SEES-hacks: SEESenv/web/html/backup/abcd.html@52d12eb31c30 (annotated)

0 8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	1	<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Chapter 9. Finding and fixing mistakes</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/support/styles.css" type="text/css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.74.3"><link rel="home" href="index.html" title="Mercurial: The Definitive Guide"><link rel="up" href="index.html" title="Mercurial: The Definitive Guide"><link rel="prev" href="managing-releases-and-branchy-development.html" title="Chapter 8. Managing releases and branchy development"><link rel="next" href="handling-repository-events-with-hooks.html" title="Chapter 10. Handling repository events with hooks"><link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Comments" href="/feeds/comments/"><link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="/support/figs/favicon.png"><script type="text/javascript" src="/support/jquery-min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/support/form.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/support/hsbook.js"></script></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="navheader"><h2 class="booktitle"><a href="/">Mercurial: The Definitive Guide</a><span class="authors">by Bryan O'Sullivan</span></h2></div><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Chapter 9. Finding and fixing mistakes</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="managing-releases-and-branchy-development.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center"> </th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="handling-repository-events-with-hooks.html">Next</a></td></tr></table></div><div class="chapter" lang="en" id="chap:undo"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">Chapter 9. Finding and fixing mistakes</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id390081">Erasing local history</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id390087">The accidental commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#sec:undo:rollback">Rolling back a transaction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id390858">The erroneous pull</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#sec:undo:rollback-after-push">Rolling back is useless once you've pushed</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id391000">You can only roll back once</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id391367">Reverting the mistaken change</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#sec:undo:mgmt">File management errors</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id392218">Dealing with committed changes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id392287">Backing out a changeset</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id392424">Backing out the tip changeset</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id392766">Backing out a non-tip change</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect3"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id392990">Always use the --merge option</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id393181">Gaining more control of the backout process</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id393814">Why hg backout works as
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	2	it does</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#sec:undo:aaaiiieee">Changes that should never have been</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id394303">Backing out a merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id394612">Protect yourself from escaped
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	3	changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id394667">What to do about sensitive changes that escape</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#sec:undo:bisect">Finding the source of a bug</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id394992">Using the hg bisect
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	4	command</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id396541">Cleaning up after your search</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id396622">Tips for finding bugs effectively</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id396628">Give consistent input</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id396884">Automate as much as possible</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id396713">Check your results</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id396770">Beware interference between bugs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#id396856">Bracket your search lazily</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><p id="x_d2"><a name="x_d2"></a>To err might be human, but to really handle the consequences
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	5	well takes a top-notch revision control system. In this chapter,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	6	we'll discuss some of the techniques you can use when you find
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	7	that a problem has crept into your project. Mercurial has some
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	8	highly capable features that will help you to isolate the sources
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	9	of problems, and to handle them appropriately.</p><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both" id="id390081">Erasing local history</h2></div></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="id390087">The accidental commit</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_d3"><a name="x_d3"></a>I have the occasional but persistent problem of typing
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	10	rather more quickly than I can think, which sometimes results
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	11	in me committing a changeset that is either incomplete or
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	12	plain wrong. In my case, the usual kind of incomplete
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	13	changeset is one in which I've created a new source file, but
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	14	forgotten to <span class="command"><strong>hg add</strong></span> it. A
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	15	“<span class="quote">plain wrong</span>” changeset is not as common, but no
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	16	less annoying.</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="sec:undo:rollback">Rolling back a transaction</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_d4"><a name="x_d4"></a>In <a class="xref" href="behind-the-scenes.html#sec:concepts:txn" title="Safe operation">the section called “Safe operation”</a>, I
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	17	mentioned that Mercurial treats each modification of a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	18	repository as a <span class="emphasis"><em>transaction</em></span>. Every time
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	19	you commit a changeset or pull changes from another
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	20	repository, Mercurial remembers what you did. You can undo,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	21	or <span class="emphasis"><em>roll back</em></span>, exactly one of these
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	22	actions using the <span class="command"><strong>hg rollback</strong></span>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	23
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	24	command. (See <a class="xref" href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#sec:undo:rollback-after-push" title="Rolling back is useless once you've pushed">the section called “Rolling back is useless once you've pushed”</a>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	25	for an important caveat about the use of this command.)</p><p id="x_d5"><a name="x_d5"></a>Here's a mistake that I often find myself making:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	26	committing a change in which I've created a new file, but
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	27	forgotten to <span class="command"><strong>hg add</strong></span>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	28	it.</p><pre id="id390839" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg status</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	29	M a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	30	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>echo b > b</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	31
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	32	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg commit -m 'Add file b'</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	33	</pre><p id="x_d6"><a name="x_d6"></a>Looking at the output of <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	34	status</strong></span> after the commit immediately confirms the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	35	error.</p><pre id="id390541" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg status</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	36	? b
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	37	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg tip</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	38
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	39	changeset: 1:f2db1de2ba4f
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	40	tag: tip
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	41	user: Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	42	date: Tue May 05 06:55:44 2009 +0000
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	43	summary: Add file b
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	44
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	45	</pre><p id="x_d7"><a name="x_d7"></a>The commit captured the changes to the file
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	46	<code class="filename">a</code>, but not the new file
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	47	<code class="filename">b</code>. If I were to push this changeset to a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	48	repository that I shared with a colleague, the chances are
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	49	high that something in <code class="filename">a</code> would refer to
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	50	<code class="filename">b</code>, which would not be present in their
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	51	repository when they pulled my changes. I would thus become
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	52	the object of some indignation.</p><p id="x_d8"><a name="x_d8"></a>However, luck is with me—I've caught my error
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	53	before I pushed the changeset. I use the <span class="command"><strong>hg rollback</strong></span> command, and Mercurial
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	54	makes that last changeset vanish.</p><pre id="id391066" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg rollback</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	55
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	56	rolling back last transaction
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	57	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg tip</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	58	changeset: 0:cde70bc943e1
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	59	tag: tip
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	60	user: Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	61	date: Tue May 05 06:55:44 2009 +0000
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	62	summary: First commit
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	63
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	64	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg status</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	65	M a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	66	? b
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	67	</pre><p id="x_d9"><a name="x_d9"></a>Notice that the changeset is no longer present in the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	68	repository's history, and the working directory once again
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	69	thinks that the file <code class="filename">a</code> is modified. The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	70	commit and rollback have left the working directory exactly as
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	71	it was prior to the commit; the changeset has been completely
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	72	erased. I can now safely <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	73	add</strong></span> the file <code class="filename">b</code>, and rerun my
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	74	commit.</p><pre id="id391024" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg add b</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	75
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	76	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg commit -m 'Add file b, this time for real'</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	77	</pre></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="id390858">The erroneous pull</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_da"><a name="x_da"></a>It's common practice with Mercurial to maintain separate
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	78	development branches of a project in different repositories.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	79	Your development team might have one shared repository for
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	80	your project's “<span class="quote">0.9</span>” release, and another,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	81	containing different changes, for the “<span class="quote">1.0</span>”
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	82	release.</p><p id="x_db"><a name="x_db"></a>Given this, you can imagine that the consequences could be
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	83	messy if you had a local “<span class="quote">0.9</span>” repository, and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	84	accidentally pulled changes from the shared “<span class="quote">1.0</span>”
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	85	repository into it. At worst, you could be paying
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	86	insufficient attention, and push those changes into the shared
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	87	“<span class="quote">0.9</span>” tree, confusing your entire team (but don't
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	88	worry, we'll return to this horror scenario later). However,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	89	it's more likely that you'll notice immediately, because
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	90	Mercurial will display the URL it's pulling from, or you will
