--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/basic-data-type/questions.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+Objective Questions
+-------------------
+
+.. A mininum of 8 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. How large can an integer in Python be?
+
+ Any Size.
+
+
+2. How do you define a complex number in Python?
+
+ Using the following notation.
+
+ [Real part] + [Imaginary part] j
+ example ::
+
+ c= 3.2 + 4.6j
+
+
+
+3. Look at the following piece of code ::
+
+ In []: f or t
+ Out[]:True
+
+ What can you comment about the data type of f and t ?
+
+4. One major diffence between tuples and lists?
+
+ Tuples are immutable while lists are not.
+
+
+5. Look at the following sequence ::
+
+ In []:t=true
+ NameError: name 'true' is not defined
+
+ What might be the reason for error here?
+
+ In this scenario , it seems the programmer wanted to create a variable t with the boolean value True with a capital T. Since no variable by the name true(small t) is known to the interpreter it gives a NameError.
+
+
+6. Put the following string in a variable quotation.
+ "God doesn't play dice" -Albert Einstein
+
+ quotation='''"God doesn't play dice" -Albert Einstein'''
+
+7. Given a tuple ::
+
+ tup=(7,4,2,1,3,6,5,8)
+ tup[-2]
+
+ 5
+
+8. What is the syntax for checking containership in Python?::
+
+ element in sequence
+ 'l' in "Hello"
+ True
+
+9. Split this string on whitespaces? ::
+
+ string="Split this string on whitespaces?"
+
+ string.split()
+
+10. What is the answer of 5/2 and 5.0/2 . If yes , why.
+
+ Yes, There is a difference.
+ Because one is integer division and other is float division.
+
+Larger Questions
+----------------
+
+.. A minimum of 2 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. Given two lists for example,
+ list1=[1,2,3,4] and list2=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7] write a program to remove one list from the other.
+
+
+#. Write a program to check if a string is palindrome?
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/basic-data-type/quickref.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+\documentclass{article}
+\begin{Document}
+\begin{center}
+\textbf{Basic DataType Quick Reference}\\
+\end{center}
+Declaring an Integer:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| b=9999999999999999999 |}
+
+Declaring a float:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| p=3.141592 |}
+
+Declaring a Complex number:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| c = 3.2+4.6j |}
+
+Modulo Operator:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| 87 % 6 |}
+
+Exponent Operator:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| 7**8 |}
+
+Declaring a list:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| var_list = [1, 1.2, [1,2]] |}
+
+Declaring a string:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| k='Single quote' |}
+{\ex \lstinline| l="Double quote contain's single quote" |}
+{\ex \lstinline| m='''"Contain's both"''' |}
+
+Declaring a tuple:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| var_tup = (1,2,3,4) |}
+
+
+Accessing Lists, string and tuples:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| seq[-1] |}
+
+Interconversion of number datatype:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| float(2.3+4.2j) |}
+
+
+Interconversion of sequences:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| tup=tuple([1,2,3,4,5]) |}
+
+Spliting string into lists:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| ''split this sting''.split() |}
+
+Join lists to create strings:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| ','.join['List','joined','on','commas'] |}
+
+\end{Document}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/basic-data-type/script.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+
+.. Learn about Python Data Structures and Operators.(Remembering)
+.. Use them to do basic operations.(Applying)
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+
+
+.. Author : Amit Sethi
+ Internal Reviewer :
+ External Reviewer :
+ Checklist OK? : <put date stamp here, if OK> [2010-10-05]
+Hello friends and welcome to the tutorial on Basic Data types and operators in Python.
+{{{ Show the slide containing title }}}
+
+{{{ Show the slide containing the outline slide }}}
+
+In this tutorial, we shall look at::
+
+ * Datatypes in Python
+ * Operators in Python
+
+with a little hands-on on how they can be applied to the different data types.
+
+
+
+First we will explore python data structures in the domain of numbers.
+There are three built-in data types in python to represent numbers.
+
+{{{ A slide to make a memory note of this }}}
+
+These are:
+
+ * Integers
+ * float and
+ * Complex
+
+Lets first talk about integers. ::
+
+ a = 13
+ a
+
+
+Thats it, there we have our first integer variable a.
+
+
+
+If we now see ::
+
+ type(a)
+ <type 'int'>
+
+This means that a is a type of int. Being an int data structure
+in python means that there are various functions that this variable
+has to manipulate it different ways. You can explore these by doing,
+
+ a.<Tab>
+
+
+
+Lets see the limits of this int.
+
+ b = 99999999999999999999
+ b
+
+As you can see even when we put a value of 9 repeated 20 times
+python did not complain. However when you asked python to print
+the number again it put a capital L at the end. Now if you check
+the type of this variable b, ::
+
+ type(b)
+ <type 'long'>
+
+
+The reason for this is that python recognizes large integer numbers
+by the data type long. However long type and integer type share there
+functions and properties.
+
+Lets now try out the second type in list called float.
+
+Decimal numbers in python are recognized by the term float ::
+
+ p = 3.141592
+ p
+
+If you notice the value of output of p isn't exactly equal to p. This
+is because computer saves floating point values in a specific
+format. There is always an aproximationation. This is why we should
+never rely on equality of floating point numbers in a program.
+
+The last data type in the list is complex number ::
+
+ c = 3.2+4.6j
+
+as simple as that so essentialy its just a combination of two floats the
+imaginary part being defined by j notation instead of i. Complex numbers have a lot of functions specific to them.
+Lets check these ::
+
+ c.<Tab>
+
+Lets try some of them ::
+
+ c.real
+ c.imag
+
+c.real gives the real part of the number and c.imag the imaginary.
+
+We can get the absolute value using the function ::
+
+ abs(c)
+
+
+
+{{ Slide for memory aid }}
+
+Python also has Boolean as a built-in type.
+
+Try it out just type ::
+
+ t = True
+
+note that T in true is capitalized.
+
+You can apply different Boolean operations on t now for example ::
+
+ f = not t
+ f
+ f or t
+ f and t
+
+
+
+The results are explanotary in themselves.
+
+The usage of boolean brings us to an interesting question of precendence.
+What if you want to apply one operator before another.
+
+Well you can use parenthesis for precedence.
+
+Lets write some piece of code to check this out.
+
+ In[]: a=False
+ In[]: b=True
+ In[]: c=True
+
+To check how precedence changes with parenthesis. We will try two
+expressions and their evaluation.
+
+one ::
+
+ (a and b) or c
+
+This expression gives the value True
+
+where as the expression ::
+
+ a and (b or c)
+
+gives the value False.
+
+
+Lets now look at some operators available in Python to manipulate these data types.
+
+
+
+Python uses % for modulo operation ::
+
+ 87 % 6
+and two stars for a exponent. ::
+
+ 7**8
+
+
+In case one wishes to use the current value of variable in which the result is stored in the expression one can do that by putting the operator before `equal to`. ::
+
+ a=73
+ a*=34
+
+is same as ::
+
+ a=a*34
+
+and ::
+
+ a/=23
+
+is same as ::
+
+ a=a/23
+
+
+Lets now discuss sequence data stypes in python. Sequence
+datatypes are those in which elements are kept in a sequential
+order. All the elements accessed using index.
+
+
+{{{ slide to for memory aid }}}
+
+The sequence datatypes in python are ::
+
+ * list
+ * string
+ * tuple
+
+The list type is a container that holds a number of other
+objects, in the given order.
+
+We create our first list by typing ::
+
+ num_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]
+ num_list
+
+
+Items enclosed in square brackets separated by comma
+constitutes a list.
+
+Lists can store data of any type in them.
+
+We can have a list something like ::
+
+ var_list = [1, 1.2, [1,2]]
+ var_list
+
+
+
+Now we will have a look at strings
+
+type ::
+
+ In[]: greeting_string="hello"
+
+
+greeting_string is now a string variable with the value "hello"
+
+{{{ Memory Aid Slide }}}
+
+Python strings can actually be defined in three different ways ::
+
+ In[]: k='Single quote'
+ In[]: l="Double quote contain's single quote"
+ In[]: m='''"Contain's both"'''
+
+Thus, single quotes are used as delimiters usually.
+When a string contains a single quote, double quotes are used as delimiters.
+When a string quote contains both single and double quotes, triple quotes are
+used as delimiters.
+
+The last in the list of sequence data types is tuple.
+
+To create a tuple we use normal brackets '('
+unlike '[' for lists.::
+
+ In[]: num_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
+
+Because of their sequential property there are certain functions and
+operations we can apply to all of them.
+
+
+
+The first one is accessing.
+
+They can be accessed using index numbers ::
+
+ In[]: num_list[2]
+ In[]: num_list[-1]
+ In[]: greeting_string[1]
+ In[]: greeting_string[3]
+ In[]: greeting_string[-2]
+ In[]: num_tuple[2]
+ In[]: num_tuple[-3]
+
+
+Indexing starts from 0 from left to right and from -1 when accessing
+lists in reverse. Thus num_list[2] refers to the third element 3.
+and greetings [-2] is the second element from the end , that is 'l'.
+
+
+
+Addition gives a new sequence containing both sequences ::
+
+ In[]: num_list+var_list
+ In[]: a_string="another string"
+ In[]: greeting_string+a_string
+ In[]: t2=(3,4,6,7)
+ In[]: num_tuple+t2
+
+len function gives the length ::
+
+ In[]: len(num_list)
+ In[]: len(greeting_string)
+ In[]: len(num_tuple)
+
+Prints the length the variable.
+
+We can check the containership of an element using the 'in' keyword ::
+
+ In[]: 3 in num_list
+ In[]: 'H' in greeting_string
+ In[]: 2 in num_tuple
+
+We see that it gives True and False accordingly.
+
+Find maximum using max function and minimum using min::
+
+ In[]: max(num_tuple)
+ In[]: min(greeting_string)
+
+Get a sorted list and reversed list using sorted and reversed function ::
+
+ In[]: sorted(num_list)
+ In[]: reversed(greeting_string)
+
+As a consequence of the order one we access a group of elements together.
+This is called slicing and striding.
+
+First Slicing
+
+Given a list ::
+
+ In[]:j=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
+
+Lets say we want elements starting from 2 and ending in 5.
+
+For this we can do ::
+
+ In[]: j[1:4]
+
+The syntax for slicing is sequence variable name square bracket
+first element index, colon, second element index.The last element however is notincluded in the resultant list::
+
+
+ In[]: j[:4]
+
+If first element is left blank default is from beginning and if last
+element is left blank it means till the end.
+
+ In[]: j[1:]
+
+ In[]: j[:]
+
+This effectively is the whole list.
+
+Striding is similar to slicing except that the step size here is not one.
+
+Lets see by example ::
+
+ new_num_list=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
+ new_num_list[1:8:2]
+ [2, 4, 6, 8]
+
+The colon two added in the end signifies all the alternate elements. This is why we call this concept
+striding because we move through the list with a particular stride or step. The step in this example
+being 2.
+
+We have talked about many similar features of lists, strings and tuples. But there are many important
+features in lists that differ from strings and tuples. Lets see this by example.::
+
+ In[]: new_num_list[1]=9
+ In[]: greeting_string[1]='k'
+
+{{{ slide to show the error }}}
+
+
+
+As you can see while the first command executes with out a problem there is an error on the second one.
+
+Now lets try ::
+
+ In[]: new_tuple[1]=5
+
+Its the same error. This is because strings and tuples share the property of being immutable.
+We cannot change the value at a particular index just by assigning a new value at that position.
+
+
+We have looked at different types but we need to convert one data type into another. Well lets one
+by one go through methods by which we can convert one data type to other:
+
+We can convert all the number data types to one another ::
+
+ i=34
+ d=float(i)
+ d
+
+Python has built in functions int, float and complex to convert one number type
+data structure to another.
+
+ dec=2.34
+ dec_con=int(dec)
+ dec_con
+
+
+As you can see the decimal part of the number is simply stripped to get the integer.::
+
+ com=2.3+4.2j
+ float(com)
+ com
+
+In case of complex number to floating point only the real value of complex number is taken.
+
+Similarly we can convert list to tuple and tuple to list ::
+
+ lst=[3,4,5,6]
+ tup=tuple(lst)
+ tupl=(3,23,4,56)
+ lst=list(tuple)
+
+However string to list and list to string is an interesting problem.
+Lets say we have a string ::
+
+ In: somestring="Is there a way to split on these spaces."
+ In: somestring.split()
+
+
+This produces a list with the string split at whitespace.
+similarly we can split on some other character.
+
+ In: otherstring="Tim,Amy,Stewy,Boss"
+
+How do we split on comma , simply pass it as argument ::
+
+ In: otherstring.split(',')
+
+join function does the opposite. Joins a list to make a string.::
+
+ In[]:','.join['List','joined','on','commas']
+
+Thus we get a list joined on commas. Similarly we can do spaces.::
+
+ In[]:' '.join['Now','on','spaces']
+
+Note that the list has to be a list of strings to apply join operation.
+
+With this we come to the end of this tutorial .
+
+In this tutorial we have discussed
+
+1. Number Datatypes , integer,float and complex
+2. Boolean and datatype and operators
+3. Sequence data types ,List,String and Tuple
+4. Accesing sequence
+5. Slicing sequences
+6. Finding length , sorting and reversing operations on sequences.
+7. Immutability.
+
+
+
+
+.. #[Nishanth]: string to list is fine. But list to string can be left for
+ string manipulations. Just say it requires some string
+ manipulations and leave it there.
+
+.. #[Nishanth]: Where is the summary
+ There are no exercises in the script
+
+{{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}}
+
+This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India
+
+Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.
+
+Thank You.
+
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/basic-data-type/slides.org Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+#+BEAMER_FRAME_LEVEL: 1
+
+#+BEAMER_HEADER_EXTRA: \usetheme{Warsaw}\useoutertheme{infolines}\usecolortheme{default}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
+#+COLUMNS: %45ITEM %10BEAMER_env(Env) %10BEAMER_envargs(Env Args) %4BEAMER_col(Col) %8BEAMER_extra(Extra)
+#+PROPERTY: BEAMER_col_ALL 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 :ETC
+#+OPTIONS: H:5 num:t toc:nil \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t -:t f:t *:t <:t
+
+#+TITLE: Plotting Data
+#+AUTHOR: FOSSEE
+#+DATE: 2010-09-14 Tue
+#+EMAIL: info@fossee.in
+
+# \author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
+
+# \institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
+# \date{}
+
+* Tutorial Plan
+** Datatypes in Python
+** Operators in Python
+
+* Numbers
+** Integers
+** Float
+** Complex
+
+* Boolean
+** True
+** False
+
+* Sequence Data types
+** Data in Sequence
+** Accessed using Index
+*** list
+*** String
+*** Tuple
+
+* All are Strings
+
+** k='Single quote'
+** l="Double quote contain's single quote"
+** m='''"Contain's both"'''
+
+* Summary
+** a=73
+** b=3.14
+** c=3+4j
+
+* Summary Contd.
+
+** t=True
+** f=False
+** t and f
+
+* Summary Contd.
+** l= [2,1,4,3]
+** s='hello'
+** tu=(1,2,3,4)
+
+* Summary Contd.
+** tu[-1]
+** s[1:-1]
+
+* Summary Contd.
