author | Madhusudan.C.S <madhusudancs@gmail.com> |
Fri, 06 Nov 2009 18:33:08 +0530 | |
changeset 288 | c4e25269a86c |
parent 92 | d9c31aacd835 |
permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
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\documentclass[12pt]{article} |
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\title{Python Workshop\\Problems and Exercises} |
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\author{Asokan Pichai\\Prabhu Ramachandran} |
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\begin{document} |
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\maketitle |
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|
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\section{Python} |
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\subsection{Getting started} |
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\begin{verbatim} |
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>>> print 'Hello Python' |
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>>> print 3124 * 126789 |
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>>> 1786 % 12 |
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>>> 3124 * 126789 |
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>>> a = 3124 * 126789 |
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>>> big = 12345678901234567890 ** 3 |
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>>> verybig = big * big * big * big |
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>>> 12345**6, 12345**67, 12345**678 |
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|
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>>> s = 'Hello ' |
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>>> p = 'World' |
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>>> s + p |
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>>> s * 12 |
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>>> s * s |
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>>> s + p * 12, (s + p)* 12 |
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>>> s * 12 + p * 12 |
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>>> 12 * s |
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\end{verbatim} |
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\newpage |
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|
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\begin{verbatim} |
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>>> 17/2 |
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>>> 17/2.0 |
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>>> 17.0/2 |
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>>> 17.0/8.5 |
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>>> int(17/2.0) |
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>>> float(17/2) |
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>>> str(17/2.0) |
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>>> round( 7.5 ) |
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\end{verbatim} |
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|
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\subsection{Mini exercises} |
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\begin{itemize} |
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\item Round a float to the nearest integer, using \texttt{int()}? |
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\item What does this do? \\\texttt{round(amount * 10) /10.0 } |
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\item How to round a number to the nearest 5 paise? |
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\begin{description} |
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\item[Remember] 17.23 $\rightarrow$ 17.25,\\ while 17.22 $\rightarrow$ 17.20 |
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\end{description} |
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\item How to round a number to the nearest 20 paise? |
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\end{itemize} |
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|
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\begin{verbatim} |
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amount = 12.68 |
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denom = 0.05 |
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nCoins = round(amount/denom) |
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rAmount = nCoins * denom |
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\end{verbatim} |
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\subsection{Dynamic typing} |
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\begin{verbatim} |
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a = 1 |
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a = 1.1 |
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a = "Now I am a string!" |
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\end{verbatim} |
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|
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\subsection{Comments} |
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\begin{verbatim} |
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a = 1 # In-line comments |
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# Comment in a line to itself. |
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a = "# This is not a comment!" |
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\end{verbatim} |
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\section{Data types} |
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\subsection{Numbers} |
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\begin{verbatim} |
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>>> a = 1 # Int. |
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>>> l = 1000000L # Long |
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>>> e = 1.01325e5 # float |
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>>> f = 3.14159 # float |
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>>> c = 1+1j # Complex! |
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>>> print f*c/a |
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(3.14159+3.14159j) |
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>>> print c.real, c.imag |
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1.0 1.0 |
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>>> abs(c) |
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1.4142135623730951 |
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>>> abs( 8 - 9.5 ) |
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1.5 |
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\end{verbatim} |
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|
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\subsection{Boolean} |
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\begin{verbatim} |
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>>> t = True |
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>>> f = not t |
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False |
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>>> f or t |
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True |
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>>> f and t |
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False |
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>>> NOT True |
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\ldots ??? |
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>>> not TRUE |
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\ldots ??? |
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\end{verbatim} |
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|
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\subsection{Relational and logical operators} |
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\begin{verbatim} |
