author | Daniel Diniz <ajaksu@gmail.com> |
Thu, 02 Jul 2009 18:33:13 +0200 | |
changeset 2495 | 0113c2de89d3 |
parent 2309 | be1b94099f2d |
child 2864 | 2e0b0af889be |
permissions | -rwxr-xr-x |
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#!/usr/bin/env python |
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# |
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# Copyright 2007 Google Inc. |
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# |
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# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); |
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# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. |
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# You may obtain a copy of the License at |
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# |
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# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 |
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# |
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# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software |
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# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, |
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# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. |
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# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and |
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# limitations under the License. |
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# |
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"""Full text indexing and search, implemented in pure python. |
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Defines a SearchableModel subclass of db.Model that supports full text |
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indexing and search, based on the datastore's existing indexes. |
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Don't expect too much. First, there's no ranking, which is a killer drawback. |
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There's also no exact phrase match, substring match, boolean operators, |
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stemming, or other common full text search features. Finally, support for stop |
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words (common words that are not indexed) is currently limited to English. |
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To be indexed, entities must be created and saved as SearchableModel |
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instances, e.g.: |
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class Article(search.SearchableModel): |
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text = db.TextProperty() |
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... |
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article = Article(text=...) |
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article.save() |
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To search the full text index, use the SearchableModel.all() method to get an |
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instance of SearchableModel.Query, which subclasses db.Query. Use its search() |
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method to provide a search query, in addition to any other filters or sort |
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orders, e.g.: |
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query = article.all().search('a search query').filter(...).order(...) |
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for result in query: |
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... |
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The full text index is stored in a property named __searchable_text_index. |
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In general, if you just want to provide full text search, you *don't* need to |
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add any extra indexes to your index.yaml. However, if you want to use search() |
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in a query *in addition to* an ancestor, filter, or sort order, you'll need to |
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create an index in index.yaml with the __searchable_text_index property. For |
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example: |
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- kind: Article |
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properties: |
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- name: __searchable_text_index |
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- name: date |
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direction: desc |
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... |
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Note that using SearchableModel will noticeable increase the latency of save() |
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operations, since it writes an index row for each indexable word. This also |
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means that the latency of save() will increase roughly with the size of the |
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properties in a given entity. Caveat hacker! |
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""" |
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import re |
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import string |
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import sys |
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from google.appengine.api import datastore |
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from google.appengine.api import datastore_errors |
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from google.appengine.api import datastore_types |
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from google.appengine.ext import db |
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from google.appengine.datastore import datastore_pb |
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class SearchableEntity(datastore.Entity): |
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"""A subclass of datastore.Entity that supports full text indexing. |
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Automatically indexes all string and Text properties, using the datastore's |
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built-in per-property indices. To search, use the SearchableQuery class and |
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its Search() method. |
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""" |
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_FULL_TEXT_INDEX_PROPERTY = '__searchable_text_index' |
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_FULL_TEXT_MIN_LENGTH = 3 |
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_FULL_TEXT_STOP_WORDS = frozenset([ |
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'a', 'about', 'according', 'accordingly', 'affected', 'affecting', 'after', |
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'again', 'against', 'all', 'almost', 'already', 'also', 'although', |
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'always', 'am', 'among', 'an', 'and', 'any', 'anyone', 'apparently', 'are', |
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'arise', 'as', 'aside', 'at', 'away', 'be', 'became', 'because', 'become', |
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'becomes', 'been', 'before', 'being', 'between', 'both', 'briefly', 'but', |
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'by', 'came', 'can', 'cannot', 'certain', 'certainly', 'could', 'did', 'do', |
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'does', 'done', 'during', 'each', 'either', 'else', 'etc', 'ever', 'every', |
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'following', 'for', 'found', 'from', 'further', 'gave', 'gets', 'give', |
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'given', 'giving', 'gone', 'got', 'had', 'hardly', 'has', 'have', 'having', |
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'here', 'how', 'however', 'i', 'if', 'in', 'into', 'is', 'it', 'itself', |
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'just', 'keep', 'kept', 'knowledge', 'largely', 'like', 'made', 'mainly', |
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'make', 'many', 'might', 'more', 'most', 'mostly', 'much', 'must', 'nearly', |
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'necessarily', 'neither', 'next', 'no', 'none', 'nor', 'normally', 'not', |
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'noted', 'now', 'obtain', 'obtained', 'of', 'often', 'on', 'only', 'or', |
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'other', 'our', 'out', 'owing', 'particularly', 'past', 'perhaps', 'please', |
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109 |
'poorly', 'possible', 'possibly', 'potentially', 'predominantly', 'present', |
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110 |
'previously', 'primarily', 'probably', 'prompt', 'promptly', 'put', |
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111 |
'quickly', 'quite', 'rather', 'readily', 'really', 'recently', 'regarding', |
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112 |
'regardless', 'relatively', 'respectively', 'resulted', 'resulting', |
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113 |
'results', 'said', 'same', 'seem', 'seen', 'several', 'shall', 'should', |
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114 |