+
+** Sorted(l)
+** reversed(s)
+
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/basic-data-type/slides.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+% Created 2010-10-13 Wed 17:08
+\documentclass[presentation]{beamer}
+\usetheme{Warsaw}\useoutertheme{infolines}\usecolortheme{default}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{longtable}
+\usepackage{float}
+\usepackage{wrapfig}
+\usepackage{soul}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+
+
+\title{Plotting Data }
+\author{FOSSEE}
+\date{2010-09-14 Tue}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Tutorial Plan}
+\label{sec-1}
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item Datatypes in Python\\
+\label{sec-1.1}%
+\item Operators in Python\\
+\label{sec-1.2}%
+\end{itemize} % ends low level
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Numbers}
+\label{sec-2}
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item Integers\\
+\label{sec-2.1}%
+\item Float\\
+\label{sec-2.2}%
+\item Complex\\
+\label{sec-2.3}%
+\end{itemize} % ends low level
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Boolean}
+\label{sec-3}
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item True\\
+\label{sec-3.1}%
+\item False\\
+\label{sec-3.2}%
+\end{itemize} % ends low level
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Sequence Data types}
+\label{sec-4}
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item Data in Sequence\\
+\label{sec-4.1}%
+\item Accessed using Index
+\label{sec-4.2}%
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item list\\
+\label{sec-4.2.1}%
+\item String\\
+\label{sec-4.2.2}%
+\item Tuple\\
+\label{sec-4.2.3}%
+\end{itemize} % ends low level
+\end{itemize} % ends low level
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{All are Strings}
+\label{sec-5}
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item k='Single quote'\\
+\label{sec-5.1}%
+\item l="Double quote contain's single quote"\\
+\label{sec-5.2}%
+\item m='''"Contain's both"'''\\
+\label{sec-5.3}%
+\end{itemize} % ends low level
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Summary}
+\label{sec-6}
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item a=73\\
+\label{sec-6.1}%
+\item b=3.14\\
+\label{sec-6.2}%
+\item c=3+4j\\
+\label{sec-6.3}%
+\end{itemize} % ends low level
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Summary Contd.}
+\label{sec-7}
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item t=True\\
+\label{sec-7.1}%
+\item f=False\\
+\label{sec-7.2}%
+\item t and f\\
+\label{sec-7.3}%
+\end{itemize} % ends low level
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Summary Contd.}
+\label{sec-8}
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item l= [2,1,4,3]\\
+\label{sec-8.1}%
+\item s='hello'\\
+\label{sec-8.2}%
+\item tu=(1,2,3,4)\\
+\label{sec-8.3}%
+\end{itemize} % ends low level
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Summary Contd.}
+\label{sec-9}
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item tu[-1]\\
+\label{sec-9.1}%
+\item s[1:-1]\\
+\label{sec-9.2}%
+\end{itemize} % ends low level
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Summary Contd.}
+\label{sec-10}
+\begin{itemize}
+
+\item Sorted(l)\\
+\label{sec-10.1}%
+\item reversed(s)\\
+\label{sec-10.2}%
+\end{itemize} % ends low level
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
--- a/basicdatatype.rst Tue Oct 12 11:44:33 2010 +0530
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,405 +0,0 @@
-Hello friends and welcome to the tutorial on Basic Data types and
-operators in Python.
-{{{ Show the slide containing title }}}
-
-{{{ Show the slide containing the outline slide }}}
-
-In this tutorial, we shall look at::
-
- * Various Datatypes in Python
- * Operators with a little hands-on on how they can be applied to
- the different data types.
-
-
-
-First we will explore python data structures in the domain of numbers.
-There are three built-in data types in python to represent numbers.
-
-{{{ A slide to make a memory note of this }}}
-
-These are:
-
- * Integers
- * Complex and
- * Boolean
-
-Lets first talk about integers. ::
-
- a = 13
- a
-
-
-Thats it, there we have our first integer variable a.
-
-
-
-If we now see ::
-
- type(a)
- <type 'int'>
-
-This means that a is a type of int. Being an int data structure
-in python means that there are various functions that this variable
-has to manipulate it different ways. You can explore these by doing,
-
- a.<Tab>
-
-
-
-Lets see the limits of this int.
-
- b = 99999999999999999999
- b
-
-As you can see even when we put a value of 9 repeated 20 times
-python did not complain. However when you asked python to print
-the number again it put a capital L at the end. Now if you check
-the type of this variable b, ::
-
- type(b)
- <type 'long'>
-
-
-The reason for this is that python recognizes large integer numbers
-by the data type long. However long type and integer type share there
-functions and properties.
-
-Lets now try out the second type in list called float.
-
-Decimal numbers in python are recognized by the term float ::
-
- p = 3.141592
- p
-
-If you notice the value of output of p isn't exactly equal to p. This
-is because computer saves floating point values in a specific
-format. There is always an aproximationation. This is why we should
-never rely on equality of floating point numbers in a program.
-
-The last data type in the list is complex number ::
-
- c = 3.2+4.6j
-
-as simple as that so essentialy its just a combination of two floats the
-imaginary part being define by j notation instead of i. Complex numbers have a lot of functions specific to them.
-Lets check these ::
-
- c.<Tab>
-
-Lets try some of them ::
-
- c.real
- c.imag
-
-c.real gives the real part of the number and c.imag the imaginary.
-
-We can get the absolute value using the function ::
-
- abs(c)
-
-Python also has Boolean as a built-in type.
-
-Try it out just type ::
-
- t = True
-
-note that T in true is capitalized.
-
-You can apply different Boolean operations on t now for example ::
-
- f = not t
- f
- f or t
- f and t
-
-
-
-The results are explanotary in themselves.
-
-The usage of boolean brings us to an interesting question of precendence.
-What if you want to apply one operator before another.
-
-Well you can use parenthesis for precedence.
-
-Lets write some piece of code to check this out.
-
- In[]: a=False
- In[]: b=True
- In[]: c=True
-
-To check how precedence changes with parenthesis. We will try two
-expressions and their evaluation.
-
-one ::
-
- (a and b) or c
-
-This expression gives the value True
-
-where as the expression ::
-
- a and (b or c)
-
-gives the value False.
-
-Lets now discuss sequence data structures in python. Sequence
-datatypes are those in which elements are kept in a sequential
-order. All the elements accessed using index.
-
-{{{ slide to for memory aid }}}
-
-The sequence datatypes in python are ::
-
- * list
- * string
- * tuple
-
-The list type is a container that holds a number of other
-objects, in the given order.
-
-We create our first list by typing ::
-
- num_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]
- num_list
-
-
-Items enclosed in square brackets separated by comma
-constitutes a list.
-
-Lists can store data of any type in them.
-
-We can have a list something like ::
-
- var_list = [1, 1.2, [1,2]]
- var_list
-
-
-
-Now we will have a look at strings
-
-type ::
-
- In[]: greeting_string="hello"
-
-
-greeting_string is now a string variable with the value "hello"
-
-{{{ Memory Aid Slide }}}
-
-Python strings can actually be defined in three different ways ::
-
- In[]: k='Single quote'
- In[]: l="Double quote contain's single quote"
- In[]: m='''"Contain's both"'''
-
-Thus, single quotes are used as delimiters usually.
-When a string contains a single quote, double quotes are used as delimiters.
-When a string quote contains both single and double quotes, triple quotes are
-used as delimiters.
-
-The last in the list of sequence data types is tuple.
-
-To create a tuple we use normal brackets '('
-unlike '[' for lists.::
-
- In[]: num_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
-
-Because of their sequential property there are certain functions and
-operations we can apply to all of them.
-
-{{{ Slide for memory aid }}}
-
-The first one is accessing.
-
-They can be accessed using index numbers ::
-
- In[]: num_list[2]
- In[]: num_list[-1]
- In[]: greeting_string[1]
- In[]: greeting_string[3]
- In[]: greeting_string[-2]
- In[]: num_tuple[2]
- In[]: num_tuple[-3]
-
-
-Indexing starts from 0 from left to right and from -1 when accessing
-lists in reverse. Thus num_list[2] refers to the third element 3.
-and greetings [-2] is the second element from the end , that is 'l'.
-
-
-
-Addition gives a new sequence containing both sequences ::
-
- In[]: num_list+var_list
- In[]: a_string="another string"
- In[]: greeting_string+a_string
- In[]: t2=(3,4,6,7)
- In[]: num_tuple+t2
-
-len function gives the length ::
-
- In[]: len(num_list)
- In[]: len(greeting_string)
- In[]: len(num_tuple)
-
-Prints the length the variable.
-
-We can check the containership of an element using the 'in' keyword ::
-
- In[]: 3 in num_list
- In[]: 'H' in greeting_string
- In[]: 2 in num_tuple
-
-We see that it gives True and False accordingly.
-
-Find maximum using max function and minimum using min::
-
- In[]: max(num_tuple)
- In[]: min(greeting_string)
-
-Get a sorted list and reversed list using sorted and reversed function ::
-
- In[]: sorted(num_list)
- In[]: reversed(greeting_string)
-
-As a consequence of the order one we access a group of elements together.
-This is called slicing and striding.
-
-First Slicing
-
-Given a list ::
-
- In[]:j=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
-
-Lets say we want elements starting from 2 and ending in 5.
-
-For this we can do ::
-
- In[]: j[1:4]
-
-The syntax for slicing is sequence variable name square bracket
-first element index, colon, second element index.The last element however is notincluded in the resultant list::
-
-
- In[]: j[:4]
-
-If first element is left blank default is from beginning and if last
-element is left blank it means till the end.
-
- In[]: j[1:]
-
- In[]: j[:]
-
-This effectively is the whole list.
-
-Striding is similar to slicing except that the step size here is not one.
-
-Lets see by example ::
-
- new_num_list=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
- new_num_list[1:8:2]
- [2, 4, 6, 8]
-
-The colon two added in the end signifies all the alternate elements. This is why we call this concept
-striding because we move through the list with a particular stride or step. The step in this example
-being 2.
-
-We have talked about many similar features of lists, strings and tuples. But there are many important
-features in lists that differ from strings and tuples. Lets see this by example.::
-
- In[]: new_num_list[1]=9
- In[]: greeting_string[1]='k'
-
-{{{ slide to show the error }}}
-
-
-
-As you can see while the first command executes with out a problem there is an error on the second one.
-
-Now lets try ::
-
- In[]: new_tuple[1]=5
-
-Its the same error. This is because strings and tuples share the property of being immutable.
-We cannot change the value at a particular index just by assigning a new value at that position.
-
-
-We have looked at different types but we need to convert one data type into another. Well lets one
-by one go through methods by which we can convert one data type to other:
-
-We can convert all the number data types to one another ::
-
- i=34
- d=float(i)
- d
-
-Python has built in functions int, float and complex to convert one number type
-data structure to another.
-
- dec=2.34
- dec_con=int(dec)
- dec_con
-
-
-As you can see the decimal part of the number is simply stripped to get the integer.::
-
- com=2.3+4.2j
- float(com)
- com
-
-In case of complex number to floating point only the real value of complex number is taken.
-
-Similarly we can convert list to tuple and tuple to list ::
-
- lst=[3,4,5,6]
- tup=tuple(lst)
- tupl=(3,23,4,56)
- lst=list(tuple)
-
-However string to list and list to string is an interesting problem.
-Lets say we have a string ::
-
- In: somestring="Is there a way to split on these spaces."
- In: somestring.split()
-
-
-This produces a list with the string split at whitespace.
-similarly we can split on some other character.
-
- In: otherstring="Tim,Amy,Stewy,Boss"
-
-How do we split on comma , simply pass it as argument ::
-
- In: otherstring.split(',')
-
-join function does the opposite. Joins a list to make a string.::
-
- In[]:','.join['List','joined','on','commas']
-
-Thus we get a list joined on commas. Similarly we can do spaces.::
-
- In[]:' '.join['Now','on','spaces']
-
-Note that the list has to be a list of strings to apply join operation.
-
-.. #[Nishanth]: string to list is fine. But list to string can be left for
- string manipulations. Just say it requires some string
- manipulations and leave it there.
-
-.. #[Nishanth]: Where is the summary
- There are no exercises in the script
-
-{{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}}
-
-This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India
-
-Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.
-
-Thank You.
-
-
-
-Author : Amit Sethi
-Internal Reviewer 1 : Nishanth
-Internal Reviewer 2 :
-External Reviewer
--- a/conditionals.rst Tue Oct 12 11:44:33 2010 +0530
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,176 +0,0 @@
-Hello friends. Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Getting started with
-strings.
-
-{{{ Show the slide containing the title }}}
-
-{{{ Show the slide containing the outline }}}
-
-In this tutorial, we will learn the basic conditional constructs
-available in Python. We learn the if/else, if/elif/else and ternary
-conditional constructs available in Python.
-
-{{{ Shift to terminal and start ipython }}}
-
-To begin with let us start ipython, by typing::
-
- ipython
-
-on the terminal
-
-Whenever we have two possible states that can occur depending on a
-whether a certain condition we can use if/else construct in
-Python. Say for example we have a variable "a" which stores integers
-and we are required to find out whether the value of the variable "a"
-is an even number or an odd number. To test out conditional statements
-as an example, let us say the value of the variable "a" is 5::
-
- a = 5
-
-In such a case we can write the if/else block as::
-
- if a % 2 == 0:
- print "Even"
- else:
- print "Odd"
-
-When the value of the variable "a" is divided by 2 and the remainder
-is 0 i.e. the result of the operation "a modulo 2" is 0 the condition
-"a % 2 == 0" evaluates to True, so the code within the if block gets
-executed. This means that the value of "a" is Even.
-
-If the operation "a modulo 2" is not 0 the condition "a % 2 == 0"
-evaluates to False and hence the code block within else gets executed
-which means that the value of "a" is Odd.
-
-Note in such a case only one of the two blocks get executed depending
-on whether the condition is True or False.
-
-There is a very important sytactic element to understand here. All the
-statements which are inside a certain code block are indented by 4
-spaces. The statement which starts a new code block after it, i.e. the
-if statement in this example ends with a colon (:). So the next
-immediate line will be inside the if block and hence indented by 4
-spaces. To come out of the code block we have to come back to the
-previous indentation level as shown in the else line here. Again the
-line following else will be in a new block so else line ends with a
-colon and the following block of code is indented by 4.
-
-As we use if/else statement when we have a condition which can take
-one of the two states, we may have conditions which can take more than
-two states. In such a scenario Python provides if/elif/else
-statements. Let us take an example. We have a variable "a" which holds
-integer values. We need to print "positive" if the value of a is
-positive, "negative" if it is negative and "zero" if the value of the
-variable "a" is 0. Let us use if/elif/else ladder for it. For the
-purposes of testing our code let us assume that the value of a is -3::
-
- a = -3
-
- if a > 0:
- print "positive"
- elif a < 0:
- print "negative"
- else:
- print "zero"
-
-This if/elif/else ladder is self explanatory. All the syntax and rules
-as said for if/else statements hold. The only addition here is the
-elif statement which can have another condition of its own.
-
-Here, exactly one block of code is executed and that block of code
-corresponds to the condition which first evaluates to True. Even if
-there is a situation where multiple conditions evaluate to True all
-the subsequent conditions other than the first one which evaluates to
-True are neglected. Consequently, the else block gets executed if and
-only if all the conditions evaluate to False.
-
-Also, the else block in both if/else statement and if/elif/else is
-optional. We can have a single if statement or just if/elif statements
-without having else block at all. Also, there can be any number of
-elif's within an if/elif/else ladder. For example
-
-{{{ Show slide for this }}}
-
- if user == 'admin':
- # Do admin operations
- elif user == 'moderator':
- # Do moderator operations
- elif user == 'client':
- # Do customer operations
-
-{{{ end of slide switch to ipython }}}
-
-is completely valid. Note that there are multiple elif blocks and there
-is no else block.
-
-In addition to these conditional statements, Python provides a very
-convenient ternary conditional operator. Let us take the following
-example where we read the marks data from a data file which is
-obtained as a string as we read a file. The marks can be in the range
-of 0 to 100 or 'AA' if the student is absent. In such a case to obtain
-the marks as an integer we can use the ternary conditional
-operator. Let us say the string score is stored in score_str
-variable::
-
- score_str = 'AA'
-
-Now let us use the ternary conditional operator::
-
- score = int(score_str) if score_str != 'AA' else 0
-
-This is just the if/else statement block which written in a more
-convenient form and is very helpful when we have only one statement
-for each block. This conditional statement effectively means as we
-would have exactly specified in the English language which will be
-like score is integer of score_str is score_str is not 'AA' otherwise
-it is 0. This means that we make the scores of the students who were
-absent for the exam 0.
-
-Moving on, there are certain situations where we will have to no
-operations or statements within the block of code. For example, we
-have a code where we are waiting for the keyboard input. If the user
-enters "s" as the input we would perform some operation nothing
-otherwise. In such cases "pass" statement comes very handy::
-
- a = raw_input("Enter 'c' to calculate and exit, 'd' to display the existing
- results exit and 'x' to exit and any other key to continue: ")
-
- if a == 'c':
- # Calculate the marks and exit
- elif a == 'd':
- # Display the results and exit
- elif a == 'x':
- # Exit the program
- else:
- pass
-
-In this case "pass" statement acts as a place holder for the block of
-code. It is equivalent to a null operation. It literally does
-nothing. So "pass" statement can be used as a null operation
-statement, or it can used as a place holder when the actual code
-implementation for a particular block of code is not known yet but has
-to be filled up later.
-
-{{{ Show summary slide }}}
-
-This brings us to the end of the tutorial session on conditional
-statements in Python. In this tutorial session we learnt
-
- * What are conditional statements
- * if/else statement
- * if/elif/else statement
- * Ternary conditional statement - C if X else Y
- * and the "pass" statement
-
-{{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}}
-
-This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India
-
-Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.