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>>> a, b, c = -1, 0, 1 |
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>>> a == b |
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False |
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>>> a <= b |
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112 |
True |
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>>> a + b != c |
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114 |
True |
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>>> a < b < c |
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116 |
True |
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>>> c >= a + b |
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118 |
True |
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\end{verbatim} |
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120 |
|
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\subsection{Strings} |
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\begin{verbatim} |
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s = 'this is a string' |
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s = 'This one has "quotes" inside!' |
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s = "I have 'single-quotes' inside!" |
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l = "A string spanning many lines\ |
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one more line\ |
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128 |
yet another" |
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129 |
t = """A triple quoted string does |
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130 |
not need to be escaped at the end and |
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131 |
"can have nested quotes" etc.""" |
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132 |
\end{verbatim} |
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133 |
|
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134 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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135 |
>>> w = "hello" |
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136 |
>>> print w[0] + w[2] + w[-1] |
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137 |
hlo |
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138 |
>>> len(w) # guess what |
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139 |
5 |
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140 |
>>> s = u'Unicode strings!' |
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141 |
>>> # Raw strings (note the leading 'r') |
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142 |
... r_s = r'A string $\alpha \nu$' |
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143 |
\end{verbatim} |
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144 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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145 |
>>> w[0] = 'H' # Can't do that! |
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146 |
Traceback (most recent call last): |
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147 |
File "<stdin>", line 1, in ? |
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148 |
TypeError: object does not support item assignment |
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149 |
\end{verbatim} |
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150 |
|
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151 |
\subsection{IPython} |
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152 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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153 |
In [1]: a = 'hello world' |
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154 |
In [2]: a.startswith('hell') |
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155 |
Out[2]: True |
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156 |
In [3]: a.endswith('ld') |
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157 |
Out[3]: True |
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158 |
In [4]: a.upper() |
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159 |
Out[4]: 'HELLO WORLD' |
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160 |
In [5]: a.upper().lower() |
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161 |
Out[5]: 'hello world' |
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162 |
|
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163 |
In [6]: a.split() |
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164 |
Out[6]: ['hello', 'world'] |
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165 |
In [7]: ''.join(['a', 'b', 'c']) |
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166 |
Out[7]: 'abc' |
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167 |
In [8] 'd' in ''.join( 'a', 'b', 'c') |
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168 |
Out[8]: False |
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169 |
a.split( 'o' )} |
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170 |
??? |
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171 |
'x'.join( a.split( 'o' ) ) |
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172 |
??? |
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173 |
|
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174 |
In [11]: x, y = 1, 1.2 |
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175 |
In [12]: 'x is %s, y is %s' %(x, y) |
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176 |
Out[12]: 'x is 1, y is 1.234' |
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177 |
|
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178 |
'x is \%d, y is \%f' \%(x, y) |
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179 |
??? |
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180 |
'x is \%3d, y is \%4.2f' \%(x, y) |
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181 |
??? |
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182 |
\end{verbatim} |
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183 |
|
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184 |
\subsection{A classic problem} |
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185 |
How to interchange values of two variables? Please note that the type of either variable is unknown and it is not necessary that both be of the same type even! |
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186 |
|
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187 |
\subsection{Basic conditional flow} |
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188 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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189 |
In [21]: a = 7 |
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190 |
In [22]: b = 8 |
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191 |
In [23]: if a > b: |
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192 |
....: print 'Hello' |
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193 |
....: else: |
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194 |
....: print 'World' |
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195 |
....: |
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196 |
....: |
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197 |
World |
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198 |
\end{verbatim} |
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199 |
|
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200 |
\subsection{\texttt{If...elif...else} example} |
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201 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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202 |
x = int(raw_input("Enter an integer:")) |
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203 |
if x < 0: |
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204 |
print 'Be positive!' |
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205 |
elif x == 0: |
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206 |