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	91	see it pull a suspiciously large number of changes into the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	92	repository.</p><p id="x_dc"><a name="x_dc"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>hg rollback</strong></span> command
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	93	will work nicely to expunge all of the changesets that you
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	94	just pulled. Mercurial groups all changes from one <span class="command"><strong>hg pull</strong></span> into a single transaction,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	95	so one <span class="command"><strong>hg rollback</strong></span> is all you
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	96	need to undo this mistake.</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="sec:undo:rollback-after-push">Rolling back is useless once you've pushed</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_dd"><a name="x_dd"></a>The value of the <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	97	rollback</strong></span> command drops to zero once you've pushed
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	98	your changes to another repository. Rolling back a change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	99	makes it disappear entirely, but <span class="emphasis"><em>only</em></span> in
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	100	the repository in which you perform the <span class="command"><strong>hg rollback</strong></span>. Because a rollback
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	101	eliminates history, there's no way for the disappearance of a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	102	change to propagate between repositories.</p><p id="x_de"><a name="x_de"></a>If you've pushed a change to another
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	103	repository—particularly if it's a shared
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	104	repository—it has essentially “<span class="quote">escaped into the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	105	wild,</span>” and you'll have to recover from your mistake
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	106	in a different way. If you push a changeset somewhere, then
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	107	roll it back, then pull from the repository you pushed to, the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	108	changeset you thought you'd gotten rid of will simply reappear
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	109	in your repository.</p><p id="x_df"><a name="x_df"></a>(If you absolutely know for sure that the change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	110	you want to roll back is the most recent change in the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	111	repository that you pushed to, <span class="emphasis"><em>and</em></span> you
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	112	know that nobody else could have pulled it from that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	113	repository, you can roll back the changeset there, too, but
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	114	you really should not expect this to work reliably. Sooner or
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	115	later a change really will make it into a repository that you
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	116	don't directly control (or have forgotten about), and come
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	117	back to bite you.)</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="id391000">You can only roll back once</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_e0"><a name="x_e0"></a>Mercurial stores exactly one transaction in its
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	118	transaction log; that transaction is the most recent one that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	119	occurred in the repository. This means that you can only roll
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	120	back one transaction. If you expect to be able to roll back
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	121	one transaction, then its predecessor, this is not the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	122	behavior you will get.</p><pre id="id391424" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg rollback</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	123
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	124	rolling back last transaction
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	125	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg rollback</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	126	no rollback information available
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	127	</pre><p id="x_e1"><a name="x_e1"></a>Once you've rolled back one transaction in a repository,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	128	you can't roll back again in that repository until you perform
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	129	another commit or pull.</p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both" id="id391367">Reverting the mistaken change</h2></div></div></div><p id="x_e2"><a name="x_e2"></a>If you make a modification to a file, and decide that you
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	130	really didn't want to change the file at all, and you haven't
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	131	yet committed your changes, the <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	132	revert</strong></span> command is the one you'll need. It looks at
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	133	the changeset that's the parent of the working directory, and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	134	restores the contents of the file to their state as of that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	135	changeset. (That's a long-winded way of saying that, in the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	136	normal case, it undoes your modifications.)</p><p id="x_e3"><a name="x_e3"></a>Let's illustrate how the <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	137	revert</strong></span> command works with yet another small example.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	138	We'll begin by modifying a file that Mercurial is already
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	139	tracking.</p><pre id="id391316" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>cat file</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	140
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	141	original content
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	142	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>echo unwanted change >> file</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	143	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg diff file</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	144	diff -r b52afd4afc59 file
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	145	--- a/file Tue May 05 06:55:32 2009 +0000
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	146	+++ b/file Tue May 05 06:55:32 2009 +0000
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	147	@@ -1,1 +1,2 @@
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	148	original content
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	149	+unwanted change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	150	</pre><p id="x_e4"><a name="x_e4"></a>If we don't
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	151	want that change, we can simply <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	152	revert</strong></span> the file.</p><pre id="id391251" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg status</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	153
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	154	M file
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	155	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg revert file</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	156	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>cat file</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	157	original content
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	158	</pre><p id="x_e5"><a name="x_e5"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>hg revert</strong></span> command
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	159	provides us with an extra degree of safety by saving our
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	160	modified file with a <code class="filename">.orig</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	161	extension.</p><pre id="id391767" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg status</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	162
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	163	? file.orig
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	164	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>cat file.orig</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	165	original content
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	166	unwanted change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	167	</pre><div class="tip"><table border="0" summary="Tip: Be careful with .orig files"><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Tip]" src="/support/figs/tip.png"></td><th align="left">Be careful with .orig files</th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p id="x_6b8"><a name="x_6b8"></a>It's extremely unlikely that you are either using
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	168	Mercurial to manage files with <code class="filename">.orig</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	169	extensions or that you even care about the contents of such
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	170	files. Just in case, though, it's useful to remember that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	171	<span class="command"><strong>hg revert</strong></span> will
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	172	unconditionally overwrite an existing file with a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	173	<code class="filename">.orig</code> extension. For instance, if you
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	174	already have a file named <code class="filename">foo.orig</code> when
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	175	you revert <code class="filename">foo</code>, the contents of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	176	<code class="filename">foo.orig</code> will be clobbered.</p></td></tr></table></div><p id="x_e6"><a name="x_e6"></a>Here is a summary of the cases that the <span class="command"><strong>hg revert</strong></span> command can deal with. We
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	177	will describe each of these in more detail in the section that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	178	follows.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p id="x_e7"><a name="x_e7"></a>If you modify a file, it will restore the file
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	179	to its unmodified state.</p></li><li><p id="x_e8"><a name="x_e8"></a>If you <span class="command"><strong>hg add</strong></span> a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	180	file, it will undo the “<span class="quote">added</span>” state of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	181	file, but leave the file itself untouched.</p></li><li><p id="x_e9"><a name="x_e9"></a>If you delete a file without telling Mercurial,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	182	it will restore the file to its unmodified contents.</p></li><li><p id="x_ea"><a name="x_ea"></a>If you use the <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	183	remove</strong></span> command to remove a file, it will undo
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	184	the “<span class="quote">removed</span>” state of the file, and restore
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	185	the file to its unmodified contents.</p></li></ul></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="sec:undo:mgmt">File management errors</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_eb"><a name="x_eb"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>hg revert</strong></span> command is
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	186	useful for more than just modified files. It lets you reverse
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	187	the results of all of Mercurial's file management
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	188	commands—<span class="command"><strong>hg add</strong></span>,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	189	<span class="command"><strong>hg remove</strong></span>, and so on.</p><p id="x_ec"><a name="x_ec"></a>If you <span class="command"><strong>hg add</strong></span> a file,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	190	then decide that in fact you don't want Mercurial to track it,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	191	use <span class="command"><strong>hg revert</strong></span> to undo the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	192	add. Don't worry; Mercurial will not modify the file in any
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	193	way. It will just “<span class="quote">unmark</span>” the file.</p><pre id="id391756" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>echo oops > oops</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	194
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	195	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg add oops</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	196	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg status oops</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	197	A oops
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	198	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg revert oops</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	199	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg status</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	200
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	201	? oops
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	202	</pre><p id="x_ed"><a name="x_ed"></a>Similarly, if you ask Mercurial to <span class="command"><strong>hg remove</strong></span> a file, you can use
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	203	<span class="command"><strong>hg revert</strong></span> to restore it to
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	204	the contents it had as of the parent of the working directory.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	205
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	206	</p><pre id="id392036" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg remove file</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	207	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg status</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	208	R file
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	209
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	210	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg revert file</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	211	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg status</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	212	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>ls file</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	213	file