-Thankyou
-
-.. Author : Madhu
- Internal Reviewer 1 : [potential reviewer: Puneeth]
- Internal Reviewer 2 : [potential reviewer: Anoop]
- External Reviewer :
-
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/conditionals/questions.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+Objective Questions
+-------------------
+
+.. A mininum of 8 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. Given a variable ``time``, print ``Good Morning`` if it is less
+ than 12, otherwise ``Hello``.
+
+ Answer::
+
+ if time < 12:
+ print "Good Morning"
+
+ else:
+ print "Hello"
+
+#. Every ``if`` block must be followed by an ``else`` block. T or F?
+
+ Answer: F
+
+#. Every ``if/elif/else`` ladder MUST end with an ``else`` block. T/F?
+
+ Answer: F
+
+#. An if/elif/else ladder can have any number of elif blocks. T or F?
+
+ Answer: T
+
+#. What will be printed at the end this code block::
+
+ x = 20
+
+ if x > 10:
+ print x * 100
+
+ Answer: IndentationError - Expected and indented block..
+
+#. What will be printed at the end this code block::
+
+ x = 20
+
+ if x > 10:
+ print x * 100
+ else:
+ print x
+
+ Answer: SyntaxError
+
+#. What will be printed at the end this code block::
+
+ x = 20
+
+ if x > 10:
+ print x * 100
+ else:
+ print x
+
+ Answer: 2000
+
+#. Convert the if else ladder below into a ternary conditional
+ statement::
+
+ x = 20
+
+ if x > 10:
+ print x * 100
+ else:
+ print x
+
+ Answer: print x * 100 if x > 10 else x
+
+
+Larger Questions
+----------------
+
+.. A minimum of 2 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. Question 1
+2. Question 2
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/conditionals/quickref.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Creating a linear array:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50)|}
+
+Plotting two variables:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| plot(x, sin(x))|}
+
+Plotting two lists of equal length x, y:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| plot(x, y)|}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/conditionals/script.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+
+.. Clearly state the objectives of the LO (along with RBT level)
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+.. 1. Name of LO-1
+.. 2. Name of LO-2
+.. 3. Name of LO-3
+
+.. Author : Madhu
+ Internal Reviewer :
+ External Reviewer :
+ Checklist OK? : <put date stamp here, if OK> [2010-10-05]
+
+
+Script
+------
+
+{{{ Show the slide containing the title }}}
+
+Hello friends. Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Getting started with
+strings.
+
+{{{ Show the slide containing the outline }}}
+
+In this tutorial, we will learn the basic conditional constructs
+available in Python. We learn the if/else, if/elif/else and ternary
+conditional constructs available in Python.
+
+{{{ Shift to terminal and start ipython }}}
+
+To begin with let us start ipython, by typing::
+
+ ipython
+
+on the terminal
+
+Whenever we have two possible states that can occur depending on a
+whether a certain condition we can use if/else construct in
+Python. Say for example we have a variable "a" which stores integers
+and we are required to find out whether the value of the variable "a"
+is an even number or an odd number. To test out conditional statements
+as an example, let us say the value of the variable "a" is 5::
+
+ a = 5
+
+In such a case we can write the if/else block as::
+
+ if a % 2 == 0:
+ print "Even"
+ else:
+ print "Odd"
+
+When the value of the variable "a" is divided by 2 and the remainder
+is 0 i.e. the result of the operation "a modulo 2" is 0 the condition
+"a % 2 == 0" evaluates to True, so the code within the if block gets
+executed. This means that the value of "a" is Even.
+
+If the operation "a modulo 2" is not 0 the condition "a % 2 == 0"
+evaluates to False and hence the code block within else gets executed
+which means that the value of "a" is Odd.
+
+Note in such a case only one of the two blocks get executed depending
+on whether the condition is True or False.
+
+There is a very important sytactic element to understand here. All the
+statements which are inside a certain code block are indented by 4
+spaces. The statement which starts a new code block after it, i.e. the
+if statement in this example ends with a colon (:). So the next
+immediate line will be inside the if block and hence indented by 4
+spaces. To come out of the code block we have to come back to the
+previous indentation level as shown in the else line here. Again the
+line following else will be in a new block so else line ends with a
+colon and the following block of code is indented by 4.
+
+As we use if/else statement when we have a condition which can take
+one of the two states, we may have conditions which can take more than
+two states. In such a scenario Python provides if/elif/else
+statements. Let us take an example. We have a variable "a" which holds
+integer values. We need to print "positive" if the value of a is
+positive, "negative" if it is negative and "zero" if the value of the
+variable "a" is 0. Let us use if/elif/else ladder for it. For the
+purposes of testing our code let us assume that the value of a is -3::
+
+ a = -3
+
+ if a > 0:
+ print "positive"
+ elif a < 0:
+ print "negative"
+ else:
+ print "zero"
+
+This if/elif/else ladder is self explanatory. All the syntax and rules
+as said for if/else statements hold. The only addition here is the
+elif statement which can have another condition of its own.
+
+Here, exactly one block of code is executed and that block of code
+corresponds to the condition which first evaluates to True. Even if
+there is a situation where multiple conditions evaluate to True all
+the subsequent conditions other than the first one which evaluates to
+True are neglected. Consequently, the else block gets executed if and
+only if all the conditions evaluate to False.
+
+Also, the else block in both if/else statement and if/elif/else is
+optional. We can have a single if statement or just if/elif statements
+without having else block at all. Also, there can be any number of
+elif's within an if/elif/else ladder. For example
+
+{{{ Show slide for this }}}
+
+ if user == 'admin':
+ # Do admin operations
+ elif user == 'moderator':
+ # Do moderator operations
+ elif user == 'client':
+ # Do customer operations
+
+{{{ end of slide switch to ipython }}}
+
+is completely valid. Note that there are multiple elif blocks and there
+is no else block.
+
+In addition to these conditional statements, Python provides a very
+convenient ternary conditional operator. Let us take the following
+example where we read the marks data from a data file which is
+obtained as a string as we read a file. The marks can be in the range
+of 0 to 100 or 'AA' if the student is absent. In such a case to obtain
+the marks as an integer we can use the ternary conditional
+operator. Let us say the string score is stored in score_str
+variable::
+
+ score_str = 'AA'
+
+Now let us use the ternary conditional operator::
+
+ score = int(score_str) if score_str != 'AA' else 0
+
+This is just the if/else statement block which written in a more
+convenient form and is very helpful when we have only one statement
+for each block. This conditional statement effectively means as we
+would have exactly specified in the English language which will be
+like score is integer of score_str is score_str is not 'AA' otherwise
+it is 0. This means that we make the scores of the students who were
+absent for the exam 0.
+
+Moving on, there are certain situations where we will have to no
+operations or statements within the block of code. For example, we
+have a code where we are waiting for the keyboard input. If the user
+enters "s" as the input we would perform some operation nothing
+otherwise. In such cases "pass" statement comes very handy::
+
+ a = raw_input("Enter 'c' to calculate and exit, 'd' to display the existing
+ results exit and 'x' to exit and any other key to continue: ")
+
+ if a == 'c':
+ # Calculate the marks and exit
+ elif a == 'd':
+ # Display the results and exit
+ elif a == 'x':
+ # Exit the program
+ else:
+ pass
+
+In this case "pass" statement acts as a place holder for the block of
+code. It is equivalent to a null operation. It literally does
+nothing. So "pass" statement can be used as a null operation
+statement, or it can used as a place holder when the actual code
+implementation for a particular block of code is not known yet but has
+to be filled up later.
+
+{{{ Show summary slide }}}
+
+This brings us to the end of the tutorial session on conditional
+statements in Python. In this tutorial session we learnt
+
+ * What are conditional statements
+ * if/else statement
+ * if/elif/else statement
+ * Ternary conditional statement - C if X else Y
+ * and the "pass" statement
+
+{{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}}
+
+This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India
+
+Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.
+Thank you!
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/conditionals/slides.org Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+#+BEAMER_FRAME_LEVEL: 1
+
+#+BEAMER_HEADER_EXTRA: \usetheme{Warsaw}\usecolortheme{default}\useoutertheme{infolines}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
+#+COLUMNS: %45ITEM %10BEAMER_env(Env) %10BEAMER_envargs(Env Args) %4BEAMER_col(Col) %8BEAMER_extra(Extra)
+#+PROPERTY: BEAMER_col_ALL 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 :ETC
+
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} \usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{listings}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER:\lstset{language=Python, basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: showstringspaces=false, keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+#+TITLE: Accessing parts of arrays
+#+AUTHOR: FOSSEE
+#+EMAIL:
+#+DATE:
+
+#+DESCRIPTION:
+#+KEYWORDS:
+#+LANGUAGE: en
+#+OPTIONS: H:3 num:nil toc:nil \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t -:t f:t *:t <:t
+#+OPTIONS: TeX:t LaTeX:nil skip:nil d:nil todo:nil pri:nil tags:not-in-toc
+
+* Outline
+ - Manipulating one and multi dimensional arrays
+ - Access and change individual elements
+ - Access and change rows and columns
+ - Slicing and striding on arrays to access chunks
+ - Read images into arrays and manipulations
+* Sample Arrays
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: A = array([12, 23, 34, 45, 56])
+
+ In []: C = array([[11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
+ [21, 22, 23, 24, 25],
+ [31, 32, 33, 34, 35],
+ [41, 42, 43, 44, 45],
+ [51, 52, 53, 54, 55]])
+
+ #+end_src
+* Question 1
+ Change the last column of ~C~ to zeroes.
+* Solution 1
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[:, -1] = 0
+ #+end_src
+* Question 2
+ Change ~A~ to ~[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]~.
+* Solution 2
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: A[:] = [11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
+ #+end_src
+* squares.png
+ #+begin_latex
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[scale=0.6]{squares}
+ \end{center}
+ #+end_latex
+* Question 3
+ - obtain ~[22, 23]~ from ~C~.
+ - obtain ~[11, 21, 31, 41]~ from ~C~.
+ - obtain ~[21, 31, 41, 0]~.
+* Solution 3
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[1, 1:3]
+ In []: C[0:4, 0]
+ In []: C[1:5, 0]
+ #+end_src
+* Question 4
+ Obtain ~[[23, 24], [33, -34]]~ from ~C~
+* Solution 4
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[1:3, 2:4]
+ #+end_src
+* Question 5
+ Obtain the square in the center of the image
+* Solution 5
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: imshow(I[75:225, 75:225])
+ #+end_src
+* Question 6
+ Obtain the following
+ #+begin_src python
+ [[12, 0], [42, 0]]
+ [[12, 13, 14], [0, 0, 0]]
+ #+end_src
+
+* Solution 6
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[::3, 1::3]
+ In []: C[::4, 1:4]
+ #+end_src
+* Summary
+ You should now be able to --
+ - Manipulate 1D \& Multi dimensional arrays
+ - Access and change individual elements
+ - Access and change rows and columns
+ - Slice and stride on arrays
+ - Read images into arrays and manipulate them.
+* Thank you!
+#+begin_latex
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+#+end_latex
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/conditionals/slides.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%Tutorial slides on Python.
+%
+% Author: FOSSEE
+% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\documentclass[14pt,compress]{beamer}
+%\documentclass[draft]{beamer}
+%\documentclass[compress,handout]{beamer}
+%\usepackage{pgfpages}
+%\pgfpagesuselayout{2 on 1}[a4paper,border shrink=5mm]
+
+% Modified from: generic-ornate-15min-45min.de.tex
+\mode<presentation>
+{
+ \usetheme{Warsaw}
+ \useoutertheme{infolines}
+ \setbeamercovered{transparent}
+}
+
+\usepackage[english]{babel}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+%\usepackage{times}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+
+\usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler}
+\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
+
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=Python,
+ basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+ commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape,
+ stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+ showstringspaces=false,
+ keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Macros
+\setbeamercolor{emphbar}{bg=blue!20, fg=black}
+\newcommand{\emphbar}[1]
+{\begin{beamercolorbox}[rounded=true]{emphbar}
+ {#1}
+ \end{beamercolorbox}
+}
+\newcounter{time}
+\setcounter{time}{0}
+\newcommand{\inctime}[1]{\addtocounter{time}{#1}{\tiny \thetime\ m}}
+
+\newcommand{\typ}[1]{\lstinline{#1}}
+
+\newcommand{\kwrd}[1]{ \texttt{\textbf{\color{blue}{#1}}} }
+
+% Title page
+\title{Your Title Here}
+
+\author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
+
+\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
+\date{}
+
+% DOCUMENT STARTS
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \maketitle
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Outline}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% All other slides here. %%
+%% The same slides will be used in a classroom setting. %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Summary}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \frametitle{Thank you!}
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
--- a/dictionaries/script.rst Tue Oct 12 11:44:33 2010 +0530
+++ b/dictionaries/script.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -1,11 +1,27 @@
-.. 8.4 LO: dictionaries (2)
-.. ------------------------
-.. * empty
-.. * filled
-.. * accessing via keys
-.. * .values(), .keys()
-.. * in
-.. * iteration
+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+
+.. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to
+
+.. 1. Create dictionaries
+.. #. Add data to dictionaries
+.. #. Retrieve data
+.. #. Familiarize using ``.keys()`` and ``.values()`` methods
+.. #. Checking for container-ship of keys
+.. #. Iterating over elements
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+.. 1. should have ``ipython`` installed.
+.. #. getting started with ``ipython``.
+.. #. basic datatypes.
+
+.. Author : Anoop Jacob Thomas <anoop@fossee.in>
+ Internal Reviewer :
+ External Reviewer :
+ Checklist OK? : <put date stamp here, if OK> [2010-10-05]
+
============
Dictionaries
@@ -176,8 +192,3 @@
{{{ switch to next slide, thank you slide }}}
Thank you!
-
-.. Author: Anoop Jacob Thomas <anoop@fossee.in>
- Reviewer 1:
- Reviewer 2:
- External reviewer:
--- a/getting-started-sagenotebook.rst Tue Oct 12 11:44:33 2010 +0530
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,295 +0,0 @@
-Hello friends. Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Getting started with
-sage and sage notebook.
-
-{{{ Show the slide containing the title }}}
-
-{{{ Show the slide containing the outline }}}
-
-In this tutorial, we will learn what Sage is, what is Sage notebook,
-how to start and use the sage notebook. In the notebook we will be
-specifically learning how to execute our code, how to write
-annotations and other content, typesetting the content and how to use
-the offline help available.
-
-{{{ Show the slide on what is Sage }}}
-
-To start with, What is Sage? Sage is a free, open-source mathematical
-software. Sage can do a lot of math stuff for you including but not
-limited to algebra, calculus, geometry, cryptography, graph theory
-among other things. It can also be used as aid in teaching and
-research in any of the areas that Sage supports. So let us start Sage
-now
-
-{{{ Shift to terminal }}}
-
-We are assuming that you have Sage installed on your computer now. If
-not please visit the page
-http://sagemath.org/doc/tutorial/introduction.html#installation for
-the tutorial on how to install Sage. Let us move on now.
-
-On the terminal type::
-
- sage
-
-This should start a new Sage shell with the prompt sage: which looks
-like this
-
-{{{ Show what is displayed on the terminal }}}
-
-So now we can type all the commands that Sage supports here. But Sage
-comes bundled with a much much much more elegant tool called Sage
-Notebook? What is Sage Notebook? Sage Notebook provides a web based
-user interface to use Sage. So once we have a Sage notebook server up
-and running all we want is a browser to access the Sage
-functionality. For example there is an official instance of Sage
-Notebook server running at http://sagenb.org You can visit that page,
-create an account there and start using Sage! So all you need is just
-a browser, a modern browser
-
-{{{ Intentional *cough* *cough* }}}
-
-to use Sage and nothing else! The Sage notebook also provides a
-convenient way of sharing and publishing our work which is very handy
-when we use Sage for research or for teaching.
-
-However we can also run our own instances of Sage notebook servers on
-all the computers we have a local installation of Sage. To start the
-notebook server just type::
-
- notebook()
-
-on the Sage prompt. This will start the Sage Notebook server. If we
-are starting the notebook server for the first time, we are prompted
-to enter the password for the admin. Type the password and make a note
-of it. After this Sage automatically starts a browser page for you
-with the notebook opened.
-
-If it doesn't automatically start a browser page check if the Notebook
-server started and there were no problems. If so open your browser and
-in the address bar type the URL shown in the instructions upon running
-the notebook command on the sage prompt.