print 'Zero' |
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207 |
elif x == 1: |
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208 |
print 'Single' |
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209 |
else: |
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210 |
print 'More' |
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211 |
\end{verbatim} |
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212 |
|
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213 |
\subsection{Basic looping} |
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214 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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215 |
# Fibonacci series: |
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216 |
# the sum of two elements |
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217 |
# defines the next |
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218 |
a, b = 0, 1 |
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219 |
while b < 10: |
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220 |
print b, |
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221 |
a, b = b, a + b |
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222 |
|
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223 |
\end{verbatim} |
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224 |
|
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225 |
\section{Problem set 1} |
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226 |
All the problems can be solved using \texttt{if} and \texttt{while} |
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227 |
\begin{description} |
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228 |
\item[1.1] Write a program that displays all three digit numbers that are equal to the sum of the cubes of their digits. That is, print numbers $abc$ that have the property $abc = a^3 + b^3 + c^3$\\ |
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229 |
These are called $Armstrong$ numbers. |
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230 |
|
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231 |
\item[1.2 Collatz sequence] |
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232 |
\begin{enumerate} |
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233 |
\item Start with an arbitrary (positive) integer. |
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234 |
\item If the number is even, divide by 2; if the number is odd multiply by 3 and add 1. |
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235 |
\item Repeat the procedure with the new number. |
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236 |
\item There is a cycle of 4, 2, 1 at which the procedure loops. |
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237 |
\end{enumerate} |
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238 |
Write a program that accepts the starting value and prints out the Collatz sequence. |
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239 |
|
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240 |
\item[1.3] |
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241 |
Write a program that prints the following pyramid on the screen. |
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242 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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243 |
1 |
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244 |
2 2 |
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245 |
3 3 3 |
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246 |
4 4 4 4 |
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247 |
\end{verbatim} |
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248 |
The number of lines must be obtained from the user as input.\\ |
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249 |
When can your code fail? |
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250 |
\end{description} |
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251 |
|
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252 |
\subsection{Functions: examples} |
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253 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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254 |
def signum( r ): |
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"""returns 0 if r is zero |
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256 |
-1 if r is negative |
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257 |
+1 if r is positive""" |
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258 |
if r < 0: |
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259 |
return -1 |
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260 |
elif r > 0: |
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261 |
return 1 |
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262 |
else: |
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263 |
return 0 |
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264 |
|
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265 |
def pad( n, size ): |
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266 |
"""pads integer n with spaces |
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267 |
into a string of length size |
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268 |
""" |
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269 |
SPACE = ' ' |
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s = str( n ) |
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271 |
padSize = size - len( s ) |
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272 |
return padSize * SPACE + s |
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273 |
\end{verbatim} |
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274 |
What about \%3d? |
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275 |
|
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276 |
\subsection {What does this function do?} |
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277 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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278 |
def what( n ): |
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279 |
if n < 0: n = -n |
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280 |
while n > 0: |
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281 |
if n % 2 == 1: |
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282 |
return False |
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283 |
n /= 10 |
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284 |
return True |
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285 |
\end{verbatim} |
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286 |
\newpage |
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287 |
|
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288 |
\subsection{What does this function do?} |
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289 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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290 |
def what( n ): |
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291 |
i = 1 |
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292 |
while i * i < n: |
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293 |
i += 1 |
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294 |
return i * i == n, i |
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295 |
\end{verbatim} |
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296 |
|
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297 |
\subsection{What does this function do?} |
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298 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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299 |
def what( n, x ): |
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300 |
z = 1.0 |
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301 |
if n < 0: |