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	214	</pre><p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	215
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	216	This works just as
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	217	well for a file that you deleted by hand, without telling
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	218	Mercurial (recall that in Mercurial terminology, this kind of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	219	file is called “<span class="quote">missing</span>”).</p><pre id="id391954" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>rm file</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	220
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	221	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg status</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	222	! file
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	223	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg revert file</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	224	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>ls file</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	225	file
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	226	</pre><p id="x_ee"><a name="x_ee"></a>If you revert a <span class="command"><strong>hg copy</strong></span>,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	227	the copied-to file remains in your working directory
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	228	afterwards, untracked. Since a copy doesn't affect the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	229	copied-from file in any way, Mercurial doesn't do anything
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	230	with the copied-from file.</p><pre id="id392181" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg copy file new-file</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	231
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	232	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg revert new-file</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	233	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg status</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	234	? new-file
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	235	</pre></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both" id="id392218">Dealing with committed changes</h2></div></div></div><p id="x_f5"><a name="x_f5"></a>Consider a case where you have committed a change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	236	<span class="emphasis"><em>a</em></span>, and another change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	237	<span class="emphasis"><em>b</em></span> on top of it; you then realise that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	238	change <span class="emphasis"><em>a</em></span> was incorrect. Mercurial lets you
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	239	“<span class="quote">back out</span>” an entire changeset automatically, and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	240	building blocks that let you reverse part of a changeset by
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	241	hand.</p><p id="x_f6"><a name="x_f6"></a>Before you read this section, here's something to
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	242	keep in mind: the <span class="command"><strong>hg backout</strong></span>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	243
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	244	command undoes the effect of a change by
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	245	<span class="emphasis"><em>adding</em></span> to your repository's history, not by
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	246	modifying or erasing it. It's the right tool to use if you're
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	247	fixing bugs, but not if you're trying to undo some change that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	248	has catastrophic consequences. To deal with those, see
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	249	<a class="xref" href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#sec:undo:aaaiiieee" title="Changes that should never have been">the section called “Changes that should never have been”</a>.</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="id392287">Backing out a changeset</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_f7"><a name="x_f7"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>hg backout</strong></span> command
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	250	lets you “<span class="quote">undo</span>” the effects of an entire
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	251	changeset in an automated fashion. Because Mercurial's
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	252	history is immutable, this command <span class="emphasis"><em>does
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	253	not</em></span> get rid of the changeset you want to undo.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	254	Instead, it creates a new changeset that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	255	<span class="emphasis"><em>reverses</em></span> the effect of the to-be-undone
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	256	changeset.</p><p id="x_f8"><a name="x_f8"></a>The operation of the <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	257	backout</strong></span> command is a little intricate, so let's
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	258	illustrate it with some examples. First, we'll create a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	259	repository with some simple changes.</p><pre id="id392685" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg init myrepo</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	260
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	261	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>cd myrepo</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	262	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>echo first change >> myfile</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	263	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg add myfile</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	264	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg commit -m 'first change'</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	265
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	266	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>echo second change >> myfile</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	267	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg commit -m 'second change'</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	268	</pre><p id="x_f9"><a name="x_f9"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>hg backout</strong></span> command
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	269	takes a single changeset ID as its argument; this is the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	270	changeset to back out. Normally, <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	271	backout</strong></span> will drop you into a text editor to write
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	272	a commit message, so you can record why you're backing the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	273	change out. In this example, we provide a commit message on
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	274	the command line using the <code class="option">-m</code> option.</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="id392424">Backing out the tip changeset</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_fa"><a name="x_fa"></a>We're going to start by backing out the last changeset we
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	275	committed.</p><pre id="id392577" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg backout -m 'back out second change' tip</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	276
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	277	reverting myfile
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	278	changeset 2:01adc4672142 backs out changeset 1:7e341ee3be7a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	279	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>cat myfile</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	280	first change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	281	</pre><p id="x_fb"><a name="x_fb"></a>You can see that the second line from
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	282	<code class="filename">myfile</code> is no longer present. Taking a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	283	look at the output of <span class="command"><strong>hg log</strong></span>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	284	gives us an idea of what the <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	285	backout</strong></span> command has done.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	286
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	287
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	288	</p><pre id="id392554" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg log --style compact</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	289	2[tip] 01adc4672142 2009-05-05 06:55 +0000 bos
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	290	back out second change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	291
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	292	1 7e341ee3be7a 2009-05-05 06:55 +0000 bos
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	293	second change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	294
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	295	0 56b97fc928f2 2009-05-05 06:55 +0000 bos
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	296	first change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	297
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	298	</pre><p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	299
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	300	Notice that the new changeset
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	301	that <span class="command"><strong>hg backout</strong></span> has created
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	302	is a child of the changeset we backed out. It's easier to see
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	303	this in <a class="xref" href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#fig:undo:backout" title="Figure 9.1. Backing out a change using the hg backout command">Figure 9.1, “Backing out a change using the hg backout command”</a>, which presents a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	304	graphical view of the change history. As you can see, the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	305	history is nice and linear.</p><div class="figure"><a name="fig:undo:backout"></a><p class="title"><b>Figure 9.1. Backing out a change using the <span class="command">hg backout</span> command</b></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="figs/undo-simple.png" alt="XXX add text"></div></div></div><br class="figure-break"></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="id392766">Backing out a non-tip change</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_fd"><a name="x_fd"></a>If you want to back out a change other than the last one
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	306	you committed, pass the <code class="option">--merge</code> option to the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	307	<span class="command"><strong>hg backout</strong></span> command.</p><pre id="id393141" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>cd ..</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	308
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	309	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg clone -r1 myrepo non-tip-repo</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	310	requesting all changes
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	311	adding changesets
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	312	adding manifests
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	313	adding file changes
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	314	added 2 changesets with 2 changes to 1 files
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	315	updating working directory
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	316	1 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	317	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>cd non-tip-repo</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	318	</pre><p id="x_fe"><a name="x_fe"></a>This makes backing out any changeset a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	319	“<span class="quote">one-shot</span>” operation that's usually simple and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	320	fast.</p><pre id="id392845" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>echo third change >> myfile</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	321
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	322	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg commit -m 'third change'</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	323	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg backout --merge -m 'back out second change' 1</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	324	reverting myfile
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	325	created new head
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	326	changeset 3:abc7fd860049 backs out changeset 1:7e341ee3be7a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	327	merging with changeset 3:abc7fd860049
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	328	merging myfile
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	329	0 files updated, 1 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	330	(branch merge, don't forget to commit)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	331	</pre><p id="x_ff"><a name="x_ff"></a>If you take a look at the contents of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	332	<code class="filename">myfile</code> after the backout finishes, you'll
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	333	see that the first and third changes are present, but not the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	334	second.</p><pre id="id392886" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>cat myfile</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	335
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	336	first change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	337	third change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	338	</pre><p id="x_100"><a name="x_100"></a>As the graphical history in <a class="xref" href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#fig:undo:backout-non-tip" title="Figure 9.2. Automated backout of a non-tip change using the hg backout command">Figure 9.2, “Automated backout of a non-tip change using the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	339	hg backout command”</a> illustrates, Mercurial