-
-{{{ The notebook() command gives an instruction telling
-Open your web browser to http://localhost:8000. Point towards it }}}
-
-In our case it is http://localhost:{{{ Tell whatever is shown }}}
-
-{{{ Show the browser with Sage notebook }}}
-
-If you are not logged in yet, it shows the Notebook home page and
-textboxes to type the username and the password. You can use the
-username 'admin' and the password you gave while starting the notebook
-server for the first time. There are also links to recover forgotten
-password and to create new accounts.
-
-{{{ If you are logged in tell that you are logged in, log out and show
-what is said above for the login page }}}
-
-Once we are logged in with the admin account we can see the notebook
-admin page. A notebook can contain a collection of Sage Notebook
-worksheets. Worksheets are basically the working area. This is where
-we enter all the Sage commands on the notebook.
-
-The admin page lists all the worksheets created. On the topmost part
-of this page we have the links to various pages.
-
-{{{ Whenever you talk on an individual link point your mouse towards
-the link. For each of the link go to the page and explain as below }}}
-
-The home link takes us to the admin home page. The published link
-takes us to the page which lists all the published worksheets. The log
-link has the complete log of all the actions we did on the
-notebook. We have the settings link where can configure our notebook,
-the notebook server, we can create and mangage accounts. We have a
-link to help upon clicking opens a new window with the complete help
-of Sage. The entire documentation of Sage is supplied with Sage for
-offline reference and this help link is the way to get into it. Then
-we can report bugs about Sage by clicking on Report a Problem link and
-there is a link to sign out of the notebook.
-
-We can create a new worksheet by clicking New Worksheet link
-
-{{{ Click on the link }}}
-
-Sage prompts you for a name for the worksheet. Let us name the
-worksheet as nbtutorial. Now we have our first worksheet which is
-empty.
-
-A worksheet will contain a collection of cells. Every Sage command
-must be entered in this cell. Cell is equivalent to the prompt on
-console. When we create a new worksheet, to start with we will have
-one empty cell. Let us try out some math here::
-
- 2 + 2
- 57.1 ^ 100
-
-The cap operator is used for exponentiation. If you observed carefully
-we typed two commands but the output of only last command was
-displayed. By default each cell displays the result of only the last
-operation. We have to use print statement to display all the results
-we want to be displayed.
-
-{{{ Demonstrate creating a new cell }}}
-
-Now to perform more operations we want more cells. So how do we create
-a new cell? It is very simple. As we hover our mouse above or below
-the existing cells we see a blue line, by clicking on this new line we
-can create a new cell.
-
-We have a cell, we have typed some commands in it, but how do we
-evaluate that cell? Pressing Shift along with Enter evaluates the
-cell. Alternatively we can also click on the evaluate link to evaluate
-the cell
-
-{{{ Evaluate the cell and demonstrate for both methods separately
-}}}::
-
- matrix([[1,2], [3,4]])^(-1)
-
-After we create many cells, we may want to move between the cells. To
-move between the cells use Up and Down arrow keys. Also clicking on
-the cell will let you edit that particular cell.
-
-{{{ Move between two cells created }}}
-
-To delete a cell, clear the contents of the cell and hit backspace
-
-{{{ Clear and demonstrate deleting the cell }}}::
-
- Makes no sense
-
-If you want to add annotations in the worksheet itself on the blue
-line that appears on hovering the mouse around the cell, Hold Shift
-and click on the line. This creates a What You See Is What You Get
-cell.
-
-{{{ Create a HTML editable cell }}}
-
-We can make our text here rich text. We can make it bold, Italics, we
-can create bulleted and enumerated lists in this area::
-
- This text contains both the **bold** text and also *italicised*
- text.
- It also contains bulleted list:
- * Item 1
- * Item 2
- It also contains enumerate list:
- 1. Item 1
- 2. Item 2
-
-In the same cell we can display typeset math using the LaTeX like
-syntax::
-
- $\int_0^\infty e^{-x} \, dx$
-
-We enclose the math to be typeset within $ and $ or $$ and $$ as in
-LaTeX.
-
-We can also obtain help for a particular Sage command or function
-within the worksheet itself by using a question mark following the
-command::
-
- sin?
-
-Evaluating this cell gives me the entire help for the sin function
-inline on the worksheet itself. Similarly we can also look at the
-source code of each command or function using double question mark::
-
- matrix??
-
-Sage notebook also provides the feature for autocompletion. To
-autocomplete a command type first few unique characters and hit tab
-key::
-
- sudo<tab>
-
-To see all the commands starting with a specific name type those
-characters and hit tab::
-
- plo<tab>
-
-To list all the methods that are available for a certain variable or
-a datatype we can use the variable name followed by the dot to access
-the methods available on it and then hit tab::
-
- s = 'Hello'
- s.rep<tab>
-
-The output produced by each cell can be one of the three states. It
-can be either the full output, or truncated output or hidden output.
-The output area will display the error if the Sage code we wrote in
-the cell did not successfully execute::
-
- a, b = 10
-
-{{{ Show the three states }}}
-
-The default output we obtained now is a truncated output. Clicking at
-the left of the output area when the mouse pointer turns to hand gives
-us the full output, clicking again makes the output hidden and it
-cycles.
-
-Lastly, Sage supports a variety of languages and each cell on the
-worksheet can contain code written in a specific language. It is
-possible to instruct Sage to interpret the code in the language we
-have written. This can be done by putting percentage sign(%) followed
-by the name of the language. For example, to interpret the cell as
-Python code we put::
-
- %python
-
-as the first line in the cell. Similarly we have: %sh for shell
-scripting, %fortran for Fortran, %gap for GAP and so on. Let us see
-how this works. Say I have an integer. The type of the integer in
-default Sage mode is
-{{{ Read the output }}}::
-
- a = 1
- type(a)
-
- Output: <type 'sage.rings.integer.Integer'>
-
-We see that Integers are Sage Integers. Now let us put %python as the
-first line of the cell and execute the same code snippet::
-
- %python
- a = 1
- type(a)
-
- Output: <type 'int'>
-
-Now we see that the integer is a Python integer. Why? Because now we
-instructed Sage to interpret that cell as Python code.
-
-This brings us to the end of the tutorial on using Sage. We learnt
-quite a lot about using the Notebook User Interface of Sage. We are
-now confident that we can comfortably use the notebook to learn more
-about Sage in the following tutorials. Let us summarize what we
-learnt. In this session we learnt
-
- * What is Sage
- * How to start Sage shell
- * What is Sage notebook
- * How to start the Sage notebook
- * How to create accounts and start using the notebook
- * How to create new worksheets
- * The menus available on the notebook
- * About cells in the worksheet
- * Methods to evaluate the cell, create new cells, delete the cells
- and navigate around the cells
- * To make annotations in the worksheet
- * Tab completions
- * And embedding code of other scripting languages in the cells
-
-{{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}}
-
-This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India
-
-Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.
-Thankyou
-
-.. Author : Madhu
- Internal Reviewer 1 : [potential reviewer: Anoop]
- Internal Reviewer 2 : [potential reviewer: Puneeth]
- External Reviewer :
-
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/getting-started-sagenotebook/questions.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Objective Questions
+-------------------
+
+.. A mininum of 8 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. Question 1
+
+ Answer: Answer 1
+
+ OR
+
+ Answer::
+
+ answer code line 1
+ answer code line 2
+ answer code line 3
+
+2. Question 2
+3. Question 3
+
+
+Larger Questions
+----------------
+
+.. A minimum of 2 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. Question 1
+2. Question 2
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/getting-started-sagenotebook/quickref.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Creating a linear array:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50)|}
+
+Plotting two variables:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| plot(x, sin(x))|}
+
+Plotting two lists of equal length x, y:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| plot(x, y)|}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/getting-started-sagenotebook/script.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+
+.. Clearly state the objectives of the LO (along with RBT level)
+
+.. By the end of this tutorial, you should --
+
+.. #. Know what Sage and Sage notebook are.
+.. #. Be able to start a Sage shell or notebook
+.. #. Be able to start using the notebook
+.. #. Be able to create new worksheets
+.. #. Know about the menu options available
+.. #. Know about the cells in the worksheet
+.. #. Be able to evaluate cells, create and delete cells, navigate them.
+.. #. Be able to make annotations in the worksheet
+.. #. Be able to use tab completion.
+.. #. Be able to use code from other languages in the cells.
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+.. None.
+
+.. Author : Madhu
+ Internal Reviewer :
+ External Reviewer :
+ Checklist OK? : <put date stamp here, if OK> [2010-10-05]
+
+
+Script
+------
+
+Hello friends. Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Getting started with
+sage and sage notebook.
+
+{{{ Show the slide containing the title }}}
+
+{{{ Show the slide containing the outline }}}
+
+In this tutorial, we will learn what Sage is, what is Sage notebook,
+how to start and use the sage notebook. In the notebook we will be
+specifically learning how to execute our code, how to write
+annotations and other content, typesetting the content and how to use
+the offline help available.
+
+{{{ Show the slide on what is Sage }}}
+
+To start with, What is Sage? Sage is a free, open-source mathematical
+software. Sage can do a lot of math stuff for you including but not
+limited to algebra, calculus, geometry, cryptography, graph theory
+among other things. It can also be used as aid in teaching and
+research in any of the areas that Sage supports. So let us start Sage
+now
+
+{{{ Shift to terminal }}}
+
+We are assuming that you have Sage installed on your computer now. If
+not please visit the page
+http://sagemath.org/doc/tutorial/introduction.html#installation for
+the tutorial on how to install Sage. Let us move on now.
+
+On the terminal type::
+
+ sage
+
+This should start a new Sage shell with the prompt sage: which looks
+like this
+
+{{{ Show what is displayed on the terminal }}}
+
+So now we can type all the commands that Sage supports here. But Sage
+comes bundled with a much much much more elegant tool called Sage
+Notebook? What is Sage Notebook? Sage Notebook provides a web based
+user interface to use Sage. So once we have a Sage notebook server up
+and running all we want is a browser to access the Sage
+functionality. For example there is an official instance of Sage
+Notebook server running at http://sagenb.org You can visit that page,
+create an account there and start using Sage! So all you need is just
+a browser, a modern browser
+
+{{{ Intentional *cough* *cough* }}}
+
+to use Sage and nothing else! The Sage notebook also provides a
+convenient way of sharing and publishing our work which is very handy
+when we use Sage for research or for teaching.
+
+However we can also run our own instances of Sage notebook servers on
+all the computers we have a local installation of Sage. To start the
+notebook server just type::
+
+ notebook()
+
+on the Sage prompt. This will start the Sage Notebook server. If we
+are starting the notebook server for the first time, we are prompted
+to enter the password for the admin. Type the password and make a note
+of it. After this Sage automatically starts a browser page for you
+with the notebook opened.
+
+If it doesn't automatically start a browser page check if the Notebook
+server started and there were no problems. If so open your browser and
+in the address bar type the URL shown in the instructions upon running
+the notebook command on the sage prompt.
+
+{{{ The notebook() command gives an instruction telling
+Open your web browser to http://localhost:8000. Point towards it }}}
+
+In our case it is http://localhost:{{{ Tell whatever is shown }}}
+
+{{{ Show the browser with Sage notebook }}}
+
+If you are not logged in yet, it shows the Notebook home page and
+textboxes to type the username and the password. You can use the
+username 'admin' and the password you gave while starting the notebook
+server for the first time. There are also links to recover forgotten
+password and to create new accounts.
+
+{{{ If you are logged in tell that you are logged in, log out and show
+what is said above for the login page }}}
+
+Once we are logged in with the admin account we can see the notebook
+admin page. A notebook can contain a collection of Sage Notebook
+worksheets. Worksheets are basically the working area. This is where
+we enter all the Sage commands on the notebook.
+
+The admin page lists all the worksheets created. On the topmost part
+of this page we have the links to various pages.
+
+{{{ Whenever you talk on an individual link point your mouse towards
+the link. For each of the link go to the page and explain as below }}}
+
+The home link takes us to the admin home page. The published link
+takes us to the page which lists all the published worksheets. The log
+link has the complete log of all the actions we did on the
+notebook. We have the settings link where can configure our notebook,
+the notebook server, we can create and mangage accounts. We have a
+link to help upon clicking opens a new window with the complete help
+of Sage. The entire documentation of Sage is supplied with Sage for
+offline reference and this help link is the way to get into it. Then
+we can report bugs about Sage by clicking on Report a Problem link and
+there is a link to sign out of the notebook.
+
+We can create a new worksheet by clicking New Worksheet link
+
+{{{ Click on the link }}}
+
+Sage prompts you for a name for the worksheet. Let us name the
+worksheet as nbtutorial. Now we have our first worksheet which is
+empty.
+
+A worksheet will contain a collection of cells. Every Sage command
+must be entered in this cell. Cell is equivalent to the prompt on
+console. When we create a new worksheet, to start with we will have
+one empty cell. Let us try out some math here::
+
+ 2 + 2
+ 57.1 ^ 100
+
+The cap operator is used for exponentiation. If you observed carefully
+we typed two commands but the output of only last command was
+displayed. By default each cell displays the result of only the last
+operation. We have to use print statement to display all the results
+we want to be displayed.
+
+{{{ Demonstrate creating a new cell }}}
+
+Now to perform more operations we want more cells. So how do we create
+a new cell? It is very simple. As we hover our mouse above or below
+the existing cells we see a blue line, by clicking on this new line we
+can create a new cell.
+
+We have a cell, we have typed some commands in it, but how do we
+evaluate that cell? Pressing Shift along with Enter evaluates the
+cell. Alternatively we can also click on the evaluate link to evaluate
+the cell
+
+{{{ Evaluate the cell and demonstrate for both methods separately
+}}}::
+
+ matrix([[1,2], [3,4]])^(-1)
+
+After we create many cells, we may want to move between the cells. To
+move between the cells use Up and Down arrow keys. Also clicking on
+the cell will let you edit that particular cell.
+
+{{{ Move between two cells created }}}
+
+To delete a cell, clear the contents of the cell and hit backspace
+
+{{{ Clear and demonstrate deleting the cell }}}::
+
+ Makes no sense
+
+If you want to add annotations in the worksheet itself on the blue
+line that appears on hovering the mouse around the cell, Hold Shift
+and click on the line. This creates a What You See Is What You Get
+cell.
+
+{{{ Create a HTML editable cell }}}
+
+We can make our text here rich text. We can make it bold, Italics, we
+can create bulleted and enumerated lists in this area::
+
+ This text contains both the **bold** text and also *italicised*
+ text.
+ It also contains bulleted list:
+ * Item 1
+ * Item 2
+ It also contains enumerate list:
+ 1. Item 1
+ 2. Item 2
+
+In the same cell we can display typeset math using the LaTeX like
+syntax::
+
+ $\int_0^\infty e^{-x} \, dx$
+
+We enclose the math to be typeset within $ and $ or $$ and $$ as in
+LaTeX.
+
+We can also obtain help for a particular Sage command or function
+within the worksheet itself by using a question mark following the
+command::
+
+ sin?
+
+Evaluating this cell gives me the entire help for the sin function
+inline on the worksheet itself. Similarly we can also look at the
+source code of each command or function using double question mark::
+
+ matrix??
+
+Sage notebook also provides the feature for autocompletion. To
+autocomplete a command type first few unique characters and hit tab
+key::
+
+ sudo<tab>
+
+To see all the commands starting with a specific name type those
+characters and hit tab::
+
+ plo<tab>
+
+To list all the methods that are available for a certain variable or
+a datatype we can use the variable name followed by the dot to access
+the methods available on it and then hit tab::
+
+ s = 'Hello'
+ s.rep<tab>
+
+The output produced by each cell can be one of the three states. It
+can be either the full output, or truncated output or hidden output.
+The output area will display the error if the Sage code we wrote in
+the cell did not successfully execute::
+
+ a, b = 10
+
+{{{ Show the three states }}}
+
+The default output we obtained now is a truncated output. Clicking at
+the left of the output area when the mouse pointer turns to hand gives
+us the full output, clicking again makes the output hidden and it
+cycles.
+
+Lastly, Sage supports a variety of languages and each cell on the
+worksheet can contain code written in a specific language. It is
+possible to instruct Sage to interpret the code in the language we
+have written. This can be done by putting percentage sign(%) followed
+by the name of the language. For example, to interpret the cell as
+Python code we put::
+
+ %python
+
+as the first line in the cell. Similarly we have: %sh for shell
+scripting, %fortran for Fortran, %gap for GAP and so on. Let us see
+how this works. Say I have an integer. The type of the integer in
+default Sage mode is
+{{{ Read the output }}}::
+
+ a = 1
+ type(a)
+
+ Output: <type 'sage.rings.integer.Integer'>
+
+We see that Integers are Sage Integers. Now let us put %python as the
+first line of the cell and execute the same code snippet::
+
+ %python
+ a = 1
+ type(a)
+
+ Output: <type 'int'>
+
+Now we see that the integer is a Python integer. Why? Because now we
+instructed Sage to interpret that cell as Python code.
