32 In []: x = [0, 1, 2, 3] |
32 In []: x = [0, 1, 2, 3] |
33 In []: y = [7, 11, 15, 19] |
33 In []: y = [7, 11, 15, 19] |
34 In []: plot(x, y) |
34 In []: plot(x, y) |
35 In []: clf() |
35 In []: clf() |
36 In []: plot(x, y, 'o') # Plotting Circles |
36 In []: plot(x, y, 'o') # Plotting Circles |
37 #Dots - '.', #Dashed lines - '--' #Lines - '-' |
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38 \end{lstlisting} |
37 \end{lstlisting} |
39 |
38 |
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39 \subsection{Line style/marker} |
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40 \begin{lstlisting} |
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41 The following format string characters are accepted |
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42 to control the line style or marker: |
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43 |
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44 ================ =============================== |
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45 character description |
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46 ================ =============================== |
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47 '-' solid line style |
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48 '--' dashed line style |
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49 '-.' dash-dot line style |
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50 ':' dotted line style |
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51 '.' point marker |
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52 ',' pixel marker |
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53 'o' circle marker |
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54 'v' triangle_down marker |
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55 '^' triangle_up marker |
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56 '<' triangle_left marker |
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57 '>' triangle_right marker |
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58 '1' tri_down marker |
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59 '2' tri_up marker |
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60 '3' tri_left marker |
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61 '4' tri_right marker |
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62 's' square marker |
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63 'p' pentagon marker |
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64 '*' star marker |
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65 'h' hexagon1 marker |
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66 'H' hexagon2 marker |
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67 '+' plus marker |
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68 'x' x marker |
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69 'D' diamond marker |
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70 'd' thin_diamond marker |
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71 '|' vline marker |
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72 '_' hline marker |
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73 ================ =============================== |
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74 |
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75 \end{lstlisting} |
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76 |
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77 \subsection{Marker combinations} |
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78 \typ{In []: plot(x, y, 'ro')} \\ |
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79 This plots figure with red colored filled circles.\\ |
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80 Similarly other combination of colors and marker can be used. |
40 \section{Lists} |
81 \section{Lists} |
41 |
82 |
42 Initializing |
83 Initializing |
43 \begin{lstlisting} |
84 \begin{lstlisting} |
44 In []: mtlist = [] # Empty List |
85 In []: mtlist = [] # Empty List |
50 Out[]: [2, 3] |
91 Out[]: [2, 3] |
51 |
92 |
52 In []: lst[1:-1] |
93 In []: lst[1:-1] |
53 Out[]: [2, 3, 4] |
94 Out[]: [2, 3, 4] |
54 \end{lstlisting} |
95 \end{lstlisting} |
55 Appending to lists |
96 \subsection{Appending to lists} |
56 \begin{lstlisting} |
97 \begin{lstlisting} |
57 In []: a = [ 6, 7, 8, 9] |
98 In []: a = [ 6, 7, 8, 9] |
58 In []: b = lst + a |
99 In []: b = lst + a |
59 In []: b |
100 In []: b |
60 Out[]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] |
101 Out[]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] |
61 |
102 |
62 In []: lst.append(6) |
103 In []: lst.append(6) |
63 In []: lst |
104 In []: lst |
64 Out[]: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] |
105 Out[]: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] |
65 \end{lstlisting} |
106 \end{lstlisting} |
66 Iterating over a List |
107 \subsection{Iterating over a List} |
67 \begin{lstlisting} |
108 \begin{lstlisting} |
68 In []: for each in b: # Iterating over the list, element-wise |
109 In []: for element in b: # Iterating over the list, element-wise |
69 ....: print b # Print each element |
110 ....: print element # Print each element |
70 ....: |
111 ....: |
71 \end{lstlisting} |
112 \end{lstlisting} |
72 |
113 |
73 Splitting Strings |
114 \section{Strings} |
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115 \subsection{Splitting Strings} |
74 \begin{lstlisting} |
116 \begin{lstlisting} |
75 In [20]: line = '1.2000e-01 7.4252e-01' |
117 In []: greet = ``hello world'' |
76 In [21]: point = line.split() # Splits the string at the space |
118 In []: print greet.split() |
77 Out[21]: ['1.2000e-01', '7.4252e-01'] |
119 Out[]: ['hello', 'world'] |
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120 In []: greet = ``hello, world'' |
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121 In []: print greet.split(',') |
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122 Out[]: ['hello', ' world'] # Note the whitespace before 'world' |
78 \end{lstlisting} |
123 \end{lstlisting} |
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124 A string can be split based on the delimiter specified within quotes. A combination of more than one delimiter can also be used.\\ |
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125 \typ{In []: greet.split(', ')}\\ |
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126 \typ{Out[]: ['hello', 'world']}\\Note the whitespace is not there anymore. |
79 |
127 |
80 Plotting from Files |
128 \section{Plotting from Files} |
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129 \subsection{Opening, reading and writing files} |
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130 |
81 \begin{lstlisting} |
131 \begin{lstlisting} |
82 In [22]: L = [] |
132 In []: f = open('datafile.txt') #By default opens in read mode. If file does not exist then it throws an exception |
83 In [23]: T = [] |
133 In []: f = open('datafile.txt','r') #Specifying the read mode |
84 |
134 In []: f = open('datafile.txt', 'w') #Opens the file in write mode. If the file already exists, then it deletes all the previous content and opens. |
85 #Open a file & operate on each line |
135 \end{lstlisting} |
86 In [24]: for line in open('pendulum.txt'): |
136 \subsection{Plotting} |
87 .... point = line.split() |
137 \begin{lstlisting} |
88 .... L.append(float(point[0])) |
138 l = [] |
89 .... T.append(float(point[1])) |
139 t = [] |
90 In [25]: TSq = [] |
140 for line in open('pendulum.txt'): |
91 In [26]: for t in T: |
141 point = line.split() |
92 ....: TSq.append(t*t) |
142 l.append(float(point[0])) |
93 ....: |
143 t.append(float(point[1])) |
94 ....: |
144 tsq = [] |
95 In [27]: plot(L, TSq, '.') |
145 for time in t: |
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146 tsq.append(time*time) |
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147 plot(l, tsq, '.') |
96 \end{lstlisting} |
148 \end{lstlisting} |
97 |
149 |
98 \end{document} |
150 \end{document} |
99 |
151 |