day2/session2.tex
author Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
Wed, 18 Nov 2009 18:37:15 +0530
changeset 313 f5bcb974a665
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permissions -rw-r--r--
Initial changes to cheat sheet for session 2.
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%Tutorial slides on Python.
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%
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% Author: FOSSEE 
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% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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\documentclass[14pt,compress]{beamer}
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%\documentclass[draft]{beamer}
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%\documentclass[compress,handout]{beamer}
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%\usepackage{pgfpages} 
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%\pgfpagesuselayout{2 on 1}[a4paper,border shrink=5mm]
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% Modified from: generic-ornate-15min-45min.de.tex
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\mode<presentation>
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{
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  \usetheme{Warsaw}
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  \useoutertheme{infolines}
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  \setbeamercovered{transparent}
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}
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\usepackage[english]{babel}
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\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
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%\usepackage{times}
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\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
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% Taken from Fernando's slides.
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\usepackage{ae,aecompl}
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\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler}
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\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
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\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
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\usepackage{listings}
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\lstset{language=Python,
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    basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
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    commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape,
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  stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
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  showstringspaces=false,
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  keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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% Macros
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\setbeamercolor{emphbar}{bg=blue!20, fg=black}
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\newcommand{\emphbar}[1]
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{\begin{beamercolorbox}[rounded=true]{emphbar} 
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      {#1}
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 \end{beamercolorbox}
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}
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\newcounter{time}
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\setcounter{time}{0}
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\newcommand{\inctime}[1]{\addtocounter{time}{#1}{\tiny \thetime\ m}}
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\newcommand{\typ}[1]{\lstinline{#1}}
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\newcommand{\kwrd}[1]{ \texttt{\textbf{\color{blue}{#1}}}  }
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%%% This is from Fernando's setup.
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% \usepackage{color}
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% \definecolor{orange}{cmyk}{0,0.4,0.8,0.2}
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% % Use and configure listings package for nicely formatted code
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% \usepackage{listings}
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% \lstset{
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%    language=Python,
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%    basicstyle=\small\ttfamily,
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%    commentstyle=\ttfamily\color{blue},
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%    stringstyle=\ttfamily\color{orange},
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%    showstringspaces=false,
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%    breaklines=true,
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%    postbreak = \space\dots
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% }
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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% Title page
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\title[Basic Python]{Python language: Data structures and functions}
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\author[FOSSEE Team] {The FOSSEE Group}
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\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
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\date[] {8 November, 2009\\Day 2, Session 2}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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%\pgfdeclareimage[height=0.75cm]{iitmlogo}{iitmlogo}
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%\logo{\pgfuseimage{iitmlogo}}
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%% Delete this, if you do not want the table of contents to pop up at
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%% the beginning of each subsection:
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\AtBeginSubsection[]
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{
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  \begin{frame}<beamer>
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    \frametitle{Outline}
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    \tableofcontents[currentsection,currentsubsection]
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  \end{frame}
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}
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\AtBeginSection[]
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{
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  \begin{frame}<beamer>
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    \frametitle{Outline}
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    \tableofcontents[currentsection,currentsubsection]
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  \end{frame}
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}
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% If you wish to uncover everything in a step-wise fashion, uncomment
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% the following command: 
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%\beamerdefaultoverlayspecification{<+->}
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%\includeonlyframes{current,current1,current2,current3,current4,current5,current6}
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%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
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% DOCUMENT STARTS
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\begin{document}
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\begin{frame}
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  \titlepage
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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  \frametitle{Outline}
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  \tableofcontents
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  % You might wish to add the option [pausesections]
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\end{frame}
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\section{Control flow}
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\subsection{Basic Looping}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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  \frametitle{\typ{while}}
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\begin{block}{Example: Fibonacci series}
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  Sum of previous two elements defines the next
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\end{block}
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  \begin{lstlisting}
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In []: a, b = 0, 1
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In []: while b < 10:
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  ...:     print b,
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  ...:     a, b = b, a + b
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  ...:
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  ...:
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\end{lstlisting}
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\typ{1 1 2 3 5 8}\\
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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\frametitle{\typ{range()}}
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\kwrd{range([start,] stop[, step])}\\
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\begin{itemize}
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  \item \typ{range()} returns a list of integers
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  \item The \typ{start} and the \typ{step} arguments are optional
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  \item \typ{stop} is not included in the list
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\end{itemize}
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\vspace*{.5in}
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\begin{block}{Documentation convention}
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  \begin{itemize}
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    \item \alert{Anything within \typ{[]} is optional}
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    \begin{itemize}
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      \item Nothing to do with Python.
