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* Data Types
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*** Outline
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***** Introduction
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******* What are we going to do?
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******* How are we going to do?
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******* Arsenal Required
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********* None
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*** Script
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Welcome friends.
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In this tutorial we shall look at data types available in Python and
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how to perform simple Input and Output operations.
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for dealing with 'Numbers' we have: int, float, complex
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'Strings' are there for handling Text content.
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For conditional statements 'Booleans' are supported.
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Lets start by covering one by one, firstly 'numbers'
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All integer numbers irrespective of how big they are, are of 'int'
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data type
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Lets get started by opening IPython interpreter. Now we will create
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some variables say:
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a = 13
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print a
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To check the data type of any variable Python provides 'type' function
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type(a)
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b = 999999999999
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print b
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Floating point numbers comes under 'float'
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p = 3.141592
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type(p)
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Python by default provides support to complex numbers.
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c = 3+4j
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c is a complex number. 'j' is used to specify the imaginary part.
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type(c)
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Python also provides basic functions for their manipulations like
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abs(c) will return the absolute value of c(sqrt(a^2 + b^2))
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c.imag returns imaginary part of the variable
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and similarly c.real gives real part.
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Next we will look at Boolean data types:
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Its a primitive datatype having one of two values: True or False.
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t = True
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print t
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Python is case sensitive language, so True with 'T' is boolean type but
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true with 't' would be a variable.
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f = not True
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we can do binary operation like 'or' and 'not' with these variables
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f or t
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f and t
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in case of multiple binary operations to make sure of precedence use
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'brackets ()'
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a = False
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b = True
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c = True
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(a and b) or c
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True
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first a and b is evaluated and then the 'or' statement
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a and (b or c)
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False
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Now we shall look at Python Strings.
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In python anything enclosed inside quotes(single or double) is a string
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so
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a = 'This is a string'
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print a
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b = "This too!"
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print b
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c = '''This one too!'''
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print c
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d = """And one more."""
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print d
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Similar to lists we covered earlier even string elements can be accessed
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via index numbers starting from 0
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print a[0]
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print a[5]
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will
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To access last element we can use a[-1] which is one of Pythons feature.
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print a[-1]
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len function works with the strings also as it does with the arrays and
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returns length of the string.
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One thing to notice about the string variables is that they are
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immutable, that is
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a[0] = 't'
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will throw an error
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Some of methods available for string are:
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a.startswith('Thi')
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returns true if initial of the string is same
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similarly there is endswith
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a.endswith('ING')
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a.upper() returns a string will all letters capitalized.
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and a.lower() returns a string with all smaller case letters.
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As we have seen earlier use of split function, it returns the list after
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splitting the string, so
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a.split()
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will give list with three elements.
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Opposite to this function, we also have 'join' function.
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''.join(['a','b','c']) will return a joined string of the list we pass
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to it. Since join is performed on '' that is empty string we get 'abc'
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if we do something like
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'-'.join(['a','b','c'])
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Thus we come to the end of this tutorial on introduction of Data types in
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Python. In this tutorial we have learnt what are supported data types,
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supported operations and performing simple IO operations in Python.
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*** Notes
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