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	340	still commits one change in this kind of situation (the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	341	box-shaped node is the ones that Mercurial commits
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	342	automatically), but the revision graph now looks different.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	343	Before Mercurial begins the backout process, it first
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	344	remembers what the current parent of the working directory is.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	345	It then backs out the target changeset, and commits that as a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	346	changeset. Finally, it merges back to the previous parent of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	347	the working directory, but notice that it <span class="emphasis"><em>does not
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	348	commit</em></span> the result of the merge. The repository
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	349	now contains two heads, and the working directory is in a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	350	merge state.</p><div class="figure"><a name="fig:undo:backout-non-tip"></a><p class="title"><b>Figure 9.2. Automated backout of a non-tip change using the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	351	<span class="command">hg backout</span> command</b></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="figs/undo-non-tip.png" alt="XXX add text"></div></div></div><br class="figure-break"><p id="x_103"><a name="x_103"></a>The result is that you end up “<span class="quote">back where you
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	352	were</span>”, only with some extra history that undoes the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	353	effect of the changeset you wanted to back out.</p><p id="x_6b9"><a name="x_6b9"></a>You might wonder why Mercurial does not commit the result
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	354	of the merge that it performed. The reason lies in Mercurial
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	355	behaving conservatively: a merge naturally has more scope for
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	356	error than simply undoing the effect of the tip changeset,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	357	so your work will be safest if you first inspect (and test!)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	358	the result of the merge, <span class="emphasis"><em>then</em></span> commit
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	359	it.</p><div class="sect3" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title" id="id392990">Always use the <code class="option">--merge</code> option</h4></div></div></div><p id="x_104"><a name="x_104"></a>In fact, since the <code class="option">--merge</code> option will do the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	360	“<span class="quote">right thing</span>” whether or not the changeset
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	361	you're backing out is the tip (i.e. it won't try to merge if
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	362	it's backing out the tip, since there's no need), you should
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	363	<span class="emphasis"><em>always</em></span> use this option when you run the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	364	<span class="command"><strong>hg backout</strong></span> command.</p></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="id393181">Gaining more control of the backout process</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_105"><a name="x_105"></a>While I've recommended that you always use the <code class="option">--merge</code> option when backing
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	365	out a change, the <span class="command"><strong>hg backout</strong></span>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	366
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	367	command lets you decide how to merge a backout changeset.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	368	Taking control of the backout process by hand is something you
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	369	will rarely need to do, but it can be useful to understand
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	370	what the <span class="command"><strong>hg backout</strong></span> command
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	371	is doing for you automatically. To illustrate this, let's
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	372	clone our first repository, but omit the backout change that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	373	it contains.</p><pre id="id393568" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>cd ..</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	374	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg clone -r1 myrepo newrepo</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	375	requesting all changes
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	376	adding changesets
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	377	adding manifests
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	378	adding file changes
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	379	added 2 changesets with 2 changes to 1 files
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	380	updating working directory
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	381	1 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	382	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>cd newrepo</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	383
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	384	</pre><p id="x_106"><a name="x_106"></a>As with our
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	385	earlier example, We'll commit a third changeset, then back out
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	386	its parent, and see what happens.</p><pre id="id393553" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>echo third change >> myfile</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	387	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg commit -m 'third change'</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	388	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg backout -m 'back out second change' 1</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	389	reverting myfile
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	390	created new head
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	391	changeset 3:abc7fd860049 backs out changeset 1:7e341ee3be7a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	392	the backout changeset is a new head - do not forget to merge
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	393	(use "backout --merge" if you want to auto-merge)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	394	</pre><p id="x_107"><a name="x_107"></a>Our new changeset is again a descendant of the changeset
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	395	we backout out; it's thus a new head, <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	396
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	397	a descendant of the changeset that was the tip. The <span class="command"><strong>hg backout</strong></span> command was quite
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	398	explicit in telling us this.</p><pre id="id393314" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg log --style compact</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	399	3[tip]:1 abc7fd860049 2009-05-05 06:55 +0000 bos
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	400	back out second change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	401
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	402	2 bae4005ddac4 2009-05-05 06:55 +0000 bos
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	403	third change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	404
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	405	1 7e341ee3be7a 2009-05-05 06:55 +0000 bos
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	406	second change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	407
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	408	0 56b97fc928f2 2009-05-05 06:55 +0000 bos
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	409	first change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	410
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	411	</pre><p id="x_108"><a name="x_108"></a>Again, it's easier to see what has happened by looking at
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	412	a graph of the revision history, in <a class="xref" href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#fig:undo:backout-manual" title="Figure 9.3. Backing out a change using the hg backout command">Figure 9.3, “Backing out a change using the hg backout command”</a>. This makes it clear
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	413	that when we use <span class="command"><strong>hg backout</strong></span>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	414	to back out a change other than the tip, Mercurial adds a new
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	415	head to the repository (the change it committed is
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	416	box-shaped).</p><div class="figure"><a name="fig:undo:backout-manual"></a><p class="title"><b>Figure 9.3. Backing out a change using the <span class="command">hg backout</span> command</b></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="figs/undo-manual.png" alt="XXX add text"></div></div></div><br class="figure-break"><p id="x_10a"><a name="x_10a"></a>After the <span class="command"><strong>hg backout</strong></span>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	417
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	418	command has completed, it leaves the new
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	419	“<span class="quote">backout</span>” changeset as the parent of the working
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	420	directory.</p><pre id="id393912" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg parents</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	421	changeset: 2:bae4005ddac4
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	422	user: Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	423	date: Tue May 05 06:55:12 2009 +0000
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	424	summary: third change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	425
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	426	</pre><p id="x_10b"><a name="x_10b"></a>Now we have two isolated sets of changes.</p><pre id="id393905" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg heads</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	427
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	428	changeset: 3:abc7fd860049
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	429	tag: tip
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	430	parent: 1:7e341ee3be7a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	431	user: Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	432	date: Tue May 05 06:55:12 2009 +0000
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	433	summary: back out second change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	434
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	435	changeset: 2:bae4005ddac4
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	436	user: Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	437	date: Tue May 05 06:55:12 2009 +0000
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	438	summary: third change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	439
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	440	</pre><p id="x_10c"><a name="x_10c"></a>Let's think about what we expect to see as the contents of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	441	<code class="filename">myfile</code> now. The first change should be
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	442	present, because we've never backed it out. The second change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	443	should be missing, as that's the change we backed out. Since
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	444	the history graph shows the third change as a separate head,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	445	we <span class="emphasis"><em>don't</em></span> expect to see the third change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	446	present in <code class="filename">myfile</code>.</p><pre id="id393884" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>cat myfile</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	447
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	448	first change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	449	</pre><p id="x_10d"><a name="x_10d"></a>To get the third change back into the file, we just do a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	450	normal merge of our two heads.</p><pre id="id393845" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg merge</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	451	abort: outstanding uncommitted changes
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	452	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg commit -m 'merged backout with previous tip'</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	453	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>cat myfile</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	454	first change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	455	</pre><p id="x_10e"><a name="x_10e"></a>Afterwards, the graphical history of our
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	456	repository looks like
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	457	<a class="xref" href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#fig:undo:backout-manual-merge" title="Figure 9.4. Manually merging a backout change">Figure 9.4, “Manually merging a backout change”</a>.</p><div class="figure"><a name="fig:undo:backout-manual-merge"></a><p class="title"><b>Figure 9.4. Manually merging a backout change</b></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="figs/undo-manual-merge.png" alt="XXX add text"></div></div></div><br class="figure-break"></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="id393814">Why <span class="command"><strong>hg backout</strong></span> works as
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	458	it does</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_110"><a name="x_110"></a>Here's a brief description of how the <span class="command"><strong>hg backout</strong></span> command works.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1"><li><p id="x_111"><a name="x_111"></a>It ensures that the working directory is
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	459	“<span class="quote">clean</span>”, i.e. that the output of <span class="command"><strong>hg status</strong></span> would be empty.</p></li><li><p id="x_112"><a name="x_112"></a>It remembers the current parent of the working