+
+This brings us to the end of the tutorial on using Sage. We learnt
+quite a lot about using the Notebook User Interface of Sage. We are
+now confident that we can comfortably use the notebook to learn more
+about Sage in the following tutorials. Let us summarize what we
+learnt. In this session we learnt
+
+ * What is Sage
+ * How to start Sage shell
+ * What is Sage notebook
+ * How to start the Sage notebook
+ * How to create accounts and start using the notebook
+ * How to create new worksheets
+ * The menus available on the notebook
+ * About cells in the worksheet
+ * Methods to evaluate the cell, create new cells, delete the cells
+ and navigate around the cells
+ * To make annotations in the worksheet
+ * Tab completions
+ * And embedding code of other scripting languages in the cells
+
+{{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}}
+
+This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India
+
+Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.
+Thank you!
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/getting-started-sagenotebook/slides.org Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+#+BEAMER_FRAME_LEVEL: 1
+
+#+BEAMER_HEADER_EXTRA: \usetheme{Warsaw}\usecolortheme{default}\useoutertheme{infolines}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
+#+COLUMNS: %45ITEM %10BEAMER_env(Env) %10BEAMER_envargs(Env Args) %4BEAMER_col(Col) %8BEAMER_extra(Extra)
+#+PROPERTY: BEAMER_col_ALL 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 :ETC
+
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} \usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{listings}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER:\lstset{language=Python, basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: showstringspaces=false, keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+#+TITLE: Accessing parts of arrays
+#+AUTHOR: FOSSEE
+#+EMAIL:
+#+DATE:
+
+#+DESCRIPTION:
+#+KEYWORDS:
+#+LANGUAGE: en
+#+OPTIONS: H:3 num:nil toc:nil \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t -:t f:t *:t <:t
+#+OPTIONS: TeX:t LaTeX:nil skip:nil d:nil todo:nil pri:nil tags:not-in-toc
+
+* Outline
+ - Manipulating one and multi dimensional arrays
+ - Access and change individual elements
+ - Access and change rows and columns
+ - Slicing and striding on arrays to access chunks
+ - Read images into arrays and manipulations
+* Sample Arrays
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: A = array([12, 23, 34, 45, 56])
+
+ In []: C = array([[11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
+ [21, 22, 23, 24, 25],
+ [31, 32, 33, 34, 35],
+ [41, 42, 43, 44, 45],
+ [51, 52, 53, 54, 55]])
+
+ #+end_src
+* Question 1
+ Change the last column of ~C~ to zeroes.
+* Solution 1
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[:, -1] = 0
+ #+end_src
+* Question 2
+ Change ~A~ to ~[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]~.
+* Solution 2
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: A[:] = [11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
+ #+end_src
+* squares.png
+ #+begin_latex
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[scale=0.6]{squares}
+ \end{center}
+ #+end_latex
+* Question 3
+ - obtain ~[22, 23]~ from ~C~.
+ - obtain ~[11, 21, 31, 41]~ from ~C~.
+ - obtain ~[21, 31, 41, 0]~.
+* Solution 3
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[1, 1:3]
+ In []: C[0:4, 0]
+ In []: C[1:5, 0]
+ #+end_src
+* Question 4
+ Obtain ~[[23, 24], [33, -34]]~ from ~C~
+* Solution 4
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[1:3, 2:4]
+ #+end_src
+* Question 5
+ Obtain the square in the center of the image
+* Solution 5
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: imshow(I[75:225, 75:225])
+ #+end_src
+* Question 6
+ Obtain the following
+ #+begin_src python
+ [[12, 0], [42, 0]]
+ [[12, 13, 14], [0, 0, 0]]
+ #+end_src
+
+* Solution 6
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[::3, 1::3]
+ In []: C[::4, 1:4]
+ #+end_src
+* Summary
+ You should now be able to --
+ - Manipulate 1D \& Multi dimensional arrays
+ - Access and change individual elements
+ - Access and change rows and columns
+ - Slice and stride on arrays
+ - Read images into arrays and manipulate them.
+* Thank you!
+#+begin_latex
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+#+end_latex
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/getting-started-sagenotebook/slides.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%Tutorial slides on Python.
+%
+% Author: FOSSEE
+% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\documentclass[14pt,compress]{beamer}
+%\documentclass[draft]{beamer}
+%\documentclass[compress,handout]{beamer}
+%\usepackage{pgfpages}
+%\pgfpagesuselayout{2 on 1}[a4paper,border shrink=5mm]
+
+% Modified from: generic-ornate-15min-45min.de.tex
+\mode<presentation>
+{
+ \usetheme{Warsaw}
+ \useoutertheme{infolines}
+ \setbeamercovered{transparent}
+}
+
+\usepackage[english]{babel}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+%\usepackage{times}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+
+\usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler}
+\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
+
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=Python,
+ basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+ commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape,
+ stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+ showstringspaces=false,
+ keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Macros
+\setbeamercolor{emphbar}{bg=blue!20, fg=black}
+\newcommand{\emphbar}[1]
+{\begin{beamercolorbox}[rounded=true]{emphbar}
+ {#1}
+ \end{beamercolorbox}
+}
+\newcounter{time}
+\setcounter{time}{0}
+\newcommand{\inctime}[1]{\addtocounter{time}{#1}{\tiny \thetime\ m}}
+
+\newcommand{\typ}[1]{\lstinline{#1}}
+
+\newcommand{\kwrd}[1]{ \texttt{\textbf{\color{blue}{#1}}} }
+
+% Title page
+\title{Your Title Here}
+
+\author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
+
+\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
+\date{}
+
+% DOCUMENT STARTS
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \maketitle
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Outline}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% All other slides here. %%
+%% The same slides will be used in a classroom setting. %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Summary}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \frametitle{Thank you!}
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
--- a/getting-started-strings.rst Tue Oct 12 11:44:33 2010 +0530
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
-Hello friends. Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Getting started with
-strings.
-
-{{{ Show the slide containing the title }}}
-
-{{{ Show the slide containing the outline }}}
-
-In this tutorial, we will learn what do we actually mean by strings in
-python, how python supports the use of strings. We will also learn
-some of the operations that can be performed on strings.
-
-{{{ Shift to terminal and start ipython }}}
-
-To begin with let us start ipython, by typing::
-
- ipython
-
-on the terminal
-
-So what are strings? In Python anything within either single quotes
-or double quotes or triple single quotes or triple double quotes are
-strings. This is true whatsoever, even if there is only one character
-within the quotes
-
-{{{ Type in ipython the following and read them as you type }}}::
-
- 'This is a string'
- "This is a string too'
- '''This is a string as well'''
- """This is also a string"""
- 'p'
-
-Having more than one control character to define strings come as very
-handy when one of the control characters itself is part of the
-string. For example::
-
- "Python's string manipulation functions are very useful"
-
-In this case we use single quote for apostrophe. If we had only single
-quote to define strings we should have a clumsy way of escaping the
-single quote character to make it part of the string. Hence this is a
-very handy feature.
-
-The triple quoted strings let us define multi-lines strings without
-using any escaping. Everything within the triple quotes is a single
-string no matter how many lines it extends::
-
- """Having more than one control character to define
- strings come as very handy when one of the control
- characters itself is part of the string."""
-
-We can assign this string to any variable::
-
- a = 'Hello, World!'
-
-Now 'a' is a string variable. String is a collection of characters. In
-addition string is an immutable collection. So all the operations that
-are applicable to any other immutable collection in Python works on
-string as well. So we can add two strings::
-
- a = 'Hello'
- b = 'World'
- c = a + ', ' + b + '!'
-
-We can add string variables as well as the strings themselves all in
-the same statement. The addition operation performs the concatenation
-of two strings.
-
-Similarly we can multiply a string with an integer::
-
- a = 'Hello'
- a * 5
-
-gives another string in which the original string 'Hello' is repeated
-5 times.
-
-Since strings are collections we can access individual items in the
-string using the subscripts::
-
- a[0]
-
-gives us the first character in the string. The indexing starts from 0
-for the first character up to n-1 for the last character. We can
-access the strings from the end using negative indices::
-
- a[-2]
-
-gives us second element from the end of the string
-
-Let us attempt to change one of the characters in a string::
-
- a = 'hello'
- a[0] = 'H'
-
-As said earlier, strings are immutable. We cannot manipulate the
-string. Although there are some methods which let us to manipulate the
-strings. We will look at them in the advanced session on strings. In
-addition to the methods that let us manipulate the strings we have
-methods like split which lets us break the string on the specified
-separator, the join method which lets us combine the list of strings
-into a single string based on the specified separator.
-
-{{{ Show summary slide }}}
-
-This brings us to the end of another session. In this tutorial session
-we learnt
-
- * How to define strings
- * Different types of defining a string
- * String concatenation and repeatition
- * Accessing individual elements of the string
- * Immutability of strings
-
-{{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}}
-
-This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India
-
-Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.
-Thankyou
-
-.. Author : Madhu
- Internal Reviewer 1 : [potential reviewer: Nishanth]
- Internal Reviewer 2 : [potential reviewer: Amit]
- External Reviewer :
-
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/getting-started-strings/questions.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+Objective Questions
+-------------------
+
+.. A mininum of 8 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. List the type of quotes that can be used to define strings.
+
+ Answer: 'single quotes', "double quotes",
+ '''triple single quotes'''
+ """triple double quotes"""
+
+#. Given the strings ``s`` and ``S``, ``s='Hello World'`` and
+ ``S="Hello World``. s and S are different strings. True or False?
+
+#. What is the output of::
+
+ s = 'It's all here'
+
+ Answer: ``SyntaxError``
+
+#. Write code to assign s, the string ``' is called the apostrophe``
+
+ Answer: ``s = "`is called the apostrophe"``
+
+#. Given strings s and t, ``s = "Hello"`` and ``t = "World"``. What is
+ the output of s + t?
+
+ Answer: HelloWorld
+
+#. Given strings s and t, ``s = "Hello"`` and ``t = "World"`` and an
+ integer r, ``r = 2``. What is the output of s * r + s * t?
+
+ Answer: HelloHelloWorldWorld
+
+#. Given strings s and t, ``s = "Hello"`` and ``t = "World"`` and an
+ integer r, ``r = 2``. What is the output of s * 'r' ?
+
+ Answer: TypeError - can't multiply a sequence by non-int
+
+#. Given the string ``s = "Hello"``, we wish to change it to
+ ``hello``. what is the result of::
+
+ s[0] = 'h'
+
+ Answer: TypeError - 'str' object does not support item assignment.
+
+#. Given the string ``s = "Hello"``, we wish to change it to
+ ``hello``. what is the result of::
+
+ s = "hello"
+
+ Answer: s is changed to "hello"
+
+#. Which type of string can be written in multiple lines, with line
+ breaks. (Note: more than one answer may be correct.)
+
+ #. triple double quoted strings
+ #. single quoted strings
+ #. double quoted strings
+ #. triple single quoted strings
+
+ Answer: triple double quoted strings and triple single quoted strings
+
+Larger Questions
+----------------
+
+.. A minimum of 2 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. Given the string s, ``s = F.R.I.E.N.D.S``, obtain the string
+ "FRIENDS".
+
+ Answer::
+
+ s = s[0] + s[2] + s[4] + s[6] + s[8] + s[10] + s[12]
+
+2. Assign the string ``Today's Quote: "Don't believe in any quote,
+ including this."`` to the variable ``quote``.
+
+ Answer:
+ quote = """Today's Quote: "Don't believe in any quote, including this."""
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/getting-started-strings/quickref.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Creating a linear array:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50)|}
+
+Plotting two variables:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| plot(x, sin(x))|}
+
+Plotting two lists of equal length x, y:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| plot(x, y)|}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/getting-started-strings/script.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+
+.. At the end of this tutorial, you should know --
+
+.. 1. How to define strings
+.. #. Different ways of defining a string
+.. #. How to concatenate strings
+.. #. How to print a string repeatedly
+.. #. Accessing individual elements of the string
+.. #. Immutability of strings
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+.. 1. getting started with ipython
+
+.. Author : Madhu
+ Internal Reviewer :
+ External Reviewer :
+ Checklist OK? : <put date stamp here, if OK> [2010-10-05]
+
+Script
+------
+
+{{{ Show the slide containing the title }}}
+
+Hello friends. Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Getting started with
+strings.
+
+{{{ Show the slide containing the outline }}}
+
+In this tutorial, we will learn what do we actually mean by strings in
+python, how python supports the use of strings. We will also learn
+some of the operations that can be performed on strings.
+
+{{{ Shift to terminal and start ipython }}}
+
+To begin with let us start ipython, by typing::
+
+ ipython
+
+on the terminal
+
+So what are strings? In Python anything within either single quotes
+or double quotes or triple single quotes or triple double quotes are
+strings. This is true whatsoever, even if there is only one character
+within the quotes
+
+{{{ Type in ipython the following and read them as you type }}}::
+
+ 'This is a string'
+ "This is a string too'
+ '''This is a string as well'''
+ """This is also a string"""
+ 'p'
+
+Having more than one control character to define strings come as very
+handy when one of the control characters itself is part of the
+string. For example::
+
+ "Python's string manipulation functions are very useful"
+
+In this case we use single quote for apostrophe. If we had only single
+quote to define strings we should have a clumsy way of escaping the
+single quote character to make it part of the string. Hence this is a
+very handy feature.
+
+The triple quoted strings let us define multi-lines strings without
+using any escaping. Everything within the triple quotes is a single
+string no matter how many lines it extends::
+
+ """Having more than one control character to define
+ strings come as very handy when one of the control
+ characters itself is part of the string."""
+
+We can assign this string to any variable::
+
+ a = 'Hello, World!'
+
+Now 'a' is a string variable. String is a collection of characters. In
+addition string is an immutable collection. So all the operations that
+are applicable to any other immutable collection in Python works on
+string as well. So we can add two strings::
+
+ a = 'Hello'
+ b = 'World'
+ c = a + ', ' + b + '!'
+
+We can add string variables as well as the strings themselves all in
+the same statement. The addition operation performs the concatenation
+of two strings.
+
+Similarly we can multiply a string with an integer::
+
+ a = 'Hello'
+ a * 5
+
+gives another string in which the original string 'Hello' is repeated
+5 times.
+
+Since strings are collections we can access individual items in the
+string using the subscripts::
+
+ a[0]
+
+gives us the first character in the string. The indexing starts from 0
+for the first character up to n-1 for the last character. We can
+access the strings from the end using negative indices::
+
+ a[-2]
+
+gives us second element from the end of the string
+
+Let us attempt to change one of the characters in a string::
+
+ a = 'hello'
+ a[0] = 'H'
+
+As said earlier, strings are immutable. We cannot manipulate the
+string. Although there are some methods which let us to manipulate the
+strings. We will look at them in the advanced session on strings. In
+addition to the methods that let us manipulate the strings we have
+methods like split which lets us break the string on the specified
+separator, the join method which lets us combine the list of strings
+into a single string based on the specified separator.
+
+{{{ Show summary slide }}}
+
+This brings us to the end of another session. In this tutorial session
+we learnt
+
+ * How to define strings
+ * Different ways of defining a string
+ * String concatenation and repeatition
+ * Accessing individual elements of the string
+ * Immutability of strings
+
+{{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}}
+
+This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India
+
+Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.
+Thank you!
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/getting-started-strings/slides.org Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+#+BEAMER_FRAME_LEVEL: 1
+
+#+BEAMER_HEADER_EXTRA: \usetheme{Warsaw}\usecolortheme{default}\useoutertheme{infolines}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
+#+COLUMNS: %45ITEM %10BEAMER_env(Env) %10BEAMER_envargs(Env Args) %4BEAMER_col(Col) %8BEAMER_extra(Extra)
+#+PROPERTY: BEAMER_col_ALL 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 :ETC
+
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} \usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{listings}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER:\lstset{language=Python, basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: showstringspaces=false, keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+#+TITLE: Accessing parts of arrays
+#+AUTHOR: FOSSEE
+#+EMAIL:
+#+DATE:
+
+#+DESCRIPTION:
+#+KEYWORDS:
+#+LANGUAGE: en
+#+OPTIONS: H:3 num:nil toc:nil \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t -:t f:t *:t <:t
+#+OPTIONS: TeX:t LaTeX:nil skip:nil d:nil todo:nil pri:nil tags:not-in-toc
+
+* Outline
+ - Manipulating one and multi dimensional arrays
+ - Access and change individual elements
+ - Access and change rows and columns
+ - Slicing and striding on arrays to access chunks
+ - Read images into arrays and manipulations
+* Sample Arrays
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: A = array([12, 23, 34, 45, 56])
+
+ In []: C = array([[11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
+ [21, 22, 23, 24, 25],
+ [31, 32, 33, 34, 35],
+ [41, 42, 43, 44, 45],
+ [51, 52, 53, 54, 55]])
+
+ #+end_src
+* Question 1
+ Change the last column of ~C~ to zeroes.