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302 |
x = 1.0 / x |
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303 |
n = -n |
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304 |
while n > 0: |
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305 |
if n % 2 == 1: |
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306 |
z *= x |
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307 |
n /= 2 |
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308 |
x *= x |
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309 |
return z |
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310 |
\end{verbatim} |
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311 |
|
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312 |
\section{Problem set 2} |
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313 |
The focus is on writing functions and calling them. |
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314 |
\begin{description} |
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315 |
\item[2.1] Write a function to return the gcd of two numbers. |
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316 |
\item[2.2 Primitive Pythagorean Triads] A pythagorean triad $(a,b,c)$ has the property $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$.\\By primitive we mean triads that do not `depend' on others. For example, (4,3,5) is a variant of (3,4,5) and hence is not primitive. And (10,24,26) is easily derived from (5,12,13) and should not be displayed by our program. \\ |
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317 |
Write a program to print primitive pythagorean triads. The program should generate all triads with a, b values in the range 0---100 |
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318 |
\item[2.3] Write a program that generates a list of all four digit numbers that have all their digits even and are perfect squares.\\For example, the output should include 6400 but not 8100 (one digit is odd) or 4248 (not a perfect square). |
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319 |
\item[2.4 Aliquot] The aliquot of a number is defined as: the sum of the \emph{proper} divisors of the number. For example, the aliquot(12) = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 = 16.\\ |
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320 |
Write a function that returns the aliquot number of a given number. |
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321 |
\item[2.5 Amicable pairs] A pair of numbers (a, b) is said to be \emph{amicable} if the aliquot number of a is b and the aliquot number of b is a.\\ |
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322 |
Example: \texttt{220, 284}\\ |
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323 |
Write a program that prints all five digit amicable pairs. |
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324 |
\end{description} |
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325 |
|
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326 |
\section{Lists} |
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327 |
\subsection{List creation and indexing} |
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328 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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329 |
>>> a = [] # An empty list. |
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330 |
>>> a = [1, 2, 3, 4] # More useful. |
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331 |
>>> len(a) |
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332 |
4 |
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333 |
>>> a[0] + a[1] + a[2] + a[-1] |
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334 |
10 |
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335 |
\end{verbatim} |
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336 |
|
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337 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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338 |
>>> a[1:3] # A slice. |
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|
339 |
[2, 3] |
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|
340 |
>>> a[1:-1] |
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|
341 |
[2, 3, 4] |
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342 |
>>> a[1:] == a[1:-1] |
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|
343 |
False |
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344 |
\end{verbatim} |
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|
345 |
Explain last result |
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346 |
|
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347 |
\newpage |
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348 |
\subsection{List: more slices} |
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349 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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350 |
>>> a[0:-1:2] # Notice the step! |
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351 |
[1, 3] |
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352 |
>>> a[::2] |
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353 |
[1, 3] |
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354 |
>>> a[-1::-1] |
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355 |
\end{verbatim} |
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356 |
What do you think the last one will do?\\ |
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357 |
\emph{Note: Strings also use same indexing and slicing.} |
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358 |
\subsection{List: examples} |
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359 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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360 |
>>> a = [1, 2, 3, 4] |
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361 |
>>> a[:2] |
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362 |
[1, 3] |
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363 |
>>> a[0:-1:2] |
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364 |
[1, 3] |
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365 |
\end{verbatim} |
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366 |
\emph{Lists are mutable (unlike strings)} |
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367 |
|
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368 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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369 |
>>> a[1] = 20 |
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370 |
>>> a |
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371 |
[1, 20, 3, 4] |
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372 |
\end{verbatim} |
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373 |
|
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374 |
\subsection{Lists are mutable and heterogenous} |
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375 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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376 |
>>> a = ['spam', 'eggs', 100, 1234] |
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377 |
>>> a[2] = a[2] + 23 |
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378 |
>>> a |
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379 |
['spam', 'eggs', 123, 1234] |
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|
380 |
>>> a[0:2] = [1, 12] # Replace items |
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|
381 |
>>> a |
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parents:
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|
382 |
[1, 12, 123, 1234] |
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|
383 |
>>> a[0:2] = [] # Remove items |
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parents:
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|
384 |
>>> a.append( 12345 ) |
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|