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	460	directory. Let's call this changeset
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	461	<code class="literal">orig</code>.</p></li><li><p id="x_113"><a name="x_113"></a>It does the equivalent of a <span class="command"><strong>hg update</strong></span> to sync the working
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	462	directory to the changeset you want to back out. Let's
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	463	call this changeset <code class="literal">backout</code>.</p></li><li><p id="x_114"><a name="x_114"></a>It finds the parent of that changeset. Let's
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	464	call that changeset <code class="literal">parent</code>.</p></li><li><p id="x_115"><a name="x_115"></a>For each file that the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	465	<code class="literal">backout</code> changeset affected, it does the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	466	equivalent of a <span class="command"><strong>hg revert -r
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	467	parent</strong></span> on that file, to restore it to the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	468	contents it had before that changeset was
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	469	committed.</p></li><li><p id="x_116"><a name="x_116"></a>It commits the result as a new changeset.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	470	This changeset has <code class="literal">backout</code> as its
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	471	parent.</p></li><li><p id="x_117"><a name="x_117"></a>If you specify <code class="option">--merge</code> on the command
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	472	line, it merges with <code class="literal">orig</code>, and commits
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	473	the result of the merge.</p></li></ol></div><p id="x_118"><a name="x_118"></a>An alternative way to implement the <span class="command"><strong>hg backout</strong></span> command would be to
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	474	<span class="command"><strong>hg export</strong></span> the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	475	to-be-backed-out changeset as a diff, then use the <code class="option">--reverse</code> option to the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	476	<span class="command"><strong>patch</strong></span> command to reverse the effect of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	477	change without fiddling with the working directory. This
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	478	sounds much simpler, but it would not work nearly as
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	479	well.</p><p id="x_119"><a name="x_119"></a>The reason that <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	480	backout</strong></span> does an update, a commit, a merge, and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	481	another commit is to give the merge machinery the best chance
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	482	to do a good job when dealing with all the changes
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	483	<span class="emphasis"><em>between</em></span> the change you're backing out and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	484	the current tip.</p><p id="x_11a"><a name="x_11a"></a>If you're backing out a changeset that's 100 revisions
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	485	back in your project's history, the chances that the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	486	<span class="command"><strong>patch</strong></span> command will be able to apply a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	487	reverse diff cleanly are not good, because intervening changes
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	488	are likely to have “<span class="quote">broken the context</span>” that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	489	<span class="command"><strong>patch</strong></span> uses to determine whether it can
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	490	apply a patch (if this sounds like gibberish, see <a class="xref" href="managing-change-with-mercurial-queues.html#sec:mq:patch" title="Understanding patches">the section called “Understanding patches”</a> for a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	491	discussion of the <span class="command"><strong>patch</strong></span> command). Also,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	492	Mercurial's merge machinery will handle files and directories
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	493	being renamed, permission changes, and modifications to binary
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	494	files, none of which <span class="command"><strong>patch</strong></span> can deal
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	495	with.</p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both" id="sec:undo:aaaiiieee">Changes that should never have been</h2></div></div></div><p id="x_11b"><a name="x_11b"></a>Most of the time, the <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	496	backout</strong></span> command is exactly what you need if you want
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	497	to undo the effects of a change. It leaves a permanent record
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	498	of exactly what you did, both when committing the original
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	499	changeset and when you cleaned up after it.</p><p id="x_11c"><a name="x_11c"></a>On rare occasions, though, you may find that you've
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	500	committed a change that really should not be present in the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	501	repository at all. For example, it would be very unusual, and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	502	usually considered a mistake, to commit a software project's
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	503	object files as well as its source files. Object files have
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	504	almost no intrinsic value, and they're <span class="emphasis"><em>big</em></span>,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	505	so they increase the size of the repository and the amount of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	506	time it takes to clone or pull changes.</p><p id="x_11d"><a name="x_11d"></a>Before I discuss the options that you have if you commit a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	507	“<span class="quote">brown paper bag</span>” change (the kind that's so bad
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	508	that you want to pull a brown paper bag over your head), let me
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	509	first discuss some approaches that probably won't work.</p><p id="x_11e"><a name="x_11e"></a>Since Mercurial treats history as
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	510	accumulative—every change builds on top of all changes
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	511	that preceded it—you generally can't just make disastrous
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	512	changes disappear. The one exception is when you've just
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	513	committed a change, and it hasn't been pushed or pulled into
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	514	another repository. That's when you can safely use the <span class="command"><strong>hg rollback</strong></span> command, as I detailed in
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	515	<a class="xref" href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#sec:undo:rollback" title="Rolling back a transaction">the section called “Rolling back a transaction”</a>.</p><p id="x_11f"><a name="x_11f"></a>After you've pushed a bad change to another repository, you
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	516	<span class="emphasis"><em>could</em></span> still use <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	517	rollback</strong></span> to make your local copy of the change
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	518	disappear, but it won't have the consequences you want. The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	519	change will still be present in the remote repository, so it
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	520	will reappear in your local repository the next time you
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	521	pull.</p><p id="x_120"><a name="x_120"></a>If a situation like this arises, and you know which
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	522	repositories your bad change has propagated into, you can
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	523	<span class="emphasis"><em>try</em></span> to get rid of the change from
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	524	<span class="emphasis"><em>every</em></span> one of those repositories. This is,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	525	of course, not a satisfactory solution: if you miss even a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	526	single repository while you're expunging, the change is still
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	527	“<span class="quote">in the wild</span>”, and could propagate further.</p><p id="x_121"><a name="x_121"></a>If you've committed one or more changes
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	528	<span class="emphasis"><em>after</em></span> the change that you'd like to see
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	529	disappear, your options are further reduced. Mercurial doesn't
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	530	provide a way to “<span class="quote">punch a hole</span>” in history, leaving
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	531	changesets intact.</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="id394303">Backing out a merge</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_6ba"><a name="x_6ba"></a>Since merges are often complicated, it is not unheard of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	532	for a merge to be mangled badly, but committed erroneously.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	533	Mercurial provides an important safeguard against bad merges
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	534	by refusing to commit unresolved files, but human ingenuity
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	535	guarantees that it is still possible to mess a merge up and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	536	commit it.</p><p id="x_6bb"><a name="x_6bb"></a>Given a bad merge that has been committed, usually the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	537	best way to approach it is to simply try to repair the damage
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	538	by hand. A complete disaster that cannot be easily fixed up
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	539	by hand ought to be very rare, but the <span class="command"><strong>hg backout</strong></span> command may help in
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	540	making the cleanup easier. It offers a <code class="option">--parent</code> option, which lets
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	541	you specify which parent to revert to when backing out a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	542	merge.</p><div class="figure"><a name="fig:undo:bad-merge-1"></a><p class="title"><b>Figure 9.5. A bad merge</b></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="figs/bad-merge-1.png" alt="XXX add text"></div></div></div><br class="figure-break"><p id="x_6bc"><a name="x_6bc"></a>Suppose we have a revision graph like that in <a class="xref" href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#fig:undo:bad-merge-1" title="Figure 9.5. A bad merge">Figure 9.5, “A bad merge”</a>. What we'd like is to
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	543	<span class="emphasis"><em>redo</em></span> the merge of revisions 2 and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	544	3.</p><p id="x_6bd"><a name="x_6bd"></a>One way to do so would be as follows.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1"><li><p id="x_6be"><a name="x_6be"></a>Call <span class="command"><strong>hg backout --rev=4
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	545	--parent=2</strong></span>. This tells <span class="command"><strong>hg backout</strong></span> to back out revision
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	546	4, which is the bad merge, and to when deciding which
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	547	revision to prefer, to choose parent 2, one of the parents
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	548	of the merge. The effect can be seen in <a class="xref" href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#fig:undo:bad-merge-2" title="Figure 9.6. Backing out the merge, favoring one parent">Figure 9.6, “Backing out the merge, favoring one parent”</a>.</p><div class="figure"><a name="fig:undo:bad-merge-2"></a><p class="title"><b>Figure 9.6. Backing out the merge, favoring one parent</b></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="figs/bad-merge-2.png" alt="XXX add text"></div></div></div><br class="figure-break"></li><li><p id="x_6bf"><a name="x_6bf"></a>Call <span class="command"><strong>hg backout --rev=4
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	549	--parent=3</strong></span>. This tells <span class="command"><strong>hg backout</strong></span> to back out revision
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	550	4 again, but this time to choose parent 3, the other
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	551	parent of the merge. The result is visible in <a class="xref" href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#fig:undo:bad-merge-3" title="Figure 9.7. Backing out the merge, favoring the other parent">Figure 9.7, “Backing out the merge, favoring the other
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	552	parent”</a>, in which the repository
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	553	now contains three heads.</p><div class="figure"><a name="fig:undo:bad-merge-3"></a><p class="title"><b>Figure 9.7. Backing out the merge, favoring the other
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	554	parent</b></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="figs/bad-merge-3.png" alt="XXX add text"></div></div></div><br class="figure-break"></li><li><p id="x_6c0"><a name="x_6c0"></a>Redo the bad merge by merging the two backout heads,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	555	which reduces the number of heads in the repository to
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	556	two, as can be seen in <a class="xref" href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#fig:undo:bad-merge-4" title="Figure 9.8. Merging the backouts">Figure 9.8, “Merging the backouts”</a>.</p><div class="figure"><a name="fig:undo:bad-merge-4"></a><p class="title"><b>Figure 9.8. Merging the backouts</b></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="figs/bad-merge-4.png" alt="XXX add text"></div></div></div><br class="figure-break"></li><li><p id="x_6c1"><a name="x_6c1"></a>Merge with the commit that was made after the bad