+* Solution 1
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[:, -1] = 0
+ #+end_src
+* Question 2
+ Change ~A~ to ~[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]~.
+* Solution 2
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: A[:] = [11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
+ #+end_src
+* squares.png
+ #+begin_latex
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[scale=0.6]{squares}
+ \end{center}
+ #+end_latex
+* Question 3
+ - obtain ~[22, 23]~ from ~C~.
+ - obtain ~[11, 21, 31, 41]~ from ~C~.
+ - obtain ~[21, 31, 41, 0]~.
+* Solution 3
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[1, 1:3]
+ In []: C[0:4, 0]
+ In []: C[1:5, 0]
+ #+end_src
+* Question 4
+ Obtain ~[[23, 24], [33, -34]]~ from ~C~
+* Solution 4
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[1:3, 2:4]
+ #+end_src
+* Question 5
+ Obtain the square in the center of the image
+* Solution 5
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: imshow(I[75:225, 75:225])
+ #+end_src
+* Question 6
+ Obtain the following
+ #+begin_src python
+ [[12, 0], [42, 0]]
+ [[12, 13, 14], [0, 0, 0]]
+ #+end_src
+
+* Solution 6
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[::3, 1::3]
+ In []: C[::4, 1:4]
+ #+end_src
+* Summary
+ You should now be able to --
+ - Manipulate 1D \& Multi dimensional arrays
+ - Access and change individual elements
+ - Access and change rows and columns
+ - Slice and stride on arrays
+ - Read images into arrays and manipulate them.
+* Thank you!
+#+begin_latex
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+#+end_latex
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/getting-started-strings/slides.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%Tutorial slides on Python.
+%
+% Author: FOSSEE
+% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\documentclass[14pt,compress]{beamer}
+%\documentclass[draft]{beamer}
+%\documentclass[compress,handout]{beamer}
+%\usepackage{pgfpages}
+%\pgfpagesuselayout{2 on 1}[a4paper,border shrink=5mm]
+
+% Modified from: generic-ornate-15min-45min.de.tex
+\mode<presentation>
+{
+ \usetheme{Warsaw}
+ \useoutertheme{infolines}
+ \setbeamercovered{transparent}
+}
+
+\usepackage[english]{babel}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+%\usepackage{times}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+
+\usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler}
+\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
+
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=Python,
+ basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+ commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape,
+ stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+ showstringspaces=false,
+ keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Macros
+\setbeamercolor{emphbar}{bg=blue!20, fg=black}
+\newcommand{\emphbar}[1]
+{\begin{beamercolorbox}[rounded=true]{emphbar}
+ {#1}
+ \end{beamercolorbox}
+}
+\newcounter{time}
+\setcounter{time}{0}
+\newcommand{\inctime}[1]{\addtocounter{time}{#1}{\tiny \thetime\ m}}
+
+\newcommand{\typ}[1]{\lstinline{#1}}
+
+\newcommand{\kwrd}[1]{ \texttt{\textbf{\color{blue}{#1}}} }
+
+% Title page
+\title{Your Title Here}
+
+\author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
+
+\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
+\date{}
+
+% DOCUMENT STARTS
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \maketitle
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Outline}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% All other slides here. %%
+%% The same slides will be used in a classroom setting. %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Summary}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \frametitle{Thank you!}
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
--- a/getting-started-with-arrays/script.rst Tue Oct 12 11:44:33 2010 +0530
+++ b/getting-started-with-arrays/script.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -1,39 +1,60 @@
-.. 4.1 LO: getting started with arrays (2) [anoop]
-.. ------------------------------------------------
-.. * why arrays
-.. + speed - simply say
-.. + array level operations
-.. * creating arrays
-.. + direct data
-.. + list conversion
-.. + homogeneous
-.. + builtins - identitiy, zeros,
-.. * array operations
-.. + =+ - * /=
+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+
+.. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to
+
+.. 1. Create arrays using data
+.. #. Create arrays from lists
+.. #. Basic array operations
+.. #. Creating identity matrix using ``identity()`` function.
+.. #. Learn about ``zeros()``, ``zeros_like()``, ``ones()``,
+ ``ones_like()`` functions.
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+.. 1. should have ``ipython`` and ``pylab`` installed.
+.. #. getting started with ``ipython``.
+.. #. getting started with lists.
+
+.. Author: Anoop Jacob Thomas <anoop@fossee.in>
+ Internal Reviewer : Puneeth
+ External Reviewer :
+ Checklist OK? : <put date stamp here, if OK> [2010-10-05]
===========================
Getting started with Arrays
===========================
+.. #[Puneeth: Prerequisites and Objectives are missing. Fill them in]
+
{{{ show the welcome slide }}}
Welcome to the spoken tutorial on getting started with arrays.
{{{ switch to next slide, outline slide }}}
-In this tutorial, we will learn about arrays, how to convert a list
-into an array and also why an array is preferred over lists. And array
-operations.
+In this tutorial, we will learn about arrays, how to convert a list into an
+array and also why an array is preferred over lists. And array operations.
+
+.. #[Puneeth: Fix the grammar above.]
{{{ switch to next slide on overview of array }}}
-Arrays are homogeneous data structures, unlike lists, arrays cannot
-have heterogeneous data elements, that is, it can have only one type
-of data type, either all integers, or strings, or float, and not a
-mix.
+Arrays are homogeneous data structures, unlike lists, arrays cannot have
+heterogeneous data elements, that is, it can have only one type of data
+type, either all integers, or strings, or float, and not a mix.
+
+.. #[Puneeth: Use multiple short sentences, rather than one long sentence
+ I would've written something like this.
-Arrays are really fast in mathematical operations when compared to
-lists, it is at least 80 to 100 times faster than lists.
+ Unlike lists, arrays are homogeneous data structures. They can have only
+ type of data, ....]
+
+Arrays are really fast in mathematical operations when compared to lists,
+it is at least 80 to 100 times faster than lists.
+
+.. #[Puneeth: For what size of an array is that the comparison?
{{{ switch to the next slide, creating arrays }}}
@@ -42,39 +63,63 @@
I am assuming that you have your IPython interpreter running with the
``-pylab`` option, so that you have the required modules loaded.
+.. #[Puneeth: 'I am assuming' doesn't sound right. Ask them to open if it
+.. is not open?]
+
To create an array we will use the function ``array()`` as,
+
::
a1 = array([1,2,3,4])
-Notice that here we created a one dimensional array. Also notice the
-object we passed to create an array. Now let us see how to create a
-two dimensional array. Pause here and try to do it yourself before
-looking at the solution.
+Notice that here we created a one dimensional array. Also notice the object
+we passed to create an array. Now let us see how to create a two
+dimensional array. Pause here and try to do it yourself before looking at
+the solution.
+
+.. #[Puneeth: I don't think this question can be solved by an average
+.. viewer. Questions during the tutorial, should generally be to re-iterate
+.. concepts learnt? ]
+
+.. #[Puneeth: Also, you didn't even point out that we are converting a
+.. list, using the ``array`` function. Bring the later section about
+.. converting a list, here. A separate section is not necessary, IMHO.]
This is how we create two dimensional arrays.
+
::
a2 = array([[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8]])
+.. #[Puneeth: Again, you could explain a bit about the fact that we are
+.. converting a list of lists.]
+
Let us see an easy method of creating an array with elements 1 to 8.
+
::
ar = arange(1,9)
+.. #[Puneeth: say, creating the same array as before. for some time I got
+.. confused .]
+
And it created a single dimensional array of elements from 1 to 8.
+
::
print ar
-And how can we make it a two dimensional array of order 2 by 4. Pause
-here and try to do it yourself, try ``ar.tab`` and find a suitable
-method for that.
+.. #[Puneeth: be consistent with voice. say, we obtained... or something.]
+
+And how can we make it a two dimensional array of order 2 by 4. Pause here
+and try to do it yourself, try ``ar.tab`` and find a suitable method for
+that.
{{{ switch to next slide, reshape() method }}}
-We can use the function ``reshape()`` for that purpose and it can be
-done as,
+We can use the function ``reshape()`` for that purpose and it can be done
+as,
+
::
ar.reshape(2,4)
@@ -84,14 +129,15 @@
{{{ switch to next slide, creating array from list}}}
Now, let us see how to convert a list object to an array. As you have
-already seen, in both of the previous statements we have passed a
-list, so creating an array can be done so, first let us create a list
-``l1``
+already seen, in both of the previous statements we have passed a list, so
+creating an array can be done so, first let us create a list ``l1``
+
::
l1 = [1,2,3,4]
-Now we can convert the list to an array as,
+Now we can convert the list to an array as,
+
::
a3 = array(l1)
@@ -101,70 +147,96 @@
Create a three dimensional array of the order (2,2,4).
+.. #[Puneeth: s/order/shape or size ?]
+
{{{ switch to the next slide, shape of an array }}}
To find the shape of an array we can use the object ``.shape``, let us
check the shape of the arrays we have created so far,
+
+.. #[Puneeth: s/object/method ?]
+
::
a1.shape
-``a1.shape`` object is a tuple, and since a1 is a single dimensional
-array, it returned a tuple (4,).
+``a1.shape`` object is a tuple, and since a1 is a single dimensional array,
+it returned a tuple (4,).
+
+.. #[Puneeth: first show a 2D array, so that it becomes easier to explain.
+.. Also, the word ``tuple`` need not be mentioned. ]
{{{ switch to the next slide, unsolved exercise 2 }}}
Find out the shape of the other arrays that we have created.
+.. #[Puneeth: solution missing.]
+
{{{ Array can have only a single type of data }}}
-Now let us try to create a new array with a mix of elements and see
-what will happen,
+.. #[Puneeth: I guess, this whole section can be skipped. If you want to
+.. keep this, just briefly mention that arrays are homogeneous in the
+.. intro, don't explain it there.]
+
+Now let us try to create a new array with a mix of elements and see what
+will happen,
+
::
a4 = array([1,2,3,'a string'])
-Well, we expected an error as previously I said that an array can have
-only homogeneous elements, but it didn't give an error. Let us check
-the values in the new array created. In your IPython terminal type,
+Well, we expected an error as previously I said that an array can have only
+homogeneous elements, but it didn't give an error. Let us check the values
+in the new array created. In your IPython terminal type,
::
a4
-Did you notice it,
+Did you notice it,
{{{ switch to next slide, implicit type casting }}}
-{{{ highlight all the array elements one by one using mouse
-movements }}}
+.. #[Puneeth: typecasting may be unnecessary. (Also too advanced?) an
+.. average guy wouldn't use arrays with strings.]
+
+.. #[Puneeth: You may want to mention that float is the default dtype.]
-all the elements have been implicitly type casted as string, though
-our first three elements were integers.
+{{{ highlight all the array elements one by one using mouse movements }}}
+
+all the elements have been implicitly type casted as string, though our
+first three elements were integers.
+
+.. #[Puneeth: when I type a4 it says some ``dtype`` etc. I don't understand
+.. what it is, can you explain? ;)]
{{{ switch to the next slide, identity & zeros methods }}}
-An identity matrix is a square matrix in which all the diagonal
-elements are one and rest of the elements zero. We can create an
-identity matrix using the method ``identity()``.
+.. #[Puneeth: something needs to motivate this. why are we suddenly talking
+.. of an identity matrix?]
+
+An identity matrix is a square matrix in which all the diagonal elements
+are one and rest of the elements zero. We can create an identity matrix
+using the method ``identity()``.
The function ``identity()`` takes an integer argument,
+
::
identity(3)
-As you can see the identity method returned a three by three square
-array with all the diagonal elements as one and the rest of the
-elements as zero.
+As you can see the identity method returned a three by three square array
+with all the diagonal elements as one and the rest of the elements as zero.
-``zeros()`` function accepts a tuple, which is the order of the array
-we want to create, and it generates an array with all elements zero.
+.. #[Puneeth: You say array here, matrix there -- it's a bit messed up.
+.. Clarify, explicitly.]
-{{{ switch to the next slide, problem statement of the solved exercise
-1 }}}
+``zeros()`` function accepts a tuple, which is the order of the array we
+want to create, and it generates an array with all elements zero.
-Let us creates an array of the order four by five with all the
-elements zero. We can do it using the method zeros,
-::
+{{{ switch to the next slide, problem statement of solved exercise 1 }}}
+
+Let us creates an array of the order four by five with all the elements
+zero. We can do it using the method zeros, ::
zeros((4,5))
@@ -216,8 +288,7 @@
a
-We can use all the mathematical operations with arrays, Now let us try
-this
+We can use all the mathematical operations with arrays, Now let us try this
::
a1 = array([1,2,3,4])
@@ -229,20 +300,25 @@
a1 * a2
-Returns an array with element by element multiplication, notice that
-it does not perform matrix multiplication.
+Returns an array with element by element multiplication, notice that it
+does not perform matrix multiplication.
{{{ switch to next slide, summary slide }}}
-So this brings us to the end of this tutorial, in this tutorial we
-covered basics of arrays, how to create an array, converting a list to
-an array, basic array operations etc.
+So this brings us to the end of this tutorial, in this tutorial we covered
+basics of arrays, how to create an array, converting a list to an array,
+basic array operations etc.
+
+.. #[Puneeth: s/how to create an array/creating an array]
{{{ switch to next slide, thank you }}}
Thank you!
-.. Author: Anoop Jacob Thomas <anoop@fossee.in>
- Reviewer 1:
- Reviewer 2:
- External reviewer:
+..
+ Local Variables:
+ mode: rst
+ indent-tabs-mode: nil
+ sentence-end-double-space: nil
+ fill-column: 75
+ End:
--- a/getting-started-with-for/script.rst Tue Oct 12 11:44:33 2010 +0530
+++ b/getting-started-with-for/script.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -1,12 +1,29 @@
-.. 3.2 LO: getting started with =for= (2) [anoop]
-.. -----------------------------------------------
-.. * blocks in python
-.. + (indentation)
-.. * blocks in ipython
-.. + ... prompt
-.. + hitting enter
-.. * =for= with a list
-.. * =range= function
+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+
+.. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to
+
+.. 1. Write blocks of code in python.
+.. #. Use for loop.
+.. #. Use ``range()`` function.
+.. #. Write blocks in python interpreter
+.. #. Write blocks in ipython interpreter.
+
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+.. 1. should have ``ipython`` and ``pylab`` installed.
+.. #. getting started with ``ipython``.
+.. #. getting started with lists.
+
+
+.. Author : Anoop Jacob Thomas <anoop@fossee.in>
+ Internal Reviewer : Nishanth
+ Internal Reviewer(2): Amit
+ External Reviewer :
+ Checklist OK? : <put date stamp here, if OK> [2010-10-05]
+
=============================
Getting started with for loop
@@ -43,6 +60,11 @@
for indentation. Do that while typing so that they can
actually see what is being typed.
+As you can see in the slide, ``Block B`` is an inner block and it is
+indented using 4 spaces, and after ``Block B`` the next statement in
+``Block A`` starts from the same indentation level of other ``Block
+A`` statements.
+
Now let us move straight into ``for`` loop.
{{{ switch to next slide, problem statement of exercise 1 }}}
@@ -85,6 +107,8 @@
square_roots. It is only complicating stuff.
Simply iterate and print.
+{{{ switch to next slide, save and run script }}}
+
{{{ save the script }}}
Now save the script, and run it from your IPython interpreter. I
@@ -151,6 +175,8 @@
the list. And this time let us do it right in the IPython
interpreter.
+{{{ switch to next slide, Indentation in ``ipython`` }}}
+
{{{ switch focus to the IPython interpreter }}}
So let us start with making a list. Type the following
@@ -166,11 +192,14 @@
four dots tell you that you are inside a block. Now type the rest of
the ``for`` loop,
+{{{ switch to next slide, Indentation in ``ipython`` (cont'd) }}}
+
.. #[Nishanth]: Tell that IPython does auto indentation.
