commited changes made for scipy and cheatsheats.
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%Tutorial slides on Python.
%
% Author: FOSSEE
% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay
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% Title page
\title[Basic Python]{Python language: Data structures and functions}
\author[FOSSEE Team] {The FOSSEE Group}
\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
\date[] {15 December, 2009\\Day 2, Session 2}
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%% Delete this, if you do not want the table of contents to pop up at
%% the beginning of each subsection:
\AtBeginSubsection[]
{
\begin{frame}<beamer>
\frametitle{Outline}
\tableofcontents[currentsection,currentsubsection]
\end{frame}
}
\AtBeginSection[]
{
\begin{frame}<beamer>
\frametitle{Outline}
\tableofcontents[currentsection,currentsubsection]
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}
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% DOCUMENT STARTS
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}
\titlepage
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Outline}
\tableofcontents
% You might wish to add the option [pausesections]
\end{frame}
\section{Control flow}
\subsection{Basic Looping}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{\typ{while}}
\begin{block}{Example: Fibonacci series}
Sum of previous two elements defines the next
\end{block}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: a, b = 0, 1
In []: while b < 10:
...: print b,
...: a, b = b, a + b
...:
...:
\end{lstlisting}
\typ{1 1 2 3 5 8}\\
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{\typ{range()}}
\kwrd{range([start,] stop[, step])}\\
\begin{itemize}
\item \typ{range()} returns a list of integers
\item The \typ{start} and the \typ{step} arguments are optional
\item \typ{stop} is not included in the list
\end{itemize}
\vspace*{.5in}
\begin{block}{Documentation convention}
\begin{itemize}
\item \alert{Anything within \typ{[]} is optional}
\begin{itemize}
\item Nothing to do with Python.
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{\texttt{for} \ldots \typ{range()}}
Example: print squares of first \typ{5} numbers
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: for i in range(5):
....: print i, i * i
....:
....:
0 0
1 1
2 4
3 9
4 16
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{\texttt{for} \ldots \typ{range()}}
Example: print squares of odd numbers from 3 to 9
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: for i in range(3, 10, 2):
....: print i, i * i
....:
....:
3 9
5 25
7 49
9 81
\end{lstlisting}
\inctime{5}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Exercises}
\begin{frame}{Problem set 1: Problem 1.1}
Write a program that displays all three digit numbers that are equal to the sum of the cubes of their digits. That is, print numbers $abc$ that have the property $abc = a^3 + b^3 + c^3$\\
\vspace*{0.2in}
\emphbar{These are called $Armstrong$ numbers.}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Problem 1.2 - Collatz sequence}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Start with an arbitrary (positive) integer.
\item If the number is even, divide by 2; if the number is odd, multiply by 3 and add 1.
\item Repeat the procedure with the new number.
\item It appears that for all starting values there is a cycle of 4, 2, 1 at which the procedure loops.
\end{enumerate}
Write a program that accepts the starting value and prints out the Collatz sequence.
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]{Problem 1.3}
Write a program that prints the following pyramid on the screen.
\begin{lstlisting}
1
2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4 4
\end{lstlisting}
The number of lines must be obtained from the user.\\
\pause
\emphbar{When can your code fail?}
\inctime{5}
\end{frame}
\section{Data structures}
\subsection{Lists}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Lists}
\begin{block}{We already know that}
\begin{lstlisting}
num = [1, 2, 3, 4]
\end{lstlisting}
\centerline{is a list}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Lists: methods}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: num = [1, 2, 3, 4]
In []: num + [9, 10, 11]
Out[]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11]
In []: num.append([9, 10, 11])
In []: num
Out[]: [1, 2, 3, 4, [9, 10, 11]]
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Lists: methods}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: num = [1, 2, 3, 4]
In []: num.extend([5, 6, 7])
In []: num
Out[]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
In []: num.reverse()
In []: num
Out[]: [7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
In []: num.remove(6)
In []: num
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Lists: slicing}
\begin{itemize}
\item \typ{list[initial:final]}
\end{itemize}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
In []: a[1:3]
Out[]: [2, 3]
In []: a[1:-1]
Out[]: [2, 3, 4]
In []: a[:3]
Out[]: [1, 2, 3]
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Lists: slicing}
\begin{itemize}
\item \typ{list[initial:final:step]}
\end{itemize}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: a[1:-1:2]
Out[]: [2, 4]
In []: a[::2]
Out[]: [1, 3, 5]
In []: a[-1::-1]
Out[]: [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{List containership}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: 4 in num
Out[]: True
In []: b = 15
In []: b in num
Out[]: False
In []: b not in num
Out[]: True
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Tuples}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Tuples: Immutable lists}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: t = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
In []: t[0] + t[3] + t[-1]
Out[]: 13
In []: t[4] = 7
\end{lstlisting}
\pause
\begin{block}{Note:}
\begin{itemize}
\item Tuples are immutable - cannot be changed
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\inctime{10}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
{A classic problem}
\begin{block}
{Interchange values}
How to interchange values of two variables?