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    \end{itemize}
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  \end{itemize}
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\end{block}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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  \frametitle{\texttt{for} \ldots \typ{range()}}
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Example: print squares of first \typ{5} numbers
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  \begin{lstlisting}
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In []: for i in range(5):
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 ....:     print i, i * i
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 ....:
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 ....:
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0 0
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1 1
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2 4
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3 9
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4 16
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\end{lstlisting}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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  \frametitle{\texttt{for} \ldots \typ{range()}}
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Example: print squares of odd numbers from 3 to 9
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  \begin{lstlisting}
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In []: for i in range(3, 10, 2):
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 ....:     print i, i * i
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 ....:
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 ....:
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3 9
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5 25
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7 49
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9 81
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\end{lstlisting}
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\inctime{5}
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\end{frame}
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\subsection{Exercises}
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\begin{frame}{Problem set 1: Problem 1.1}
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  Write a program that displays all three digit numbers that are equal to the sum of the cubes of their digits. That is, print numbers $abc$ that have the property $abc = a^3 + b^3 + c^3$\\
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\vspace*{0.2in}
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\emphbar{These are called $Armstrong$ numbers.}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}{Problem 1.2 - Collatz sequence}
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\begin{enumerate}
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  \item Start with an arbitrary (positive) integer. 
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  \item If the number is even, divide by 2; if the number is odd, multiply by 3 and add 1.
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  \item Repeat the procedure with the new number.
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  \item It appears that for all starting values there is a cycle of 4, 2, 1 at which the procedure loops.
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\end{enumerate}
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    Write a program that accepts the starting value and prints out the Collatz sequence.
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]{Problem 1.3}
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  Write a program that prints the following pyramid on the screen. 
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  \begin{lstlisting}
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1
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2  2
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3  3  3
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4  4  4  4
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  \end{lstlisting}
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The number of lines must be obtained from the user.\\
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\pause
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\emphbar{When can your code fail?}
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\inctime{5}
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\end{frame}
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\section{Data structures}
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\subsection{Lists}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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  \frametitle{Lists}
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\begin{block}{We already know that}
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  \begin{lstlisting}
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num = [1, 2, 3, 4]
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  \end{lstlisting}
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\centerline{is a list}
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\end{block}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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  \frametitle{Lists: methods}
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  \begin{lstlisting}
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In []: num = [1, 2, 3, 4]
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In []: num + [9, 10, 11]
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Out[]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11]
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288
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In []: num.append([9, 10, 11])
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In []: num
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Out[]: [1, 2, 3, 4, [9, 10, 11]]
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  \end{lstlisting}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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  \frametitle{Lists: methods}
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  \begin{lstlisting}
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In []: num = [1, 2, 3, 4]
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In []: num.extend([5, 6, 7])
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In []: num
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Out[]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
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In []: num.reverse()
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In []: num
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Out[]: [7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
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In []: num.remove(6)
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  \end{lstlisting}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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  \frametitle{Lists: slicing}
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  \begin{itemize}
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    \item \typ{list[initial:final]}
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  \end{itemize}
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\begin{lstlisting}
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In []: a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
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In []: a[1:3]
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Out[]: [2, 3]
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In []: a[1:-1]
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Out[]: [2, 3, 4]
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In []: a[:3]
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Out[]: [1, 2, 3]
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\end{lstlisting}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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  \frametitle{Lists: slicing}
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  \begin{itemize}
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    \item \typ{list[initial:final:step]}
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  \end{itemize}
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\begin{lstlisting}
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In []: a[1:-1:2]
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Out[]: [2, 4]
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In []: a[::2]
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Out[]: [1, 3, 5]
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In []: a[-1::-1]
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Out[]: [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
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\end{lstlisting}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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\frametitle{List containership}
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\begin{lstlisting}
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In []: 4 in num
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Out[]: True
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In []: b = 15
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In []: b in num
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Out[]: False
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In []: b not in num
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Out[]: True
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\end{lstlisting}
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\end{frame}
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\subsection{Tuples}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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\frametitle{Tuples: Immutable lists}
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\begin{lstlisting}
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In []: t = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
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In []: t[0] + t[3] + t[-1]
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Out[]: 13
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In []: t[4] = 7 
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\end{lstlisting}
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\pause
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\begin{block}{Note:}
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\begin{itemize}
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  \item Tuples are immutable - cannot be changed
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\end{itemize}
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\end{block}
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  \inctime{10}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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  {A classic problem}
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  \begin{block}
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    {Interchange values}
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    How to interchange values of two variables? 
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  \end{block}
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  \pause
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  \begin{block}{Note:}
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    This Python idiom works for all types of variables.\\
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They need not be of the same type!
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  \end{block}
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\end{frame}
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\subsection{Dictionaries}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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  \frametitle{Dictionaries: recall}
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  \begin{lstlisting}
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In []: player = {'Mat': 134,'Inn': 233,
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          'Runs': 10823, 'Avg': 52.53}
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In []: player['Avg']
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Out[]: 52.530000000000001
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  \end{lstlisting}
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  \begin{block}{Note!}
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    Duplicate keys $\Rightarrow$ overwritten!\\
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    You can iterate through a dictionary using keys.