::
- print "Square root of", each, "is", sqrt(each)
+ print "Square root of", each,
+ print "is", sqrt(each)
Now we have finished the statements in the block, and still the
interpreter is showing four dots, which means you are still inside the
@@ -178,6 +207,8 @@
without entering anything else. It printed the square root of each
number in the list, and that is executed in a ``for`` loop.
+{{{ switch to next slide, Indentation in ``python`` interpreter }}}
+
Now, let us find the cube of all the numbers from one to ten. But this
time let us try it in the vanilla version of Python interpreter.
@@ -187,6 +218,9 @@
{{{ open the python interpreter in the terminal using the command
python to start the vanilla Python interpreter }}}
+{{{ switch to next slide, Indentation in ``python`` interpreter
+(cont'd) }}}
+
Start with,
::
@@ -214,6 +248,8 @@
Then say this list can also be generated using
the range function and hence introduce range.
+{{{ switch to the next slide, ``range()`` function }}}
+
Okay! so the main thing here we learned is how to use Python
interpreter and IPython interpreter to specify blocks. But while we
were generating the multiplication table we used something new,
@@ -225,12 +261,14 @@
.. #[Nishanth]: Show some examples of range without the step argument
May be give an exercise with negative numbers as arguments
-Now, let us print all the odd numbers from 1 to 50. Let us do it in
-our IPython interpreter for ease of use.
-
{{{ switch to next slide, problem statement of the next problem in
solved exercises }}}
+Now, let us print all the odd numbers from 1 to 50. Pause here and try
+to solve the problem yourself.
+
+Let us do it in our IPython interpreter for ease of use.
+
{{{ switch focus to ipython interpreter }}}
The problem can be solved by just using the ``range()`` function.
@@ -248,7 +286,7 @@
number. The third parameter is for stepping through the sequence. Here
we gave two which means we are skipping every alternate element.
-{{{ switch to next slide, recap slide }}}
+{{{ switch to next slide, summary slide }}}
Thus we come to the end of this tutorial. We learned about blocks in
Python, indentation, blocks in IPython, for loop, iterating over a
@@ -265,9 +303,3 @@
{{{ switch to next slide, thank you slide }}}
Thank you!
-
-.. Author: Anoop Jacob Thomas <anoop@fossee.in>
- Reviewer 1: Nishanth
- Reviewer 2: Amit Sethi
- External reviewer:
-
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/getting-started-with-for/slides.org Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+#+BEAMER_FRAME_LEVEL: 1
+
+#+BEAMER_HEADER_EXTRA: \usetheme{Warsaw}\usecolortheme{default}\useoutertheme{infolines}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
+#+COLUMNS: %45ITEM %10BEAMER_env(Env) %10BEAMER_envargs(Env Args) %4BEAMER_col(Col) %8BEAMER_extra(Extra)
+#+PROPERTY: BEAMER_col_ALL 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 :ETC
+
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} \usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{listings}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER:\lstset{language=Python, basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: showstringspaces=false, keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+#+TITLE: Getting started with for
+#+AUTHOR: FOSSEE
+#+EMAIL:
+#+DATE:
+
+#+DESCRIPTION:
+#+KEYWORDS:
+#+LANGUAGE: en
+#+OPTIONS: H:3 num:nil toc:nil \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t -:t f:t *:t <:t
+#+OPTIONS: TeX:t LaTeX:nil skip:nil d:nil todo:nil pri:nil tags:not-in-toc
+
+* Outline
+ - ~for~ loop in Python.
+ - Blocks of code in Python.
+ - Indentation
+* Whitespace in Python
+ - Whitespace is significant
+ - blocks are visually separated
+ - Blocks are indented using 4 spaces
+ : Block A
+ : Block A
+ : Block B
+ : Block B
+ : Block A
+ ~Block B~ is an inner block and is indented using 4 spaces
+* Exercise 1
+ Write a ~for~ loop which iterates through a list of numbers and find
+ the square root of each number.
+ :
+ The numbers are,
+ : 1369, 7225, 3364, 7056, 5625, 729, 7056,
+ : 576, 2916
+* Solution 1
+ - Open text editor and type the following code
+ #+begin_src python
+ numbers = [1369, 7225, 3364, 7056, 5625, 729, 7056,
+ 576, 2916]
+
+ for each in numbers:
+ print "Square root of", each, "is", sqrt(each)
+
+ print "This is not in for loop!"
+ #+end_src
+* Save \& run script
+ - Save the script as ~list_roots.py~
+ - Run in ~ipython~ interpreter as,
+ : In []: %run -i list_roots.py
+* Exercise 2
+ From the given numbers make a list of perfect squares and a list of those which are not.
+ :
+ The numbers are,
+ : 7225, 3268, 3364, 2966, 7056, 5625, 729, 5547,
+ : 7056, 576, 2916
+* Exercise 3 (indentation in ~ipython~)
+ Print the square root of numbers in the list.
+ :
+ Numbers are,
+ : 7225, 3268, 3364, 2966, 7056, 5625, 729, 5547,
+ : 7056, 576, 2916
+* Indentation in ~ipython~
+ : In []: numbers = [1369, 7225, 3364, 7056, 5625,
+ : ...: 729, 7056, 576, 2916]
+
+ : In []: for each in numbers:
+ : ...:
+ Note the four spaces here
+ :
+ :
+ :
+ :
+ :
+ :
+* Indentation in ~ipython~ (cont'd)
+ : In []: numbers = [1369, 7225, 3364, 7056, 5625,
+ : ...: 729, 7056, 576, 2916]
+ : In []: for each in numbers:
+ : ...:
+ Note the four spaces here
+ :
+ Now type the rest of the code
+ : ...: print "Square root of", each,
+ : ...: print "is", sqrt(each)
+ : ...:
+ : ...:
+* Indentation in ~python~ interpreter
+ Find out the cube of all the numbers from 1 to 10.
+ :
+ /do it in the python interpreter/
+* Indentation in ~python~ interpreter (cont'd)
+ #+begin_src python
+ >>> for i in range(1, 11):
+ ... print i, "cube is", i**3
+ ...
+ #+end_src
+* ~range()~ function
+ - in built function in Python
+ - generates a list of integers
+ - /syntax:/ range([start,] stop[, step])
+ - /example:/
+ - range(1, 20) - /generates integers from 1 to 20/
+ - range(20) - /generates integers from 0 to 20/
+* Exercise 4
+ Print all the odd numbers from 1 to 50.
+* Summary
+ - blocks in ~python~
+ - indentation
+ - blocks in ~ipython~ interpreter
+ - ~for~ loop
+ - iterating over list using ~for~ loop
+ - ~range()~ function
+* Thank you!
+#+begin_latex
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+#+end_latex
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/getting-started-with-for/slides.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+% Created 2010-10-12 Tue 12:55
+\documentclass[presentation]{beamer}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage{fixltx2e}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{longtable}
+\usepackage{float}
+\usepackage{wrapfig}
+\usepackage{soul}
+\usepackage{t1enc}
+\usepackage{textcomp}
+\usepackage{marvosym}
+\usepackage{wasysym}
+\usepackage{latexsym}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+\tolerance=1000
+\usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} \usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=Python, basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+showstringspaces=false, keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+\providecommand{\alert}[1]{\textbf{#1}}
+
+\title{Getting started with for}
+\author{FOSSEE}
+\date{}
+
+\usetheme{Warsaw}\usecolortheme{default}\useoutertheme{infolines}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Outline}
+\label{sec-1}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \texttt{for} loop in Python.
+\item Blocks of code in Python.
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Indentation
+\end{itemize}
+
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Whitespace in Python}
+\label{sec-2}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Whitespace is significant
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item blocks are visually separated
+\end{itemize}
+
+\item Blocks are indented using 4 spaces
+\begin{verbatim}
+ Block A
+ Block A
+ Block B
+ Block B
+ Block A
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ \texttt{Block B} is an inner block and is indented using 4 spaces
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Exercise 1}
+\label{sec-3}
+
+ Write a \texttt{for} loop which iterates through a list of numbers and find
+ the square root of each number.
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ The numbers are,
+\begin{verbatim}
+ 1369, 7225, 3364, 7056, 5625, 729, 7056,
+ 576, 2916
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Solution 1}
+\label{sec-4}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Open text editor and type the following code
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+numbers = [1369, 7225, 3364, 7056, 5625, 729, 7056,
+ 576, 2916]
+
+for each in numbers:
+ print "Square root of", each, "is", sqrt(each)
+
+print "This is not in for loop!"
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Save \& run script}
+\label{sec-5}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Save the script as \texttt{list\_roots.py}
+\item Run in \texttt{ipython} interpreter as,
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: %run -i list_roots.py
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Exercise 2}
+\label{sec-6}
+
+ From the given numbers make a list of perfect squares and a list of those which are not.
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ The numbers are,
+\begin{verbatim}
+ 7225, 3268, 3364, 2966, 7056, 5625, 729, 5547,
+ 7056, 576, 2916
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Exercise 3 (indentation in \texttt{ipython})}
+\label{sec-7}
+
+ Print the square root of numbers in the list.
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ Numbers are,
+\begin{verbatim}
+ 7225, 3268, 3364, 2966, 7056, 5625, 729, 5547,
+ 7056, 576, 2916
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Indentation in \texttt{ipython}}
+\label{sec-8}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: numbers = [1369, 7225, 3364, 7056, 5625,
+ ...: 729, 7056, 576, 2916]
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: for each in numbers:
+ ...:
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ Note the four spaces here
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Indentation in \texttt{ipython} (cont'd)}
+\label{sec-9}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: numbers = [1369, 7225, 3364, 7056, 5625,
+ ...: 729, 7056, 576, 2916]
+ In []: for each in numbers:
+ ...:
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ Note the four spaces here
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ Now type the rest of the code
+\begin{verbatim}
+ ...: print "Square root of", each,
+ ...: print "is", sqrt(each)
+ ...:
+ ...:
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Indentation in \texttt{python} interpreter}
+\label{sec-10}
+
+ Find out the cube of all the numbers from 1 to 10.
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ \emph{do it in the python interpreter}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Indentation in \texttt{python} interpreter (cont'd)}
+\label{sec-11}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+>>> for i in range(1, 11):
+... print i, "cube is", i**3
+...
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{\texttt{range()} function}
+\label{sec-12}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item in built function in Python
+\item generates a list of integers
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \emph{syntax:} range([start,] stop[, step])
+\item \emph{example:}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item range(1, 20) - \emph{generates integers from 1 to 20}
+\item range(20) - \emph{generates integers from 0 to 20}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Exercise 4}
+\label{sec-13}
+
+ Print all the odd numbers from 1 to 50.
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Summary}
+\label{sec-14}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item blocks in \texttt{python}
+\item indentation
+\item blocks in \texttt{ipython} interpreter
+\item \texttt{for} loop
+\item iterating over list using \texttt{for} loop
+\item \texttt{range()} function
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Thank you!}
+\label{sec-15}
+
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/getting-started-with-lists/getting_started_with_lists.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+Hello friends and welcome to the tutorial on getting started with
+lists.
+
+ {{{ Show the slide containing title }}}
+
+ {{{ Show the slide containing the outline slide }}}
+
+In this tutorial we will be getting acquainted with a python data
+structure called lists. We will learn ::
+
+ * How to create lists
+ * Structure of lists
+ * Access list elements
+ * Append elements to lists
+ * Deleting elements from lists
+
+List is a compound data type, it can contain data of other data
+types. List is also a sequence data type, all the elements are in
+order and there order has a meaning.
+
+We will first create an empty list with no elements. On your IPython
+shell type ::
+
+ empty = []
+ type(empty)
+
+
+This is an empty list without any elements.
+
+* Filled lists
+
+Lets now define a list, nonempty and fill it with some random elements.
+
+nonempty = ['spam', 'eggs', 100, 1.234]
+
+Thus the simplest way of creating a list is typing out a sequence
+of comma-separated values (items) between square brackets.
+All the list items need not have the same data type.
+
+
+
+As we can see lists can contain different kinds of data. In the
+previous example 'spam' and 'eggs' are strings and 100 and 1.234
+integer and float. Thus we can put elements of heterogenous types in
+lists. Thus list themselves can be one of the element types possible
+in lists. Thus lists can also contain other lists. Example ::
+
+ list_in_list=[[4,2,3,4],'and', 1, 2, 3, 4]
+
+We access list elements using the number of index. The
+index begins from 0. So for list nonempty, nonempty[0] gives the
+first element, nonempty[1] the second element and so on and
+nonempty[3] the last element. ::
+
+ nonempty[0]
+ nonempty[1]
+ nonempty[3]
+
+We can also access the elememts from the end using negative indices ::
+
+ nonempty[-1]
+ nonempty[-2]
+ nonempty[-4]
+
+-1 gives the last element which is the 4th element , -2 second to last and -4 gives the fourth
+from last element which is first element.
+
+We can append elements to the end of a list using append command. ::
+
+ nonempty.append('onemore')
+ nonempty
+ nonempty.append(6)
+ nonempty
+
+As we can see non empty appends 'onemore' and 6 at the end.
+
+
+
+Using len function we can check the number of elements in the list
+nonempty. In this case it being 6 ::
+
+ len(nonempty)
+
+
+
+Just like we can append elements to a list we can also remove them.
+There are two ways of doing it. One is by using index. ::
+
+ del(nonempty[1])
+
+
+
+deletes the element at index 1, i.e the second element of the
+list, 'eggs'. The other way is removing element by content. Lets say
+one wishes to delete 100 from nonempty list the syntax of the command
+should be ::
+
+ a.remove(100)
+
+but what if their were two 100's. To check that lets do a small
+experiment. ::
+
+ a.append('spam')
+ a
+ a.remove('spam')
+ a
+
+If we check a now we will see that the first occurence 'spam' is removed
+thus remove removes the first occurence of the element in the sequence
+and leaves others untouched.
+
+
+{{{Slide for Summary }}}
+
+
+In this tutorial we came across a sequence data type called lists. ::
+
+ * We learned how to create lists.
+ * How to access lists.
+ * Append elements to list.
+ * Delete Element from list.
+ * And Checking list length.
+
+
+
+{{{ Sponsored by Fossee Slide }}}
+
+This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project.
+
+I hope you found this tutorial useful.
+
+Thank You
+
+
+ * Author : Amit Sethi
+ * First Reviewer :
+ * Second Reviewer : Nishanth
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/getting-started-with-lists/questions.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+Objective Questions
+-------------------
+
+.. A mininum of 8 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. How do you create an empty list? ::
+
+ empty=[]
+
+2. What is the most important property of sequence data types like lists?
+
+ The elements are in order and can be accessed by index numbers.
+
+3. Can you have a list inside a list ?
+
+ Yes,List can contain all the other data types, including list.
+
+ Example:
+ list_in_list=[2.3,[2,4,6],'string,'all datatypes can be there']
+
+4. What is the index number of the first element in a list?
+
+ 0
+ nonempty = ['spam', 'eggs', 100, 1.234]
+ nonempty[0]
+
+5. How would you access the end of a list without finding its length?
+
+ Using negative indices. We can the list from the end using negative indices.
+
+ ::
+ nonempty = ['spam', 'eggs', 100, 1.234]
+ nonempty[-1]
+
+6. What is the function to find the length of a list?
+
+ len
+
+ 7.
+
+Larger Questions
+----------------
+
+.. A minimum of 2 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. Question 1
+2. Question 2
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/getting-started-with-lists/quickref.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Creating a linear array:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50)|}
+
+Plotting two variables:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| plot(x, sin(x))|}
+
+Plotting two lists of equal length x, y:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| plot(x, y)|}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/getting-started-with-lists/slides.org Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+#+BEAMER_FRAME_LEVEL: 1
+
+#+BEAMER_HEADER_EXTRA: \usetheme{Warsaw}\useoutertheme{infolines}\usecolortheme{default}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
+#+COLUMNS: %45ITEM %10BEAMER_env(Env) %10BEAMER_envargs(Env Args) %4BEAMER_col(Col) %8BEAMER_extra(Extra)
+#+PROPERTY: BEAMER_col_ALL 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 :ETC
+#+OPTIONS: H:5 num:t toc:nil \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t -:t f:t *:t <:t
+
+#+TITLE: Plotting Data
+#+AUTHOR: FOSSEE
+#+DATE: 2010-09-14 Tue
+#+EMAIL: info@fossee.in
+
+# \author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
+
+# \institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
+# \date{}
+
+* Tutorial Plan
+** How to create lists
+** Structure of lists
+** Access list elements
+** Append elements to lists
+** Deleting elements from lists
+
+
+* Summary
+
+ l=[1,2,3,4]
+ l[-1]
+ l.append(5)
+ del(l[2])
+ len(l)
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/getting-started-with-lists/slides.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%Tutorial slides on Python.