\end{block}
\pause
\begin{block}{Note:}
This Python idiom works for all types of variables.\\
They need not be of the same type!
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\subsection{Dictionaries}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Dictionaries: recall}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: player = {'Mat': 134,'Inn': 233,
'Runs': 10823, 'Avg': 52.53}
In []: player['Avg']
Out[]: 52.530000000000001
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{block}{Note!}
Duplicate keys $\Rightarrow$ overwritten!\\
You can iterate through a dictionary using keys.
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Dictionaries: containership}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: 'Inn' in player
Out[]: True
In []: 'Econ' in player
Out[]: False
\end{lstlisting}
\begin{block}{Note}
\begin{itemize}
\item We can check for the containership of keys only
\item Not values
\end{itemize}
\end{block}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Dictionaries: methods}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: player.keys()
Out[]: ['Runs', 'Inn', 'Avg', 'Mat']
In []: player.values()
Out[]: [10823, 233,
52.530000000000001, 134]
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame} {Problem Set 2.1: Problem 2.1.1}
You are given date strings of the form ``29 Jul, 2009'', or ``4 January 2008''. In other words a number, a string and another number, with a comma sometimes separating the items.\\Write a function that takes such a string and returns a tuple (yyyy, mm, dd) where all three elements are ints.
\end{frame}
\subsection{Sets}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Sets}
\begin{itemize}
\item Simplest container, mutable
\item No ordering, no duplicates
\item usual suspects: union, intersection, subset \ldots
\item >, >=, <, <=, in, \ldots
\end{itemize}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: f10 = set([1,2,3,5,8])
In []: p10 = set([2,3,5,7])
In []: f10 | p10
Out[]: set([1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8])
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Set \ldots}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: f10 & p10
Out[]: set([2, 3, 5])
In []: f10 - p10
Out[]: set([1, 8])
In []: p10 - f10, f10 ^ p10
Out[]: (set([7]), set([1, 7, 8]))
In []: set([2,3]) < p10
Out[]: True
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Set \ldots}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: set([2,3]) <= p10
Out[]: True
In []: 2 in p10
Out[]: True
In []: 4 in p10
Out[]: False
In []: len(f10)
Out[]: 5
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Problem set 2.2: Problem 2.2.1}
Given a dictionary of the names of students and their marks, identify how many duplicate marks are there? and what are these?
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Problem 2.2.2}
Given a list of words, find all the anagrams in the list.
\inctime{15}
\end{frame}
\section{Functions}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Functions}
\begin{itemize}
\item \kwrd{def} - keyword to define a function
\item Arguments are local to a function
\item Functions can return multiple values
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Functions: example}
\begin{lstlisting}
def signum( r ):
"""returns 0 if r is zero
-1 if r is negative
+1 if r is positive"""
if r < 0:
return -1
elif r > 0:
return 1
else:
return 0
\end{lstlisting}
\emphbar{Note docstrings}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle {What does this function do?}
\begin{lstlisting}
def what( n ):
if n < 0: n = -n
while n > 0:
if n % 2 == 1:
return False
n /= 10
return True
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
{What does this function do?}
\begin{lstlisting}
def what( n ):
i = 1
while i * i < n:
i += 1
return i * i == n, i
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{What did we learn?}
\begin{itemize}
\item Loops: \kwrd{while}, \kwrd{for}
\item Advanced Data structures:
\begin{itemize}
\item Lists
\item Tuples
\item Dictionaries
\item Sets
\end{itemize}
\item Functions
\item Docstrings
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\end{document}