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  \end{block}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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  \frametitle{Dictionaries: containership}
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  \begin{lstlisting}
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In []: 'Inn' in player
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Out[]: True
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In []: 'Econ' in player
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Out[]: False
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  \end{lstlisting}
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  \begin{block}{Note}
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    \begin{itemize}
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      \item We can check for the containership of keys only
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      \item Not values
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    \end{itemize}
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  \end{block}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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  \frametitle{Dictionaries: methods}
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  \begin{lstlisting}
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In []: player.keys()
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Out[]: ['Runs', 'Inn', 'Avg', 'Mat']
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In []: player.values()
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   396
Out[]: [10823, 233, 
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   397
        52.530000000000001, 134]
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  \end{lstlisting}
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\end{frame}
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   400
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\begin{frame} {Problem Set 2.1: Problem 2.1.1}
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You are given date strings of the form ``29 Jul, 2009'', or ``4 January 2008''. In other words a number, a string and another number, with a comma sometimes separating the items.\\Write a function that takes such a string and returns a tuple (yyyy, mm, dd) where all three elements are ints.
228
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\end{frame}
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   404
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\subsection{Sets}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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  \frametitle{Sets}
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    \begin{itemize}
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parents:
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   409
      \item Simplest container, mutable
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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parents:
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   410
      \item No ordering, no duplicates
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   411
      \item usual suspects: union, intersection, subset \ldots
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parents:
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   412
      \item >, >=, <, <=, in, \ldots
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    \end{itemize}
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    \begin{lstlisting}
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   415
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   416
In []: f10 = set([1,2,3,5,8])
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   417
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   418
In []: p10 = set([2,3,5,7])
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   419
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   420
In []: f10 | p10
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   421
Out[]: set([1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8])
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\end{lstlisting}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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  \frametitle{Set \ldots}
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    \begin{lstlisting}
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   428
In []: f10 & p10
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   429
Out[]: set([2, 3, 5])
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   430
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   431
In []: f10 - p10
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   432
Out[]: set([1, 8])
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   433
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   434
In []: p10 - f10, f10 ^ p10
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   435
Out[]: (set([7]), set([1, 7, 8]))
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   436
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   437
In []: set([2,3]) < p10
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   438
Out[]: True
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   439
\end{lstlisting}
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   440
\end{frame}
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   441
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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  \frametitle{Set \ldots}
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    \begin{lstlisting}
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In []: set([2,3]) <= p10
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   446
Out[]: True
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   447
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   448
In []: 2 in p10
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   449
Out[]: True
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   450
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   451
In []: 4 in p10
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   452
Out[]: False
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   453
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   454
In []: len(f10)
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   455
Out[]: 5
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\end{lstlisting}
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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\end{frame}
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238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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\begin{frame}
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  \frametitle{Problem set 2.2: Problem 2.2.1}
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   461
Given a dictionary of the names of students and their marks, identify how many duplicate marks are there? and what are these?
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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  \frametitle{Problem 2.2.2}
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Given a list of words, find all the anagrams in the list.
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   467
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\inctime{15}
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   469
\end{frame}
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   470
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   471
\section{Functions}
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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  \frametitle{Functions}
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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parents:
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   474
  \begin{itemize}
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
Madhusudan.C.S <madhusudancs@gmail.com>
parents:
diff changeset
   475
    \item \kwrd{def} - keyword to define a function
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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parents:
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   476
    \item Arguments are local to a function
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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parents:
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   477
    \item Functions can return multiple values
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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parents:
diff changeset
   478
  \end{itemize}
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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  \frametitle{Functions: example}
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parents:
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  \begin{lstlisting}
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def signum( r ):
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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parents:
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    """returns 0 if r is zero
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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   486
    -1 if r is negative
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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parents:
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   487
    +1 if r is positive"""
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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   488
    if r < 0:
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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parents:
diff changeset
   489
        return -1
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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parents:
diff changeset
   490
    elif r > 0:
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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parents:
diff changeset
   491
        return 1
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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   492
    else:
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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parents:
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   493
        return 0
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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parents:
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   494
  \end{lstlisting}
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  \emphbar{Note docstrings}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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  \frametitle {What does this function do?}
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  \begin{lstlisting}
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   501
def what( n ):
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    if n < 0: n = -n
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    while n > 0:
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   504
        if n % 2 == 1:
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   505
            return False
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   506
        n /= 10
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   507
    return True
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   508
  \end{lstlisting}
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   509
\end{frame} 
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   510
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\begin{frame}[fragile]
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  {What does this function do?}
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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   513
\begin{lstlisting}
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   514
def what( n ):
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parents:
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   515
    i = 1
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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   516
    while i * i < n:
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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parents:
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   517
        i += 1
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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parents:
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   518
    return i * i == n, i
238f3010c981 Created and made first cut slides for session 2 day 2.
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  \end{lstlisting}
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\end{frame}
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\begin{frame}
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  \frametitle{What did we learn?}
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  \begin{itemize}
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    \item Loops: \kwrd{while}, \kwrd{for}
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    \item Advanced Data structures:
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    \begin{itemize}
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      \item Lists
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      \item Tuples
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parents: 288
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      \item Dictionaries
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      \item Sets
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    \end{itemize}
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    \item Functions
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    \item Docstrings
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  \end{itemize}
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\end{frame}
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\end{document}