'show', 'showed', 'shown', 'shows', 'significantly', 'similar', 'similarly', |
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115 |
'since', 'slightly', 'so', 'some', 'sometime', 'somewhat', 'soon', |
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'specifically', 'state', 'states', 'strongly', 'substantially', |
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'successfully', 'such', 'sufficiently', 'than', 'that', 'the', 'their', |
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'theirs', 'them', 'then', 'there', 'therefore', 'these', 'they', 'this', |
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119 |
'those', 'though', 'through', 'throughout', 'to', 'too', 'toward', 'under', |
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120 |
'unless', 'until', 'up', 'upon', 'use', 'used', 'usefully', 'usefulness', |
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121 |
'using', 'usually', 'various', 'very', 'was', 'we', 'were', 'what', 'when', |
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'where', 'whether', 'which', 'while', 'who', 'whose', 'why', 'widely', |
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123 |
'will', 'with', 'within', 'without', 'would', 'yet', 'you']) |
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124 |
|
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_word_delimiter_regex = re.compile('[' + re.escape(string.punctuation) + ']') |
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126 |
|
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def __init__(self, kind_or_entity, word_delimiter_regex=None, *args, |
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**kwargs): |
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"""Constructor. May be called as a copy constructor. |
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130 |
|
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If kind_or_entity is a datastore.Entity, copies it into this Entity. |
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datastore.Get() and Query() returns instances of datastore.Entity, so this |
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133 |
is useful for converting them back to SearchableEntity so that they'll be |
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indexed when they're stored back in the datastore. |
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135 |
|
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Otherwise, passes through the positional and keyword args to the |
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datastore.Entity constructor. |
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138 |
|
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139 |
Args: |
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kind_or_entity: string or datastore.Entity |
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word_delimiter_regex: a regex matching characters that delimit words |
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142 |
""" |
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self._word_delimiter_regex = word_delimiter_regex |
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144 |
if isinstance(kind_or_entity, datastore.Entity): |
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145 |
self._Entity__key = kind_or_entity._Entity__key |
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self._Entity__unindexed_properties = frozenset(kind_or_entity.unindexed_properties()) |
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self.update(kind_or_entity) |
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148 |
else: |
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149 |
super(SearchableEntity, self).__init__(kind_or_entity, *args, **kwargs) |
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150 |
|
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151 |
def _ToPb(self): |
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"""Rebuilds the full text index, then delegates to the superclass. |
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153 |
|
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154 |
Returns: |
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155 |
entity_pb.Entity |
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156 |
""" |
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157 |
if SearchableEntity._FULL_TEXT_INDEX_PROPERTY in self: |
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158 |
del self[SearchableEntity._FULL_TEXT_INDEX_PROPERTY] |
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159 |
|
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160 |
index = set() |
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161 |
for (name, values) in self.items(): |
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162 |
if not isinstance(values, list): |
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163 |
values = [values] |
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164 |
if (isinstance(values[0], basestring) and |
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165 |
not isinstance(values[0], datastore_types.Blob)): |
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166 |
for value in values: |
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167 |
index.update(SearchableEntity._FullTextIndex( |
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168 |
value, self._word_delimiter_regex)) |
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169 |
|
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170 |
index_list = list(index) |
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171 |
if index_list: |
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172 |
self[SearchableEntity._FULL_TEXT_INDEX_PROPERTY] = index_list |
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173 |
|
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174 |
return super(SearchableEntity, self)._ToPb() |
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175 |
|
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176 |
@classmethod |
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177 |
def _FullTextIndex(cls, text, word_delimiter_regex=None): |
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"""Returns a set of keywords appropriate for full text indexing. |
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179 |
|
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180 |
See SearchableQuery.Search() for details. |
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181 |
|
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182 |
Args: |
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183 |
text: string |
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184 |
|
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185 |
Returns: |
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186 |
set of strings |
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187 |
""" |
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188 |
|
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189 |
if word_delimiter_regex is None: |
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190 |
word_delimiter_regex = cls._word_delimiter_regex |
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191 |
|
109
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192 |
if text: |
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193 |
datastore_types.ValidateString(text, 'text', max_len=sys.maxint) |
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194 |
text = word_delimiter_regex.sub(' ', text) |
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195 |
words = text.lower().split() |
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196 |
|
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197 |
words = set(unicode(w) for w in words) |
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198 |
|
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199 |
words -= cls._FULL_TEXT_STOP_WORDS |
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200 |
for word in list(words): |
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201 |
if len(word) < cls._FULL_TEXT_MIN_LENGTH: |
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202 |
words.remove(word) |
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203 |
|
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204 |
else: |
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205 |
words = set() |
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206 |
|
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207 |
return words |
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208 |
|
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209 |
|
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210 |
class SearchableQuery(datastore.Query): |
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211 |
"""A subclass of datastore.Query that supports full text search. |
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212 |
|
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213 |
Only searches over entities that were created and stored using the |
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214 |
SearchableEntity or SearchableModel classes. |
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215 |
""" |
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216 |
|
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def Search(self, search_query, word_delimiter_regex=None): |
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"""Add a search query. This may be combined with filters. |
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|