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	557	merge, as shown in <a class="xref" href="finding-and-fixing-mistakes.html#fig:undo:bad-merge-5" title="Figure 9.9. Merging the backouts">Figure 9.9, “Merging the backouts”</a>.</p><div class="figure"><a name="fig:undo:bad-merge-5"></a><p class="title"><b>Figure 9.9. Merging the backouts</b></p><div class="figure-contents"><div class="mediaobject"><img src="figs/bad-merge-5.png" alt="XXX add text"></div></div></div><br class="figure-break"></li></ol></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="id394612">Protect yourself from “<span class="quote">escaped</span>”
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	558	changes</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_123"><a name="x_123"></a>If you've committed some changes to your local repository
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	559	and they've been pushed or pulled somewhere else, this isn't
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	560	necessarily a disaster. You can protect yourself ahead of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	561	time against some classes of bad changeset. This is
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	562	particularly easy if your team usually pulls changes from a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	563	central repository.</p><p id="x_124"><a name="x_124"></a>By configuring some hooks on that repository to validate
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	564	incoming changesets (see chapter <a class="xref" href="handling-repository-events-with-hooks.html" title="Chapter 10. Handling repository events with hooks">Chapter 10, <i>Handling repository events with hooks</i></a>),
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	565	you can
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	566	automatically prevent some kinds of bad changeset from being
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	567	pushed to the central repository at all. With such a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	568	configuration in place, some kinds of bad changeset will
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	569	naturally tend to “<span class="quote">die out</span>” because they can't
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	570	propagate into the central repository. Better yet, this
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	571	happens without any need for explicit intervention.</p><p id="x_125"><a name="x_125"></a>For instance, an incoming change hook that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	572	verifies that a changeset will actually compile can prevent
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	573	people from inadvertently “<span class="quote">breaking the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	574	build</span>”.</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="id394667">What to do about sensitive changes that escape</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_6c2"><a name="x_6c2"></a>Even a carefully run project can suffer an unfortunate
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	575	event such as the committing and uncontrolled propagation of a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	576	file that contains important passwords.</p><p id="x_6c3"><a name="x_6c3"></a>If something like this happens to you, and the information
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	577	that gets accidentally propagated is truly sensitive, your
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	578	first step should be to mitigate the effect of the leak
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	579	without trying to control the leak itself. If you are not 100%
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	580	certain that you know exactly who could have seen the changes,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	581	you should immediately change passwords, cancel credit cards,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	582	or find some other way to make sure that the information that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	583	has leaked is no longer useful. In other words, assume that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	584	the change has propagated far and wide, and that there's
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	585	nothing more you can do.</p><p id="x_6c4"><a name="x_6c4"></a>You might hope that there would be mechanisms you could
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	586	use to either figure out who has seen a change or to erase the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	587	change permanently everywhere, but there are good reasons why
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	588	these are not possible.</p><p id="x_6c5"><a name="x_6c5"></a>Mercurial does not provide an audit trail of who has
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	589	pulled changes from a repository, because it is usually either
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	590	impossible to record such information or trivial to spoof it.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	591	In a multi-user or networked environment, you should thus be
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	592	extremely skeptical of yourself if you think that you have
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	593	identified every place that a sensitive changeset has
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	594	propagated to. Don't forget that people can and will send
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	595	bundles by email, have their backup software save data
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	596	offsite, carry repositories on USB sticks, and find other
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	597	completely innocent ways to confound your attempts to track
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	598	down every copy of a problematic change.</p><p id="x_6c6"><a name="x_6c6"></a>Mercurial also does not provide a way to make a file or
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	599	changeset completely disappear from history, because there is
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	600	no way to enforce its disappearance; someone could easily
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	601	modify their copy of Mercurial to ignore such directives. In
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	602	addition, even if Mercurial provided such a capability,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	603	someone who simply hadn't pulled a “<span class="quote">make this file
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	604	disappear</span>” changeset wouldn't be affected by it, nor
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	605	would web crawlers visiting at the wrong time, disk backups,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	606	or other mechanisms. Indeed, no distributed revision control
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	607	system can make data reliably vanish. Providing the illusion
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	608	of such control could easily give a false sense of security,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	609	and be worse than not providing it at all.</p></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both" id="sec:undo:bisect">Finding the source of a bug</h2></div></div></div><p id="x_126"><a name="x_126"></a>While it's all very well to be able to back out a changeset
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	610	that introduced a bug, this requires that you know which
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	611	changeset to back out. Mercurial provides an invaluable
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	612	command, called <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span>, that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	613	helps you to automate this process and accomplish it very
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	614	efficiently.</p><p id="x_127"><a name="x_127"></a>The idea behind the <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	615	bisect</strong></span> command is that a changeset has introduced
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	616	some change of behavior that you can identify with a simple
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	617	pass/fail test. You don't know which piece of code introduced the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	618	change, but you know how to test for the presence of the bug.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	619	The <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span> command uses your
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	620	test to direct its search for the changeset that introduced the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	621	code that caused the bug.</p><p id="x_128"><a name="x_128"></a>Here are a few scenarios to help you understand how you
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	622	might apply this command.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p id="x_129"><a name="x_129"></a>The most recent version of your software has a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	623	bug that you remember wasn't present a few weeks ago, but
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	624	you don't know when it was introduced. Here, your binary
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	625	test checks for the presence of that bug.</p></li><li><p id="x_12a"><a name="x_12a"></a>You fixed a bug in a rush, and now it's time to
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	626	close the entry in your team's bug database. The bug
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	627	database requires a changeset ID when you close an entry,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	628	but you don't remember which changeset you fixed the bug in.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	629	Once again, your binary test checks for the presence of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	630	bug.</p></li><li><p id="x_12b"><a name="x_12b"></a>Your software works correctly, but runs 15%
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	631	slower than the last time you measured it. You want to know
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	632	which changeset introduced the performance regression. In
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	633	this case, your binary test measures the performance of your
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	634	software, to see whether it's “<span class="quote">fast</span>” or
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	635	“<span class="quote">slow</span>”.</p></li><li><p id="x_12c"><a name="x_12c"></a>The sizes of the components of your project that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	636	you ship exploded recently, and you suspect that something
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	637	changed in the way you build your project.</p></li></ul></div><p id="x_12d"><a name="x_12d"></a>From these examples, it should be clear that the <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span> command is not useful only
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	638	for finding the sources of bugs. You can use it to find any
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	639	“<span class="quote">emergent property</span>” of a repository (anything that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	640	you can't find from a simple text search of the files in the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	641	tree) for which you can write a binary test.</p><p id="x_12e"><a name="x_12e"></a>We'll introduce a little bit of terminology here, just to
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	642	make it clear which parts of the search process are your
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	643	responsibility, and which are Mercurial's. A
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	644	<span class="emphasis"><em>test</em></span> is something that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	645	<span class="emphasis"><em>you</em></span> run when <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	646	bisect</strong></span> chooses a changeset. A
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	647	<span class="emphasis"><em>probe</em></span> is what <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	648	bisect</strong></span> runs to tell whether a revision is good.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	649	Finally, we'll use the word “<span class="quote">bisect</span>”, as both a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	650	noun and a verb, to stand in for the phrase “<span class="quote">search using
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	651	the <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	652
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	653	command</span>”.</p><p id="x_12f"><a name="x_12f"></a>One simple way to automate the searching process would be
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	654	simply to probe every changeset. However, this scales poorly.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	655	If it took ten minutes to test a single changeset, and you had
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	656	10,000 changesets in your repository, the exhaustive approach
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	657	would take on average 35 <span class="emphasis"><em>days</em></span> to find the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	658	changeset that introduced a bug. Even if you knew that the bug
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	659	was introduced by one of the last 500 changesets, and limited
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	660	your search to those, you'd still be looking at over 40 hours to
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	661	find the changeset that introduced your bug.</p><p id="x_130"><a name="x_130"></a>What the <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span> command
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	662	does is use its knowledge of the “<span class="quote">shape</span>” of your
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	663	project's revision history to perform a search in time
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	664	proportional to the <span class="emphasis"><em>logarithm</em></span> of the number
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	665	of changesets to check (the kind of search it performs is called
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	666	a dichotomic search). With this approach, searching through
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	667	10,000 changesets will take less than three hours, even at ten
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	668	minutes per test (the search will require about 14 tests).
