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

  \frametitle{Dictionaries \ldots}

  \begin{lstlisting}

In []: d = {'png' : 'image file',

      'txt' : 'text file', 

      'py' : 'python code',

      'java': 'bad code', 

      'cpp': 'complex code'}

In []: d['txt']

Out[]: 'text file'

  \end{lstlisting}

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

  \frametitle{Dictionaries \ldots}

  \begin{lstlisting}

In []: 'py' in d

Out[]: True

In []: 'jpg' in d

Out[]: False

  \end{lstlisting}

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

  \frametitle{Dictionaries \ldots}

  \begin{small}

    \begin{lstlisting}

In []: d.keys()

Out[]: ['cpp', 'py', 'txt', 'java', 'png']

In []: d.values()

Out[]: ['complex code', 'python code',

        'text file', 'bad code', 

        'image file']

    \end{lstlisting}

  \end{small}

%%  \inctime{10}

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

  \frametitle{Inserting elements into dictionary}

  \emphbar{\alert{\typ{d[key] = value}}}

  \begin{lstlisting}

In []: d['bin'] = 'binary file'

In []: d

Out[]: 

{'bin': 'binary file',

 'cpp': 'complex code',

 'java': 'bad code',

 'png': 'image file',

 'py': 'python code',

 'txt': 'text file'}

  \end{lstlisting}

  \emphbar{\alert{Duplicate keys are overwritten!}}

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

  \frametitle{Dictionaries: containership}

  \begin{lstlisting}

In []: 'bin' in d

Out[]: True

In []: 'hs' in d

Out[]: False

  \end{lstlisting}

  \begin{block}{Note}

    \begin{itemize}

      \item We can check for the containership of keys only

      \item Not values

    \end{itemize}

  \end{block}

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

  \frametitle{Dictionaries: methods}

  \begin{lstlisting}

In []: d.keys()

Out[]: ['bin', 'java', 'py', 'cpp', 'txt', 'png']

In []: d.values()

Out[]: 

['binary file',

 'bad code',

 'python code',

 'complex code',

 'text file',

 'image file']

  \end{lstlisting}

\end{frame}

\begin{frame} {Problem Set 2.1: Problem 2.1.1}

You are given date strings of the form ``29 Jul, 2009'', or ``4 January 2008''. In other words a number, a string and another number, with a comma sometimes separating the items.\\Write a program that takes such a string as input and prints a tuple (yyyy, mm, dd) where all three elements are ints.

\end{frame}

\subsection{Sets}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

  \frametitle{Sets}

    \begin{itemize}

      \item Simplest container, mutable

      \item No ordering, no duplicates

      \item usual suspects: union, intersection, subset \ldots

      \item >, >=, <, <=, in, \ldots

    \end{itemize}

    \begin{lstlisting}

In []: f10 = set([1,2,3,5,8])

In []: p10 = set([2,3,5,7])

In []: f10 | p10

Out[]: set([1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8])

\end{lstlisting}

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

  \frametitle{Set \ldots}

    \begin{lstlisting}

In []: f10 & p10

Out[]: set([2, 3, 5])

In []: f10 - p10

Out[]: set([1, 8])

In []: p10 - f10, f10 ^ p10

Out[]: (set([7]), set([1, 7, 8]))

In []: set([2,3]) < p10

Out[]: True

\end{lstlisting}

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

  \frametitle{Set \ldots}

    \begin{lstlisting}

In []: set([2,3]) <= p10

Out[]: True

In []: 2 in p10

Out[]: True

In []: 4 in p10

Out[]: False

In []: len(f10)

Out[]: 5

\end{lstlisting}

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}

  \frametitle{Problem set 2.2: Problem 2.2.1}

Given a dictionary of the names of students and their marks, identify how many duplicate marks are there? and what are these?

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}

  \frametitle{Problem 2.2.2}

Given a list of words, find all the anagrams in the list.

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}

  \frametitle{What did we learn?}

  \begin{itemize}

    \item Advanced Data structures:

    \begin{itemize}

      \item Lists

      \item Tuples

      \item Dictionaries

      \item Sets

    \end{itemize}

  \end{itemize}

\end{frame}

\end{document}

%% Questions for Quiz %%

%% ------------------ %%

\begin{frame}

    \frametitle{\incqno}

  How do you find the presence of an element \emph{x} in the list \emph{a}?

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

    \frametitle{\incqno}

  \begin{lstlisting}

In []: set([1, 2, 8, 2, 13, 8, 9])

  \end{lstlisting}

  What is the output?

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

    \frametitle{\incqno}

  \begin{lstlisting}

In []: a = {'a': 1, 'b': 2} 

In []: a['a'] = 10

In []: print a

  \end{lstlisting}

  What is the output?

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

    \frametitle{\incqno}

  \begin{lstlisting}

In []: for i in range(3, 10, 2):

  ...:     print i

  \end{lstlisting}

  What is the output?

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

    \frametitle{\incqno}

  \begin{lstlisting}

In []: a = [1, 2, 3] 

In []: a.extend([5, 6])

  \end{lstlisting}

  What is the value of a?

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

    \frametitle{\incqno}

  \begin{lstlisting}

In []: a = (1, 2, 3)

In []: a[1] = 10

  \end{lstlisting}

  What is the result?

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]

    \frametitle{\incqno}

  \begin{lstlisting}

def func(x, y=10):

    print x+1, y+10

func(1)

  \end{lstlisting}

  What is the output?

\end{frame}