385 |
>>> a |
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parents:
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|
386 |
[123, 1234, 12345] |
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|
387 |
\end{verbatim} |
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parents:
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|
388 |
|
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parents:
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|
389 |
\subsection{List methods} |
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|
390 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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parents:
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|
391 |
>>> a = ['spam', 'eggs', 1, 12] |
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parents:
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|
392 |
>>> a.reverse() # in situ |
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|
393 |
>>> a |
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parents:
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|
394 |
[12, 1, 'eggs', 'spam'] |
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parents:
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|
395 |
>>> a.append(['x', 1]) |
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|
396 |
>>> a |
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parents:
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|
397 |
[12, 1, 'eggs', 'spam', ['x', 1]] |
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parents:
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|
398 |
>>> a.extend([1,2]) # Extend the list. |
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parents:
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|
399 |
>>> a.remove( 'spam' ) |
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parents:
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|
400 |
>>> a |
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parents:
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|
401 |
[12, 1, 'eggs', ['x', 1], 1, 2] |
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|
402 |
\end{verbatim} |
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parents:
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|
403 |
|
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parents:
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|
404 |
\subsection{List containership} |
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|
405 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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|
406 |
>>> a = ['cat', 'dog', 'rat', 'croc'] |
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|
407 |
>>> 'dog' in a |
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|
408 |
True |
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|
409 |
>>> 'snake' in a |
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|
410 |
False |
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|
411 |
>>> 'snake' not in a |
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|
412 |
True |
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parents:
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|
413 |
>>> 'ell' in 'hello world' |
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|
414 |
True |
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|
415 |
\end{verbatim} |
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|
416 |
\subsection{Tuples: immutable} |
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|
417 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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|
418 |
>>> t = (0, 1, 2) |
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|
419 |
>>> print t[0], t[1], t[2], t[-1] |
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420 |
0 1 2 2 |
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|
421 |
>>> t[0] = 1 |
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parents:
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|
422 |
Traceback (most recent call last): |
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|
423 |
File "<stdin>", line 1, in ? |
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parents:
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|
424 |
TypeError: object does not support item assignment |
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|
425 |
\end{verbatim} |
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parents:
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|
426 |
Multiple return values are actually a tuple.\\ |
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parents:
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|
427 |
Exchange is tuple (un)packing |
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parents:
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|
428 |
\subsection{\texttt{range()} function} |
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parents:
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|
429 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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parents:
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|
430 |
>>> range(7) |
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|
431 |
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] |
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|
432 |
>>> range( 3, 9) |
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433 |
[3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] |
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parents:
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|
434 |
>>> range( 4, 17, 3) |
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|
435 |
[4, 7, 10, 13, 16] |
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parents:
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|
436 |
>>> range( 5, 1, -1) |
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parents:
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|
437 |
[5, 4, 3, 2] |
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parents:
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|
438 |
>>> range( 8, 12, -1) |
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parents:
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|
439 |
[] |
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|
440 |
\end{verbatim} |
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|
441 |
|
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parents:
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|
442 |
\subsection{\texttt{for\ldots range(\ldots)} idiom} |
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|
443 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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|
444 |
In [83]: for i in range(5): |
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parents:
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|
445 |
....: print i, i * i |
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|
446 |
....: |
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|
447 |
....: |
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parents:
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|
448 |
0 0 |
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|
449 |
1 1 |
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|
450 |
2 4 |
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|
451 |
3 9 |
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parents:
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|
452 |
4 16 |
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parents:
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|
453 |
\end{verbatim} |
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parents:
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|
454 |
|
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parents:
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|
