loading-data-from-files/script.rst
author anand
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.. Objectives
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.. ----------
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.. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to
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.. + Read data from files, containing a single column of data using the
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..   ``loadtxt`` command.
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.. + Read multiple columns of data, separated by spaces or other
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..   delimiters.
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.. Prerequisites
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.. -------------
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.. 1. getting started with ``ipython``
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.. #[Anand: author and internal reviewer  not mentioned]
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.. Author              : Puneeth Changanti
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   Internal Reviewer   : Nishanth Amuluru
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   External Reviewer   :
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   Language Reviewer   : Bhanukiran
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   Checklist OK?       : <06-11-2010 Anand, OK> [2010-10-05]
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Script
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------
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{{{ Show the slide containing title }}}
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Hello Friends. Welcome to this tutorial on loading data from files.
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{{{ Screen shows welcome slide }}}
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We often require to plot points obtained from experimental
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observations. In this tutorial we shall learn to read data from files
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and save it into sequences that can later be used to plot.
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{{{ Show the outline for this tutorial }}} 
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We shall use the ``loadtxt`` command to load data from files. We will
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be looking at how to read a file with multiple columns of data and
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load each column of data into a sequence. 
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{{{ switch back to the terminal }}}
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As usual, let us start IPython, using 
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::
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  ipython -pylab 
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Now, Let us begin with reading the file primes.txt, which contains
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just a list of primes listed in a column, using the loadtxt command.
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The file, in our case, is present in ``/home/fossee/primes.txt``. 
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{{{ Navigate to the path in the OS, open the file and show it }}}
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.. #[punch: do we need a slide for showing the path?]
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.. We use the ``cat`` command to see the contents of this file. 
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.. #[punch: should we show the cat command here? seems like a good place
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   to do it] ::
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     cat /home/fossee/primes.txt
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.. #[Nishanth]: A problem for windows users.
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                Should we simply open the file and show them the data
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                so that we can be fine with GNU/Linux ;) and windows?
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Now let us read this list into the variable ``primes``.
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::
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  primes = loadtxt('/home/fossee/primes.txt')
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``primes`` is now a sequence of primes, that was listed in the file,
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``primes.txt``.
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We now type, ``print primes`` to see the sequence printed.
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We observe that all of the numbers end with a period. This is so,
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because these numbers are actually read as ``floats``. We shall learn
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about them, later.
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Now, let us use the ``loadtxt`` command to read a file that contains
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two columns of data, ``pendulum.txt``. This file contains the length
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of the pendulum in the first column and the corresponding time period
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in the second. Note that ``loadtxt`` needs both the columns to have
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equal number of rows. 
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.. Following is an exercise that you must do. 
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.. %%1%% Use the ``cat`` command to view the contents of this file.
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.. Please, pause the video here. Do the exercise and then continue. 
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.. This is how we look at the contents of the file, ``pendulum.txt``
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.. ::
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..   cat /home/fossee/pendulum.txt
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.. #[Nishanth]: The first column is L values and second is T values
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                from a simple pendulum experiment.
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                Since you are using the variable names later in the
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                script.
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                Not necessary but can be included also.
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Let us, now, read the data into the variable ``pend``. Again, it is
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assumed that the file is in ``/home/fossee/``
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::
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  pend = loadtxt('/home/fossee/pendulum.txt')
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Let us now print the variable ``pend`` and see what's in it. 
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::
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  print pend
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Notice that ``pend`` is not a simple sequence like ``primes``. It has
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two sequences, containing both the columns of the data file. Let us
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use an additional argument of the ``loadtxt`` command, to read it into
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two separate, simple sequences.
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::
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  L, T = loadtxt('/home/fossee/pendulum.txt', unpack=True)
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.. #[Nishanth]: It has a sequence of items in which each item contains
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                two values. first is l and second is t
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Let us now, print the variables L and T, to see what they contain.
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::
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  print L
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  print T
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.. #[Nishanth]: Stress on ``unpack=True`` ??
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Notice, that L and T now contain the first and second columns of data
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from the data file, ``pendulum.txt``, and they are both simple
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sequences. ``unpack=True`` has given us the two columns into two
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separate sequences instead of one complex sequence. 
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{{{ show the slide with loadtxt --- other features }}}
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In this tutorial, we have learnt the basic use of the ``loadtxt``
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command, which is capable of doing a lot more than we have used it for
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until now. Let us look at an example, but before that do this
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exercise. 
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%%1%% Read the file ``pendulum_semicolon.txt`` which contains the same
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data as ``pendulum.txt``, but the columns are separated by semi-colons
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instead of spaces. Use the IPython help to see how to do this. 
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Please, pause the video here. Do the exercise and then continue. 
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{{{ switch back to the terminal }}}
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::
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  L, T = loadtxt('/home/fossee/pendulum_semicolon.txt', unpack=True, delimiter=';')
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  print L
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  print T
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This brings us to the end of this tutorial. 
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{{{ show the summary slide }}}
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You should now be able to do the following, comfortably. 
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  + Read data from files, containing a single column of data using the
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    ``loadtxt`` command.
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  + Read multiple columns of data, separated by spaces or other
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    delimiters.
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{{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}}
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This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India
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Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.
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Thank you!
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