38 \begin{lstlisting} |
38 \begin{lstlisting} |
39 while condition: |
39 while condition: |
40 statement1 |
40 statement1 |
41 statement2 |
41 statement2 |
42 \end{lstlisting} |
42 \end{lstlisting} |
43 All the statements are executed, till the condition statement evaluates to True. |
43 All statements are executed, till the condition statement evaluates to True. |
44 \subsection{\typ{for} and \typ{range}} |
44 \subsection{\typ{for} and \typ{range}} |
45 \typ{range(start, stop, step)}\\ |
45 \typ{range(start, stop, step)}\\ |
46 returns a list containing an arithmetic progression of integers.\\ |
46 returns a list containing an arithmetic progression of integers.\\ |
47 Of the arguments mentioned above, both start and step are optional.\\ |
47 Of the arguments mentioned above, both start and step are optional.\\ |
48 For example, if we skip third argument, i.e \typ{step}, then default value is 1. So: |
48 For example, if we skip third argument, i.e \typ{step}, default is taken as 1. So: |
49 \begin{lstlisting} |
49 \begin{lstlisting} |
50 In []: range(1,10) |
50 In []: range(1,10) |
51 Out[]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] |
51 Out[]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] |
52 \end{lstlisting} |
52 \end{lstlisting} |
53 \textbf{Note:} stop value is not included in the list.\\ |
53 \textbf{Note:} stop value is not included in the list.\\ |
54 Similarly if we don't pass \typ{start} argument, default is taken to be 0. |
54 Similarly if we don't pass \typ{first} argument (in this case \typ{start}), default is taken to be 0. |
55 \begin{lstlisting} |
55 \begin{lstlisting} |
56 In []: range(10) |
56 In []: range(10) |
57 Out[]: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] |
57 Out[]: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] |
58 \end{lstlisting} |
58 \end{lstlisting} |
59 In case \typ{step} is mentioned, the jump between consecutive members of the list would be equal to that. |
59 In case third argument is mentioned(\typ{step}), the jump between consecutive members of the list would be equal to that. |
60 \begin{lstlisting} |
60 \begin{lstlisting} |
61 In []: range(1,10,2) |
61 In []: range(1,10,2) |
62 Out[]: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9] |
62 Out[]: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9] |
63 \end{lstlisting} |
63 \end{lstlisting} |
64 %Notice the jump between two consecutive elements is 2, i.e step.\\ |
64 %Notice the jump between two consecutive elements is 2, i.e step.\\ |
92 In []: num[5] # ERROR: throws a index error |
92 In []: num[5] # ERROR: throws a index error |
93 IndexError: list index out of range |
93 IndexError: list index out of range |
94 In []: num[-1] |
94 In []: num[-1] |
95 Out[]: 4 |
95 Out[]: 4 |
96 \end{lstlisting} |
96 \end{lstlisting} |
97 \textbf{Note: }\typ{-1} points the last element in a list. Similarly to access third last element of a list one can use: |
97 \textbf{Note: }\typ{-1} points to last element in a list. Similarly to access third last element of a list one can use: |
98 \begin{lstlisting} |
98 \begin{lstlisting} |
99 In []: num[-3] |
99 In []: num[-3] |
100 Out[]: 2 |
100 Out[]: 2 |
101 \end{lstlisting} |
101 \end{lstlisting} |
102 \subsection{Adding lists and elements} |
102 \subsection{\typ{list} operations} |
103 \begin{lstlisting} |
103 \begin{lstlisting} |
104 In []: num += [9, 10, 11] # Adding two lists |
104 In []: num += [9, 10, 11] # Concatenating two lists |
105 In []: num |
105 In []: num |
106 Out[]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11] |
106 Out[]: [1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11] |
107 \end{lstlisting} |
107 \end{lstlisting} |
108 \typ{list} provides \typ{append} function to append objects at the end. |
108 \typ{list} provides \typ{append} function to append objects at the end. |
109 \begin{lstlisting} |
109 \begin{lstlisting} |
160 Start slice from second element(1), till the last element(-1) with step size of 2. |
160 Start slice from second element(1), till the last element(-1) with step size of 2. |
161 \begin{lstlisting} |
161 \begin{lstlisting} |
162 In []: a[::2] |
162 In []: a[::2] |
163 Out[]: [1, 3, 5] |
163 Out[]: [1, 3, 5] |
164 \end{lstlisting} |
164 \end{lstlisting} |
165 Start from beginning(since \typ{initial} is blank), till last of list(this time last element is included, as \typ{final} is blank), with step size of 2.\\ |
165 Start from beginning(since \typ{initial} is blank), till last(this time last element is included, as \typ{final} is blank), with step size of 2.\\ |
166 Apart from using \typ{reverse} command on list, one can also use slicing in special way to get reverse of a list. |
166 Apart from using \typ{reverse} command on list, one can also use slicing in special way to get reverse of a list. |
167 \begin{lstlisting} |
167 \begin{lstlisting} |
168 In []: a[-1:-4:-1] |
168 In []: a[-1:-4:-1] |
169 Out[]: [5, 4, 3] |
169 Out[]: [5, 4, 3] |
170 \end{lstlisting} |
170 \end{lstlisting} |
226 Out[]: 134 |
226 Out[]: 134 |
227 In [21]: player |
227 In [21]: player |
228 Out[21]: {'Avg': 52.530000000000001, 'Inn': 233, |
228 Out[21]: {'Avg': 52.530000000000001, 'Inn': 233, |
229 'Name': 'Rahul Dravid', 'Runs': 10823} |
229 'Name': 'Rahul Dravid', 'Runs': 10823} |
230 \end{lstlisting} |
230 \end{lstlisting} |
231 \textbf{Note:} Duplicate keys are overwritten!\\ |
|
232 \begin{lstlisting} |
231 \begin{lstlisting} |
233 In []: player['Name'] = 'Dravid' |
232 In []: player['Name'] = 'Dravid' |
234 In []: player |
233 In []: player |
235 Out[23]: {'Avg': 52.530000000000001, 'Inn': 233, |
234 Out[23]: {'Avg': 52.530000000000001, 'Inn': 233, |
236 'Name': 'Dravid', 'Runs': 10823} |
235 'Name': 'Dravid', 'Runs': 10823} |
237 \end{lstlisting} |
236 \end{lstlisting} |
|
237 \textbf{Note:} Duplicate keys are overwritten! |
238 \subsection{containership} |
238 \subsection{containership} |
239 \begin{lstlisting} |
239 \begin{lstlisting} |
240 In []: 'Inn' in player |
240 In []: 'Inn' in player |
241 Out[]: True |
241 Out[]: True |
242 In []: 'Econ' in player |
242 In []: 'Econ' in player |
243 Out[]: False |
243 Out[]: False |
244 \end{lstlisting} |
244 \end{lstlisting} |
245 \textbf{Note:} Containership is always checked on 'keys' of dictionary but not 'values'.\\ |
245 \textbf{Note:} Containership is always checked on 'keys' of dictionary, never on 'values'.\\ |
246 \subsection{Methods} |
246 \subsection{Methods} |
247 \begin{lstlisting} |
247 \begin{lstlisting} |
248 In []: player.keys() # returns list of all keys |
248 In []: player.keys() # returns list of all keys |
249 Out[]: ['Runs', 'Inn', 'Avg', 'Mat'] |
249 Out[]: ['Runs', 'Inn', 'Avg', 'Mat'] |
250 |
250 |