455 |
\subsection{\texttt{for}: the list companion} |
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parents:
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changeset
|
456 |
|
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parents:
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|
457 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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parents:
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|
458 |
In [84]: a = ['a', 'b', 'c'] |
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parents:
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changeset
|
459 |
In [85]: for x in a: |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
460 |
....: print x, chr( ord(x) + 10 ) |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
461 |
....: |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
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|
462 |
a k |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
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|
463 |
b l |
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parents:
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|
464 |
c m |
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parents:
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|
465 |
\end{verbatim} |
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parents:
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changeset
|
466 |
|
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
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changeset
|
467 |
\subsection{\texttt{for}: the list companion} |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
468 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
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changeset
|
469 |
In [89]: for p, ch in enumerate( a ): |
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parents:
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|
470 |
....: print p, ch |
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parents:
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|
471 |
....: |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
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changeset
|
472 |
....: |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
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|
473 |
0 a |
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parents:
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changeset
|
474 |
1 b |
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parents:
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|
475 |
2 c |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
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|
476 |
\end{verbatim} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
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|
477 |
Try: \texttt{print enumerate(a)} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
478 |
|
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
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changeset
|
479 |
\section{Problem set 3} |
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parents:
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|
480 |
As you can guess, idea is to use \texttt{for}! |
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parents:
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changeset
|
481 |
|
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parents:
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|
482 |
\begin{description} |
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parents:
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|
483 |
\item[3.1] Which of the earlier problems is simpler when we use \texttt{for} instead of \texttt{while}? |
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parents:
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|
484 |
\item[3.2] Given an empty chessboard and one Bishop placed in any square, say (r, c), generate the list of all squares the Bishop could move to. |
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parents:
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|
485 |
\item[3.3] Given two real numbers \texttt{a, b}, and an integer \texttt{N}, write a |
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parents:
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|
486 |
function named \texttt{linspace( a, b, N)} that returns an ordered list |
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parents:
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|
487 |
of \texttt{N} points starting with \texttt{a} and ending in \texttt{b} and |
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parents:
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changeset
|
488 |
equally spaced.\\ |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
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|
489 |
For example, \texttt{linspace(0, 5, 11)}, should return, \\ |
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parents:
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changeset
|
490 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
491 |
[ 0.0 , 0.5, 1.0 , 1.5, 2.0 , 2.5, |
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parents:
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|
492 |
3.0 , 3.5, 4.0 , 4.5, 5.0 ] |
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parents:
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|
493 |
\end{verbatim} |
92
d9c31aacd835
Made little changes to handout.tex.
Santosh G. Vattam <vattam.santosh@gmail.com>
parents:
70
diff
changeset
|
494 |
\item[3.4] Use the \texttt{linspace} function and generate a list of N tuples of the form\\ |
62
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parents:
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|
495 |
\texttt{[($x_1$,f($x_1$)),($x_2$,f($x_2$)),\ldots,($x_N$,f($x_N$))]}\\for the following functions, |
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parents:
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|
496 |
\begin{itemize} |
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parents:
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|
497 |
\item \texttt{f(x) = sin(x)} |
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parents:
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|
498 |
\item \texttt{f(x) = sin(x) + sin(10*x)}. |
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parents:
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|
499 |
\end{itemize} |
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parents:
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|
500 |
|
92
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Made little changes to handout.tex.
Santosh G. Vattam <vattam.santosh@gmail.com>
parents:
70
diff
changeset
|
501 |
\item[3.5] Using the tuples generated earlier, determine the intervals where the roots of the functions lie. |
62
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parents:
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|
502 |
\end{description} |
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parents:
diff
changeset
|
503 |
|
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
504 |
\section{IO} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
505 |
\subsection{Simple tokenizing and parsing} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
506 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
507 |
s = """The quick brown fox jumped |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
508 |
over the lazy dog""" |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
509 |
for word in s.split(): |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
510 |
print word.capitalize() |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
511 |
\end{verbatim} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
512 |
|
92
d9c31aacd835
Made little changes to handout.tex.
