* Data Types

*** Outline

***** Introduction

******* What are we going to do?

******* How are we going to do?

******* Arsenal Required

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*** Script

    Welcome friends. 

    In this tutorial we shall look at data types available in Python and 

    how to perform simple Input and Output operations. 

    for 'Numbers' we have: int, float, complex datatypes

    for Text content we have strings.

    For conditional statements, 'Booleans'.

    Now we shall look at Python Strings.

    In python anything enclosed inside quotes(single or double) is a string

    so 

    a = 'This is a string'

    print a

    b = "This too!"

    print b

    c = '''This one too!'''

    print c

    d = """And one more."""

    print d

    Similar to lists we covered earlier even string elements can be accessed 

    via index numbers starting from 0

    print a[0]    

    print a[5]

    will 

    To access last element we can use a[-1] which is one of Pythons feature.

    print a[-1]

    len function works with the strings also as it does with the arrays and 

    returns length of the string.

    One thing to notice about the string variables is that they are 

    immutable, that is

    a[0] = 't'

    will throw an error

    Some of methods available for string are:

    a.startswith('Thi')

    returns true if initial of the string is same

    similarly there is endswith

    a.endswith('ING')

    a.upper() returns a string with all letters capitalized.

    and a.lower() returns a string with all smaller case letters.

    As we have seen earlier use of split function, it returns the list after

    splitting the string, so

    a.split()

    will give list with three elements.

    we also have 'join' function, which does the opposite of what

    split does. 

    ''.join(['a','b','c']) will return a joined string of the list we pass

    to it. Since join is performed on '' that is empty string we get 'abc'

    if we do something like

    '-'.join(['a','b','c'])

    we come to the end of this tutorial on introduction of Data types in

    Python. In this tutorial we have learnt what are supported data types, 

    supported operations and performing simple IO operations in Python.

*** Notes