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	669	Limit your search to the last hundred changesets, and it will
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	670	take only about an hour (roughly seven tests).</p><p id="x_131"><a name="x_131"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span> command is
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	671	aware of the “<span class="quote">branchy</span>” nature of a Mercurial
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	672	project's revision history, so it has no problems dealing with
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	673	branches, merges, or multiple heads in a repository. It can
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	674	prune entire branches of history with a single probe, which is
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	675	how it operates so efficiently.</p><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="id394992">Using the <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	676
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	677	command</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_132"><a name="x_132"></a>Here's an example of <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	678	bisect</strong></span> in action.</p><div class="note"><table border="0" summary="Note"><tr><td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="/support/figs/note.png"></td><th align="left">Note</th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p id="x_133"><a name="x_133"></a> In versions 0.9.5 and earlier of Mercurial, <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span> was not a core command:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	679	it was distributed with Mercurial as an extension. This
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	680	section describes the built-in command, not the old
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	681	extension.</p></td></tr></table></div><p id="x_134"><a name="x_134"></a>Now let's create a repository, so that we can try out the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	682	<span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span> command in
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	683	isolation.</p><pre id="id395406" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg init mybug</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	684
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	685	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>cd mybug</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	686	</pre><p id="x_135"><a name="x_135"></a>We'll simulate a project that has a bug in it in a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	687	simple-minded way: create trivial changes in a loop, and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	688	nominate one specific change that will have the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	689	“<span class="quote">bug</span>”. This loop creates 35 changesets, each
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	690	adding a single file to the repository. We'll represent our
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	691	“<span class="quote">bug</span>” with a file that contains the text “<span class="quote">i
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	692	have a gub</span>”.</p><pre id="id395397" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>buggy_change=22</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	693	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>for (( i = 0; i < 35; i++ )); do</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	694
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	695	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code> if [[ $i = $buggy_change ]]; then</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	696	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code> echo 'i have a gub' > myfile$i</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	697	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code> hg commit -q -A -m 'buggy changeset'</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	698	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code> else</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	699
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	700	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code> echo 'nothing to see here, move along' > myfile$i</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	701	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code> hg commit -q -A -m 'normal changeset'</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	702	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code> fi</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	703	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code>done</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	704
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	705	</pre><p id="x_136"><a name="x_136"></a>The next thing that we'd like to do is figure out how to
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	706	use the <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span> command.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	707	We can use Mercurial's normal built-in help mechanism for
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	708	this.</p><pre id="id395535" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg help bisect</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	709	hg bisect [-gbsr] [-c CMD] [REV]
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	710
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	711	subdivision search of changesets
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	712
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	713	This command helps to find changesets which introduce problems.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	714	To use, mark the earliest changeset you know exhibits the problem
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	715	as bad, then mark the latest changeset which is free from the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	716	problem as good. Bisect will update your working directory to a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	717	revision for testing (unless the --noupdate option is specified).
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	718	Once you have performed tests, mark the working directory as bad
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	719	or good and bisect will either update to another candidate changeset
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	720	or announce that it has found the bad revision.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	721
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	722	As a shortcut, you can also use the revision argument to mark a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	723	revision as good or bad without checking it out first.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	724
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	725	If you supply a command it will be used for automatic bisection. Its exit
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	726	status will be used as flag to mark revision as bad or good. In case exit
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	727	status is 0 the revision is marked as good, 125 - skipped, 127 (command not
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	728	found) - bisection will be aborted; any other status bigger than 0 will
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	729	mark revision as bad.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	730
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	731	options:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	732
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	733	-r --reset reset bisect state
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	734	-g --good mark changeset good
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	735	-b --bad mark changeset bad
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	736	-s --skip skip testing changeset
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	737	-c --command use command to check changeset state
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	738	-U --noupdate do not update to target
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	739
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	740	use "hg -v help bisect" to show global options
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	741	</pre><p id="x_137"><a name="x_137"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span> command
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	742	works in steps. Each step proceeds as follows.</p><div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1"><li><p id="x_138"><a name="x_138"></a>You run your binary test.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p id="x_139"><a name="x_139"></a>If the test succeeded, you tell <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span> by running the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	743	<span class="command"><strong>hg bisect --good</strong></span>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	744
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	745	command.</p></li><li><p id="x_13a"><a name="x_13a"></a>If it failed, run the <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect --bad</strong></span>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	746	command.</p></li></ul></div></li><li><p id="x_13b"><a name="x_13b"></a>The command uses your information to decide
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	747	which changeset to test next.</p></li><li><p id="x_13c"><a name="x_13c"></a>It updates the working directory to that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	748	changeset, and the process begins again.</p></li></ol></div><p id="x_13d"><a name="x_13d"></a>The process ends when <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	749	bisect</strong></span> identifies a unique changeset that marks
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	750	the point where your test transitioned from
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	751	“<span class="quote">succeeding</span>” to “<span class="quote">failing</span>”.</p><p id="x_13e"><a name="x_13e"></a>To start the search, we must run the <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect --reset</strong></span> command.</p><pre id="id395968" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg bisect --reset</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	752
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	753	</pre><p id="x_13f"><a name="x_13f"></a>In our case, the binary test we use is simple: we check to
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	754	see if any file in the repository contains the string “<span class="quote">i
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	755	have a gub</span>”. If it does, this changeset contains the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	756	change that “<span class="quote">caused the bug</span>”. By convention, a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	757	changeset that has the property we're searching for is
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	758	“<span class="quote">bad</span>”, while one that doesn't is
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	759	“<span class="quote">good</span>”.</p><p id="x_140"><a name="x_140"></a>Most of the time, the revision to which the working
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	760	directory is synced (usually the tip) already exhibits the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	761	problem introduced by the buggy change, so we'll mark it as
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	762	“<span class="quote">bad</span>”.</p><pre id="id396047" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg bisect --bad</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	763	</pre><p id="x_141"><a name="x_141"></a>Our next task is to nominate a changeset that we know
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	764	<span class="emphasis"><em>doesn't</em></span> have the bug; the <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span> command will
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	765	“<span class="quote">bracket</span>” its search between the first pair of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	766	good and bad changesets. In our case, we know that revision
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	767	10 didn't have the bug. (I'll have more words about choosing
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	768	the first “<span class="quote">good</span>” changeset later.)</p><pre id="id396032" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg bisect --good 10</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	769
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	770	Testing changeset 22:b8789808fc48 (24 changesets remaining, ~4 tests)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	771	0 files updated, 0 files merged, 12 files removed, 0 files unresolved
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	772	</pre><p id="x_142"><a name="x_142"></a>Notice that this command printed some output.</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p id="x_143"><a name="x_143"></a>It told us how many changesets it must
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	773	consider before it can identify the one that introduced
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	774	the bug, and how many tests that will require.</p></li><li><p id="x_144"><a name="x_144"></a>It updated the working directory to the next
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	775	changeset to test, and told us which changeset it's
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	776	testing.</p></li></ul></div><p id="x_145"><a name="x_145"></a>We now run our test in the working directory. We use the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	777	<span class="command"><strong>grep</strong></span> command to see if our
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	778	“<span class="quote">bad</span>” file is present in the working directory.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	779	If it is, this revision is bad; if not, this revision is good.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	780
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	781	</p><pre id="id395911" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>if grep -q 'i have a gub' *</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	782	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code>then</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	783
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	784	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code> result=bad</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	785	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code>else</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	786	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code> result=good</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	787	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code>fi</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	788	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>echo this revision is $result</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	789
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	790	this revision is bad
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	791	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg bisect --$result</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	792	Testing changeset 16:e61fdddff53e (12 changesets remaining, ~3 tests)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	793	0 files updated, 0 files merged, 6 files removed, 0 files unresolved
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	794	</pre><p>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	795
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	796	</p><p id="x_146"><a name="x_146"></a>This test looks like a perfect candidate for automation,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	797	so let's turn it into a shell function.</p><pre id="id396435" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>mytest() {</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	798	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code> if grep -q 'i have a gub' *</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	799
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	800	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code> then</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	801	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code> result=bad</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	802	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code> else</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	803	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code> result=good</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	804	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code> fi</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	805