Santosh G. Vattam <vattam.santosh@gmail.com>
parents:
70
diff
changeset
|
513 |
\section{Problem Set 4} |
62
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
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|
514 |
\begin{description} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
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|
515 |
\item[4.1] Given a string like, ``1, 3-7, 12, 15, 18-21'', produce the list\\ |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
516 |
\texttt{[1,3,4,5,6,7,12,15,18,19,20,21]} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
517 |
\end{description} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
518 |
|
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
519 |
\subsection{File handling} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
520 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
521 |
>>> f = open('/path/to/file_name') |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
522 |
>>> data = f.read() # Read entire file. |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
523 |
>>> line = f.readline() # Read one line. |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
524 |
>>> f.close() # close the file. |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
525 |
\end{verbatim} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
526 |
Writing files |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
527 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
528 |
>>> f = open('/path/to/file_name', 'w') |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
529 |
>>> f.write('hello world\n') |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
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changeset
|
530 |
>>> f.close() |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
531 |
\end{verbatim} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
532 |
|
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
533 |
\subsection{File and \texttt{for}} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
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changeset
|
534 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
535 |
>>> f = open('/path/to/file_name') |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
536 |
>>> for line in f: |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
537 |
... print line |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
538 |
... |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
539 |
\end{verbatim} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
540 |
|
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
541 |
\begin{description} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
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|
542 |
\item[4.2] The given file has lakhs of records in the form: |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
543 |
\texttt{RGN;ID;NAME;MARK1;\ldots;MARK5;TOTAL;PFW}. |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
544 |
Some entries may be empty. Read the data from this file and print the |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
545 |
name of the student with the maximum total marks. |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
546 |
\item[4.3] For the same data file compute the average marks in different |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
547 |
subjects, the student with the maximum mark in each subject and also |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
548 |
the standard deviation of the marks. Do this efficiently. |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
549 |
\end{description} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
550 |
|
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
551 |
\section{Modules} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
552 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
553 |
>>> sqrt(2) |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
554 |
Traceback (most recent call last): |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
555 |
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
556 |
NameError: name 'sqrt' is not defined |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
557 |
>>> import math |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
558 |
>>> math.sqrt(2) |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
559 |
1.4142135623730951 |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
560 |
|
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
561 |
>>> from math import sqrt |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
562 |
>>> from math import * |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
563 |
>>> from os.path import exists |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
564 |
\end{verbatim} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
565 |
|
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
566 |
\subsection{Modules: example} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
567 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
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|
568 |
# --- arith.py --- |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
569 |
def gcd(a, b): |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
570 |
if a%b == 0: return b |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
571 |
return gcd(b, a%b) |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
572 |
def lcm(a, b): |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
573 |
return a*b/gcd(a, b) |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
574 |
# ------------------ |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
575 |
>>> import arith |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
576 |
>>> arith.gcd(26, 65) |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
577 |
13 |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
578 |
>>> arith.lcm(26, 65) |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
579 |
130 |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
580 |
\end{verbatim} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
581 |
\section{Problem set 5} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
582 |
\begin{description} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
583 |
\item[5.1] Put all the functions you have written so far as part of the problems |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
584 |
into one module called \texttt{iitb.py} and use this module from IPython. |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
585 |
\end{description} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
586 |
\newpage |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
587 |
|
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
588 |
\section{Data Structures} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
589 |
|
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
590 |
\subsection{Dictonary} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
591 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
592 |
>>>d = { 'Hitchhiker\'s guide' : 42, 'Terminator' : 'I\'ll be back'} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
593 |
>>>d['Terminator'] |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
594 |
"I'll be back" |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
595 |
\end{verbatim} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
596 |
|
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
597 |
\subsection{Problem Set 6.1} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
598 |
\begin{description} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
599 |
\item[6.1.1] You are given date strings of the form ``29, Jul 2009'', or ``4 January 2008''. In other words a number a string and another number, with a comma sometimes separating the items.Write a function that takes such a string and returns a tuple (yyyy, mm, dd) where all three elements are ints. |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
600 |
\item[6.1.2] Count word frequencies in a file. |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
601 |