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Note that keywords in the search query will be silently dropped if they |
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are stop words or too short, ie if they wouldn't be indexed. |
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|
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Args: |
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search_query: string |
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|
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Returns: |
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# this query |
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SearchableQuery |
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""" |
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datastore_types.ValidateString(search_query, 'search query') |
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self._search_query = search_query |
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self._word_delimiter_regex = word_delimiter_regex |
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return self |
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|
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def _ToPb(self, limit=None, offset=None): |
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"""Adds filters for the search query, then delegates to the superclass. |
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|
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Raises BadFilterError if a filter on the index property already exists. |
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|
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Args: |
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# an upper bound on the number of results returned by the query. |
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limit: int |
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# number of results that match the query to skip. limit is applied |
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# after the offset is fulfilled. |
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offset: int |
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|
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Returns: |
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datastore_pb.Query |
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""" |
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if SearchableEntity._FULL_TEXT_INDEX_PROPERTY in self: |
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raise datastore_errors.BadFilterError( |
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'%s is a reserved name.' % SearchableEntity._FULL_TEXT_INDEX_PROPERTY) |
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|
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pb = super(SearchableQuery, self)._ToPb(limit=limit, offset=offset) |
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|
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if hasattr(self, '_search_query'): |
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keywords = SearchableEntity._FullTextIndex( |
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self._search_query, self._word_delimiter_regex) |
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for keyword in keywords: |
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filter = pb.add_filter() |
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filter.set_op(datastore_pb.Query_Filter.EQUAL) |
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prop = filter.add_property() |
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prop.set_name(SearchableEntity._FULL_TEXT_INDEX_PROPERTY) |
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prop.set_multiple(len(keywords) > 1) |
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prop.mutable_value().set_stringvalue(unicode(keyword).encode('utf-8')) |
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|
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return pb |
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|
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|
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class SearchableMultiQuery(datastore.MultiQuery): |
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"""A multiquery that supports Search() by searching subqueries.""" |
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|
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def Search(self, *args, **kwargs): |
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"""Add a search query, by trying to add it to all subqueries. |
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|
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Args: |
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args: Passed to Search on each subquery. |
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kwargs: Passed to Search on each subquery. |
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|
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Returns: |
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self for consistency with SearchableQuery. |
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""" |
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for q in self: |
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q.Search(*args, **kwargs) |
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return self |
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286 |
|
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287 |
|
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class SearchableModel(db.Model): |
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"""A subclass of db.Model that supports full text search and indexing. |
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|
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Automatically indexes all string-based properties. To search, use the all() |
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method to get a SearchableModel.Query, then use its search() method. |
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""" |
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294 |
|
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class Query(db.Query): |
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"""A subclass of db.Query that supports full text search.""" |
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_search_query = None |
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298 |
|
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def search(self, search_query): |
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"""Adds a full text search to this query. |
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301 |
|
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302 |
Args: |
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search_query, a string containing the full text search query. |
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304 |
|
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305 |
Returns: |
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306 |
self |
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307 |
""" |
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self._search_query = search_query |
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309 |
return self |
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310 |
|
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311 |
def _get_query(self): |
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"""Wraps db.Query._get_query() and injects SearchableQuery.""" |
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query = db.Query._get_query(self, |
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_query_class=SearchableQuery, |
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_multi_query_class=SearchableMultiQuery) |
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if self._search_query: |
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query.Search(self._search_query) |
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return query |
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319 |
|
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320 |
def _populate_internal_entity(self): |
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"""Wraps db.Model._populate_internal_entity() and injects |
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SearchableEntity.""" |
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return db.Model._populate_internal_entity(self, |
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_entity_class=SearchableEntity) |
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325 |
|
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326 |
@classmethod |
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327 |
def from_entity(cls, entity): |
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328 |
"""Wraps db.Model.from_entity() and injects SearchableEntity.""" |
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329 |
if not isinstance(entity, SearchableEntity): |
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330 |
entity = SearchableEntity(entity) |
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331 |
return super(SearchableModel, cls).from_entity(entity) |
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332 |
|
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333 |
@classmethod |
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334 |
def all(cls): |
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335 |
"""Returns a SearchableModel.Query for this kind.""" |
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336 |
return SearchableModel.Query(cls) |