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	806	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code> echo this revision is $result</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	807	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code> hg bisect --$result</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	808	<code class="prompt">></code> <strong class="userinput"><code>}</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	809	</pre><p id="x_147"><a name="x_147"></a>We can now run an entire test step with a single command,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	810	<code class="literal">mytest</code>.</p><pre id="id396403" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>mytest</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	811
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	812	this revision is good
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	813	Testing changeset 19:706df39b003b (6 changesets remaining, ~2 tests)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	814	3 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	815	</pre><p id="x_148"><a name="x_148"></a>A few more invocations of our canned test step command,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	816	and we're done.</p><pre id="id396344" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>mytest</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	817	this revision is good
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	818	Testing changeset 20:bf7ea9a054e6 (3 changesets remaining, ~1 tests)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	819	1 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	820	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>mytest</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	821	this revision is good
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	822	Testing changeset 21:921391dd45c1 (2 changesets remaining, ~1 tests)
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	823	1 files updated, 0 files merged, 0 files removed, 0 files unresolved
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	824	<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>mytest</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	825	this revision is good
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	826	The first bad revision is:
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	827	changeset: 22:b8789808fc48
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	828	user: Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@serpentine.com>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	829
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	830	date: Tue May 05 06:55:14 2009 +0000
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	831	summary: buggy changeset
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	832
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	833	</pre><p id="x_149"><a name="x_149"></a>Even though we had 40 changesets to search through, the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	834	<span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span> command let us find
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	835	the changeset that introduced our “<span class="quote">bug</span>” with only
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	836	five tests. Because the number of tests that the <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span> command performs grows
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	837	logarithmically with the number of changesets to search, the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	838	advantage that it has over the “<span class="quote">brute force</span>”
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	839	search approach increases with every changeset you add.</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="id396541">Cleaning up after your search</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_14a"><a name="x_14a"></a>When you're finished using the <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	840	bisect</strong></span> command in a repository, you can use the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	841	<span class="command"><strong>hg bisect --reset</strong></span> command to
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	842	drop the information it was using to drive your search. The
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	843	command doesn't use much space, so it doesn't matter if you
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	844	forget to run this command. However, <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span> won't let you start a new
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	845	search in that repository until you do a <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect --reset</strong></span>.</p><pre id="id396936" class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>hg bisect --reset</code></strong>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	846
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	847	</pre></div></div><div class="sect1" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both" id="id396622">Tips for finding bugs effectively</h2></div></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="id396628">Give consistent input</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_14b"><a name="x_14b"></a>The <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span> command
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	848	requires that you correctly report the result of every test
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	849	you perform. If you tell it that a test failed when it really
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	850	succeeded, it <span class="emphasis"><em>might</em></span> be able to detect the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	851	inconsistency. If it can identify an inconsistency in your
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	852	reports, it will tell you that a particular changeset is both
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	853	good and bad. However, it can't do this perfectly; it's about
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	854	as likely to report the wrong changeset as the source of the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	855	bug.</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="id396884">Automate as much as possible</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_14c"><a name="x_14c"></a>When I started using the <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	856	bisect</strong></span> command, I tried a few times to run my
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	857	tests by hand, on the command line. This is an approach that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	858	I, at least, am not suited to. After a few tries, I found
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	859	that I was making enough mistakes that I was having to restart
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	860	my searches several times before finally getting correct
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	861	results.</p><p id="x_14d"><a name="x_14d"></a>My initial problems with driving the <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span> command by hand occurred
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	862	even with simple searches on small repositories; if the
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	863	problem you're looking for is more subtle, or the number of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	864	tests that <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span> must
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	865	perform increases, the likelihood of operator error ruining
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	866	the search is much higher. Once I started automating my
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	867	tests, I had much better results.</p><p id="x_14e"><a name="x_14e"></a>The key to automated testing is twofold:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p id="x_14f"><a name="x_14f"></a>always test for the same symptom, and</p></li><li><p id="x_150"><a name="x_150"></a>always feed consistent input to the <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span> command.</p></li></ul></div><p id="x_151"><a name="x_151"></a>In my tutorial example above, the <span class="command"><strong>grep</strong></span>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	868
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	869	command tests for the symptom, and the <code class="literal">if</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	870	statement takes the result of this check and ensures that we
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	871	always feed the same input to the <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	872	bisect</strong></span> command. The <code class="literal">mytest</code>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	873	function marries these together in a reproducible way, so that
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	874	every test is uniform and consistent.</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="id396713">Check your results</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_152"><a name="x_152"></a>Because the output of a <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	875	bisect</strong></span> search is only as good as the input you
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	876	give it, don't take the changeset it reports as the absolute
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	877	truth. A simple way to cross-check its report is to manually
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	878	run your test at each of the following changesets:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li><p id="x_153"><a name="x_153"></a>The changeset that it reports as the first bad
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	879	revision. Your test should still report this as
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	880	bad.</p></li><li><p id="x_154"><a name="x_154"></a>The parent of that changeset (either parent,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	881	if it's a merge). Your test should report this changeset
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	882	as good.</p></li><li><p id="x_155"><a name="x_155"></a>A child of that changeset. Your test should
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	883	report this changeset as bad.</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="id396770">Beware interference between bugs</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_156"><a name="x_156"></a>It's possible that your search for one bug could be
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	884	disrupted by the presence of another. For example, let's say
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	885	your software crashes at revision 100, and worked correctly at
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	886	revision 50. Unknown to you, someone else introduced a
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	887	different crashing bug at revision 60, and fixed it at
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	888	revision 80. This could distort your results in one of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	889	several ways.</p><p id="x_157"><a name="x_157"></a>It is possible that this other bug completely
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	890	“<span class="quote">masks</span>” yours, which is to say that it occurs
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	891	before your bug has a chance to manifest itself. If you can't
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	892	avoid that other bug (for example, it prevents your project
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	893	from building), and so can't tell whether your bug is present
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	894	in a particular changeset, the <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	895	bisect</strong></span> command cannot help you directly. Instead,
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	896	you can mark a changeset as untested by running <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect --skip</strong></span>.</p><p id="x_158"><a name="x_158"></a>A different problem could arise if your test for a bug's
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	897	presence is not specific enough. If you check for “<span class="quote">my
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	898	program crashes</span>”, then both your crashing bug and an
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	899	unrelated crashing bug that masks it will look like the same
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	900	thing, and mislead <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	901	bisect</strong></span>.</p><p id="x_159"><a name="x_159"></a>Another useful situation in which to use <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect --skip</strong></span> is if you can't
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	902	test a revision because your project was in a broken and hence
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	903	untestable state at that revision, perhaps because someone
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	904	checked in a change that prevented the project from
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	905	building.</p></div><div class="sect2" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="id396856">Bracket your search lazily</h3></div></div></div><p id="x_15a"><a name="x_15a"></a>Choosing the first “<span class="quote">good</span>” and
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	906	“<span class="quote">bad</span>” changesets that will mark the end points of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	907	your search is often easy, but it bears a little discussion
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	908	nevertheless. From the perspective of <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span>, the “<span class="quote">newest</span>”
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	909	changeset is conventionally “<span class="quote">bad</span>”, and the older
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	910	changeset is “<span class="quote">good</span>”.</p><p id="x_15b"><a name="x_15b"></a>If you're having trouble remembering when a suitable
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	911	“<span class="quote">good</span>” change was, so that you can tell <span class="command"><strong>hg bisect</strong></span>, you could do worse than
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	912	testing changesets at random. Just remember to eliminate
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	913	contenders that can't possibly exhibit the bug (perhaps
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	914	because the feature with the bug isn't present yet) and those
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	915	where another problem masks the bug (as I discussed
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	916	above).</p><p id="x_15c"><a name="x_15c"></a>Even if you end up “<span class="quote">early</span>” by thousands of
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	917	changesets or months of history, you will only add a handful
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	918	of tests to the total number that <span class="command"><strong>hg
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	919	bisect</strong></span> must perform, thanks to its logarithmic
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	920	behavior.</p></div></div></div><div class="hgfooter"><p><img src="/support/figs/rss.png"> Want to stay up to date? Subscribe to the comment feed for <a id="chapterfeed" class="feed" href="/feeds/comments/">this chapter</a>, or the <a class="feed" href="/feeds/comments/">entire book</a>.</p><p>Copyright 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Bryan O'Sullivan.
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	921	Icons by <a href="mailto:mattahan@gmail.com">Paul Davey</a> aka <a href="http://mattahan.deviantart.com/">Mattahan</a>.</p></div><div class="navfooter"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="managing-releases-and-branchy-development.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"> </td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="handling-repository-events-with-hooks.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Chapter 8. Managing releases and branchy development </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Chapter 10. Handling repository events with hooks</td></tr></table></div><script type="text/javascript">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	922	var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www.");
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	923	document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	924	</script><script type="text/javascript">
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	925	try {
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	926	var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-1805907-5");
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	927	pageTracker._trackPageview();
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	928	} catch(err) {}</script></body></html>
8083d21c0020 The first commit of all the required files for the review app amit@thunder parents: diff changeset	929

author	amit@thunder
	Fri, 12 Feb 2010 01:11:21 +0530
changeset 2	52d12eb31c30
parent 0	web/html/backup/abcd.html@8083d21c0020
permissions	-rwxr-xr-x