\item[6.1.3] Find the most used Python keywords in your Python code (import keyword). |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
602 |
\end{description} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
603 |
\subsection{Set} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
604 |
\begin{verbatim} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
605 |
>>> f10 = set([1,2,3,5,8]) |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
606 |
>>> p10 = set([2,3,5,7]) |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
607 |
>>> f10|p10 |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
608 |
set([1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8]) |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
609 |
>>> f10&p10 |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
610 |
set([2, 3, 5]) |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
611 |
>>> f10-p10 |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
612 |
set([8, 1]) |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
613 |
>>> p10-f10, f10^p10 |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
614 |
set([7]), set([1, 7, 8]) |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
615 |
>>> set([2,3]) < p10 |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
616 |
True |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
617 |
>>> set([2,3]) <= p10 |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
618 |
True |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
619 |
>>> 2 in p10 |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
620 |
True |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
621 |
>>> 4 in p10 |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
622 |
False |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
623 |
>>> len(f10) |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
624 |
5 |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
625 |
\end{verbatim} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
626 |
|
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
627 |
\subsection{Problem Set 6.2} |
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
628 |
\begin{description} |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
629 |
\item[6.2.1] Given a dictionary of the names of students and their marks, identify how many duplicate marks are there? and what are these? |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
630 |
\item[6.2.2] Given a string of the form ``4-7, 9, 12, 15'' find the numbers missing in this list for a given range. |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
631 |
\end{description} |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
632 |
\subsection{Fuctions: default arguments} |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
633 |
\begin{verbatim} |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
634 |
def ask_ok(prompt, complaint='Yes or no!'): |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
635 |
while True: |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
636 |
ok = raw_input(prompt) |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
637 |
if ok in ('y', 'ye', 'yes'): |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
638 |
return True |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
639 |
if ok in ('n', 'no', 'nop', |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
640 |
'nope'): |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
641 |
return False |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
642 |
print complaint |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
643 |
|
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
644 |
ask_ok('?') |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
645 |
ask_ok('?', '[Y/N]') |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
646 |
\end{verbatim} |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
647 |
\newpage |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
648 |
\subsection{Fuctions: keyword arguments} |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
649 |
\begin{verbatim} |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
650 |
def ask_ok(prompt, complaint='Yes or no!'): |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
651 |
while True: |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
652 |
ok = raw_input(prompt) |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
653 |
if ok in ('y', 'ye', 'yes'): |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
654 |
return True |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
655 |
if ok in ('n', 'no', 'nop', |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
656 |
'nope'): |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
657 |
return False |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
658 |
print complaint |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
659 |
|
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
660 |
ask_ok(prompt='?') |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
661 |
ask_ok(prompt='?', complaint='[y/n]') |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
662 |
ask_ok(complaint='[y/n]', prompt='?') |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
663 |
\end{verbatim} |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
664 |
\subsection{List Comprehensions} |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
665 |
Lets say we want to squares of all the numbers from 1 to 100 |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
666 |
\begin{verbatim} |
12bd6784d213
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Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
667 |
squares = [] |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
668 |
for i in range(1, 100): |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
669 |
squares.append(i * i) |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
670 |
# list comprehension |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
671 |
squares = [i*i for i in range(1, 100) |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
672 |
if i % 10 in [1, 2, 5, 7]] |
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
673 |
\end{verbatim} |
70
b138c4ac68e6
Added reference part in handouts for first day.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
62
diff
changeset
|
674 |
\newpage |
b138c4ac68e6
Added reference part in handouts for first day.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
62
diff
changeset
|
675 |
\section{Further Reference:} |
b138c4ac68e6
Added reference part in handouts for first day.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
62
diff
changeset
|
676 |
\begin{itemize} |
b138c4ac68e6
Added reference part in handouts for first day.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
62
diff
changeset
|
677 |
\item Most referred and trusted material for learning \emph{Python} language is available at docs.python.org/tutorial/ |
b138c4ac68e6
Added reference part in handouts for first day.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
62
diff
changeset
|
678 |
\item ``may be one of the thinnest programming language books on my shelf, but it's also one of the best.'' -- \emph{Slashdot, AccordianGuy, September 8, 2004}- available at diveintopython.org/ |
b138c4ac68e6
Added reference part in handouts for first day.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
62
diff
changeset
|
679 |
\item How to Think Like a Computer Scientist: Learning with Python available at http://www.openbookproject.net/thinkcs/python/english/ \\ |
b138c4ac68e6
Added reference part in handouts for first day.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
62
diff
changeset
|
680 |
``The concepts covered here apply to all programming languages and to problem solving in general.'' -- \emph{Guido van Rossum, creator of Python} |
b138c4ac68e6
Added reference part in handouts for first day.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
62
diff
changeset
|
681 |
\end{itemize} |
62
12bd6784d213
Forgot to add files, doing them now.
Shantanu <shantanu@fossee.in>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
682 |
\end{document} |