+%
+% Author: FOSSEE
+% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\documentclass[14pt,compress]{beamer}
+%\documentclass[draft]{beamer}
+%\documentclass[compress,handout]{beamer}
+%\usepackage{pgfpages}
+%\pgfpagesuselayout{2 on 1}[a4paper,border shrink=5mm]
+
+% Modified from: generic-ornate-15min-45min.de.tex
+\mode<presentation>
+{
+ \usetheme{Warsaw}
+ \useoutertheme{infolines}
+ \setbeamercovered{transparent}
+}
+
+\usepackage[english]{babel}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+%\usepackage{times}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+
+\usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler}
+\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
+
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=Python,
+ basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+ commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape,
+ stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+ showstringspaces=false,
+ keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Macros
+\setbeamercolor{emphbar}{bg=blue!20, fg=black}
+\newcommand{\emphbar}[1]
+{\begin{beamercolorbox}[rounded=true]{emphbar}
+ {#1}
+ \end{beamercolorbox}
+}
+\newcounter{time}
+\setcounter{time}{0}
+\newcommand{\inctime}[1]{\addtocounter{time}{#1}{\tiny \thetime\ m}}
+
+\newcommand{\typ}[1]{\lstinline{#1}}
+
+\newcommand{\kwrd}[1]{ \texttt{\textbf{\color{blue}{#1}}} }
+
+% Title page
+\title{Your Title Here}
+
+\author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
+
+\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
+\date{}
+
+% DOCUMENT STARTS
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \maketitle
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Outline}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% All other slides here. %%
+%% The same slides will be used in a classroom setting. %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Summary}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \frametitle{Thank you!}
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
--- a/manipulating-lists.rst Tue Oct 12 11:44:33 2010 +0530
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,180 +0,0 @@
-Hello friends. Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Getting started with
-strings.
-
-{{{ Show the slide containing the title }}}
-
-{{{ Show the slide containing the outline }}}
-
-We have already learnt a lot about Lists in Python. In this tutorial,
-we will learn more about advanced features of Lists in Python. We will
-see in detail how to concatenate two lists, slicing and striding of
-lists, methods to sort and reverse the list.
-
-{{{ Shift to terminal and start ipython }}}
-
-To begin with let us start ipython, by typing::
-
- ipython
-
-on the terminal
-
-We already know what Lists are in Python, how to access individual
-elements in the list and some of the functions that can be run on the
-lists like max, min, sum len and so on. Now let us learn some of the
-basic operations that can be performed on Lists.
-
-We already know how to access individual elements in a List. But what
-if we have a scenario where we need to get a part of the entire list
-or what we call as a slice of the list? Python supports slicing on
-lists. Let us say I have the list::
-
- primes = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29]
-
-To obtain the all the primes between 10 and 20 from the above list of
-primes we say::
-
- primes[4:8]
-
-This gives us all the elements in the list starting from the element
-with the index 4 which is 11 in our list upto the element with index 8
-in the list but not including the eigth element. So we obtain a slice
-starting from 11 upto 19th. It is a very important to remember that
-when ever we specify a range of elements in Python the start index is
-included and end index is not included. So in the above case, 11 which
-was the element with the index 4 was included but 23 which was the
-element with index 8 was exluded.
-
-Generalizing, we can obtain a slice of the list "p" from the index
-"start" upto the index "end" but excluding "end" with the following
-syntax
-
-{{{ Show the slide containing p[start:stop] }}}
-
-By default the slice fetches all the elements between start and stop
-including start but not stop. So as to say we obtain all the elements
-between start and stop in steps of one. Python also provides us the
-functionality to specify the steps in which the slice must be
-obtained. Say we have::
-
- num = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
-
-If we want to obtain all the odd numbers less than 10 from the list
-"num" we have to start from element with index 1 upto the index 10 in
-steps of 2::
-
- num[1:10:2]
-
-So if we don't specify the step it is by default 1. Similary there are
-default values for start and stop indices as well. If we don't specify
-the start index it is implicitly taken as the first element of the
-list::
-
- num[:10]
-
-This gives us all the elements from the beginning upto the 10th
-element but not including the 10th element in the list "num". Similary
-if the stop index is not specified it is implicitly assumed to be the
-end of the list, including the last element of the list::
-
- num[10:]
-
-gives all the elements starting from the 10th element in the list
-"num" upto the final element including that last element. Now::
-
- num[::2]
-
-gives us all the even numbers in the list "num".
-
-The other basic operation that we can perform on list is concatenation
-of two or more lists. We can combine two lists by using the "plus"
-operator. Say we have
-
-{{{ Read as you type }}}::
-
- a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
- b = [4, 5, 6, 7]
- a + b
-
-When we concatenate lists using the "plus" operator we get a new
-list. We can store this list in a new variable::
-
- c = a + b
- c
-
-It is important to observe that the "plus" operator always returns a
-new list without touching anything in the existing lists which are the
-operands of the concatenation operation.
-
-We know that list is a collection of data. Whenever we have a
-collection we run into situations where we want to start the
-collection. Lists support sort method which sorts the list inplace::
-
- a = [5, 1, 6, 7, 7, 10]
- a.sort()
-
-Now the contents of the list "a" will be::
-
- a
- [1, 5, 6, 7, 7, 10]
-
-Since the sort method sorts the list inplace the original list we had
-is overwritten or replaced. We have no way to obtain the original list
-back. One way to avoid this is to keep a copy of the original list in
-another variable and run the sort method on the list. However Python
-also provides a built-in function called sorted which sorts the list
-which is passed as an argument to it and returns a new sorted list::
-
- a = [5, 1, 6, 7, 7, 10]
- sorted(a)
-
-We can store this sorted list another list variable::
-
- sa = sorted(a)
-
-Similarly to perform certain operations on the list we would like to
-reverse the list. Python provides reverse method which again reverses
-the list inplace::
-
- a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- a.reverse()
-
-reverses the list "a" and stores the reversed list inplace i.e. in "a"
-itself. Lets see the list "a"::
-
- a
- [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
-
-But again the original list is lost. If we want to obtain the reverse
-of a list keeping the original list intact we can use the Python
-built-in function reversed. reversed function returns a new list which
-is the reverse of the list which was passed as the argument to the
-reversed function::
-
- a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- reversed(a)
-
-We can also store this new reversed list in another list variable.
-
-{{{ Show summary slide }}}
-
-This brings us to the end of another session. In this tutorial session
-we learnt
-
- * How to define strings
- * Different types of defining a string
- * String concatenation and repeatition
- * Accessing individual elements of the string
- * Immutability of strings
-
-{{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}}
-
-This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India
-
-Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.
-Thankyou
-
-.. Author : Madhu
- Internal Reviewer 1 : [potential reviewer: Nishanth]
- Internal Reviewer 2 : [potential reviewer: Amit]
- External Reviewer :
-
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/manipulating-lists/questions.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+Objective Questions
+-------------------
+
+.. A mininum of 8 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. Given the list primes, ``primes = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23,
+ 29]``, How do you obtain the last 4 primes?
+
+ Answer: primes[-4:]
+
+#. Given the list primes, ``primes = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23,
+ 29]``, What is the output of ``primes[::5]``?
+
+ Answer: ``[2, 13]``
+
+#. Given a list, p, of unknown length, obtain the first 3 (or all, if
+ there are fewer) characters of it.
+
+ Answer: p[:3]
+
+#. The method ``reverse`` reverses a list in-place. True or False?
+
+ Answer: True
+
+#. ``reversed`` function reverses a list in-place. True or False?
+
+ Answer: False
+
+#. Given the list ``p = [1, 2, 3]``. p[4] produces an IndexError. True
+ or False?
+
+ Answer: True
+
+#. Given the list ``p = [1, 2, 3]``. p[:4] produces an IndexError. True
+ or False?
+
+ Answer: False
+
+#. Given the list primes, ``primes = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11]``, What is the
+ output of ``primes[::-1]``?
+
+ Answer: [11, 7, 5, 3, 2]
+
+#. Given the list primes, ``primes = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11]``, What is the
+ output of ``primes[::-3]``?
+
+ Answer: [11, 3]
+
+
+Larger Questions
+----------------
+
+.. A minimum of 2 questions here (along with answers)
+
+#. Given a list p. Append it's reverse to itself.
+
+ Answer::
+
+ p = p + reversed(p)
+
+
+#. Marks is a list containing the roll numbers of students followed by
+ marks. [This is not a recommended way to hold the marks details,
+ but the teacher knows only so much Python!] Now she wants to get
+ the average of the marks. Help her do it.
+
+ Answer::
+
+ marks = [1, 9, 2, 8, 3, 3, 4, 10, 5, 2]
+ average = sum(marks[1::2])/len(marks[1::2])
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/manipulating-lists/quickref.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Creating a linear array:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50)|}
+
+Plotting two variables:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| plot(x, sin(x))|}
+
+Plotting two lists of equal length x, y:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| plot(x, y)|}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/manipulating-lists/script.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+
+.. Clearly state the objectives of the LO (along with RBT level)
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+.. 1. getting started with lists
+.. 2.
+.. 3.
+
+.. Author : Madhu
+ Internal Reviewer :
+ External Reviewer :
+ Checklist OK? : <put date stamp here, if OK> [2010-10-05]
+
+Script
+------
+
+{{{ Show the slide containing the title }}}
+
+Hello friends. Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Manipulating Lists.
+
+
+{{{ Show the slide containing the outline }}}
+
+We have already learnt a lot about Lists in Python. In this tutorial,
+we will learn more about advanced features of Lists in Python. We will
+see in detail how to concatenate two lists, slicing and striding of
+lists, methods to sort and reverse the list.
+
+{{{ Shift to terminal and start ipython }}}
+
+To begin with let us start ipython, by typing::
+
+ ipython
+
+on the terminal
+
+We already know what Lists are in Python, how to access individual
+elements in the list and some of the functions that can be run on the
+lists like max, min, sum len and so on. Now let us learn some of the
+basic operations that can be performed on Lists.
+
+We already know how to access individual elements in a List. But what
+if we have a scenario where we need to get a part of the entire list
+or what we call as a slice of the list? Python supports slicing on
+lists. Let us say I have the list::
+
+ primes = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29]
+
+To obtain the all the primes between 10 and 20 from the above list of
+primes we say::
+
+ primes[4:8]
+
+This gives us all the elements in the list starting from the element
+with the index 4 which is 11 in our list upto the element with index 8
+in the list but not including the eigth element. So we obtain a slice
+starting from 11 upto 19th. It is a very important to remember that
+when ever we specify a range of elements in Python the start index is
+included and end index is not included. So in the above case, 11 which
+was the element with the index 4 was included but 23 which was the
+element with index 8 was excluded.
+
+Generalizing, we can obtain a slice of the list "p" from the index
+"start" upto the index "end" but excluding "end" with the following
+syntax
+
+{{{ Show the slide containing p[start:stop] }}}
+
+By default the slice fetches all the elements between start and stop
+including start but not stop. So as to say we obtain all the elements
+between start and stop in steps of one. Python also provides us the
+functionality to specify the steps in which the slice must be
+obtained. Say we have::
+
+ num = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]
+
+If we want to obtain all the odd numbers less than 10 from the list
+"num" we have to start from element with index 1 upto the index 10 in
+steps of 2::
+
+ num[1:10:2]
+
+So if we don't specify the step it is by default 1. Similary there are
+default values for start and stop indices as well. If we don't specify
+the start index it is implicitly taken as the first element of the
+list::
+
+ num[:10]
+
+This gives us all the elements from the beginning upto the 10th
+element but not including the 10th element in the list "num". Similary
+if the stop index is not specified it is implicitly assumed to be the
+end of the list, including the last element of the list::
+
+ num[10:]
+
+gives all the elements starting from the 10th element in the list
+"num" upto the final element including that last element. Now::
+
+ num[::2]
+
+gives us all the even numbers in the list "num".
+
+The other basic operation that we can perform on list is concatenation
+of two or more lists. We can combine two lists by using the "plus"
+operator. Say we have
+
+{{{ Read as you type }}}::
+
+ a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
+ b = [4, 5, 6, 7]
+ a + b
+
+When we concatenate lists using the "plus" operator we get a new
+list. We can store this list in a new variable::
+
+ c = a + b
+ c
+
+It is important to observe that the "plus" operator always returns a
+new list without touching anything in the existing lists which are the
+operands of the concatenation operation.
+
+We know that list is a collection of data. Whenever we have a
+collection we run into situations where we want to start the
+collection. Lists support sort method which sorts the list inplace::
+
+ a = [5, 1, 6, 7, 7, 10]
+ a.sort()
+
+Now the contents of the list "a" will be::
+
+ a
+ [1, 5, 6, 7, 7, 10]
+
+Since the sort method sorts the list inplace the original list we had
+is overwritten or replaced. We have no way to obtain the original list
+back. One way to avoid this is to keep a copy of the original list in
+another variable and run the sort method on the list. However Python
+also provides a built-in function called sorted which sorts the list
+which is passed as an argument to it and returns a new sorted list::
+
+ a = [5, 1, 6, 7, 7, 10]
+ sorted(a)
+
+We can store this sorted list another list variable::
+
+ sa = sorted(a)
+
+Similarly to perform certain operations on the list we would like to
+reverse the list. Python provides reverse method which again reverses
+the list inplace::
+
+ a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ a.reverse()
+
+reverses the list "a" and stores the reversed list inplace i.e. in "a"
+itself. Lets see the list "a"::
+
+ a
+ [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
+
+But again the original list is lost. If we want to obtain the reverse
+of a list keeping the original list intact we can use the Python
+built-in function reversed. reversed function returns a new list which
+is the reverse of the list which was passed as the argument to the
+reversed function::
+
+ a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+ reversed(a)
+
+We can also store this new reversed list in another list variable.
+
+{{{ Show summary slide }}}
+
+This brings us to the end of another session. In this tutorial session
+we learnt
+
+ * How to define strings
+ * Different types of defining a string
+ * String concatenation and repeatition
+ * Accessing individual elements of the string
+ * Immutability of strings
+
+{{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}}
+
+This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India
+
+Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.
+Thank you!
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/manipulating-lists/slides.org Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+#+BEAMER_FRAME_LEVEL: 1
+
+#+BEAMER_HEADER_EXTRA: \usetheme{Warsaw}\usecolortheme{default}\useoutertheme{infolines}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
+#+COLUMNS: %45ITEM %10BEAMER_env(Env) %10BEAMER_envargs(Env Args) %4BEAMER_col(Col) %8BEAMER_extra(Extra)
+#+PROPERTY: BEAMER_col_ALL 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 :ETC
+
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} \usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{listings}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER:\lstset{language=Python, basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: showstringspaces=false, keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+#+TITLE: Accessing parts of arrays
+#+AUTHOR: FOSSEE
+#+EMAIL:
+#+DATE:
+
+#+DESCRIPTION:
+#+KEYWORDS:
+#+LANGUAGE: en
+#+OPTIONS: H:3 num:nil toc:nil \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t -:t f:t *:t <:t
+#+OPTIONS: TeX:t LaTeX:nil skip:nil d:nil todo:nil pri:nil tags:not-in-toc
+
+* Outline
+ - Manipulating one and multi dimensional arrays
+ - Access and change individual elements
+ - Access and change rows and columns
+ - Slicing and striding on arrays to access chunks
+ - Read images into arrays and manipulations
+* Sample Arrays
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: A = array([12, 23, 34, 45, 56])
+
+ In []: C = array([[11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
+ [21, 22, 23, 24, 25],
+ [31, 32, 33, 34, 35],
+ [41, 42, 43, 44, 45],
+ [51, 52, 53, 54, 55]])
+
+ #+end_src
+* Question 1
+ Change the last column of ~C~ to zeroes.
+* Solution 1
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[:, -1] = 0
+ #+end_src
+* Question 2
+ Change ~A~ to ~[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]~.
+* Solution 2
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: A[:] = [11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
+ #+end_src
+* squares.png
+ #+begin_latex
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[scale=0.6]{squares}
+ \end{center}
+ #+end_latex
+* Question 3
+ - obtain ~[22, 23]~ from ~C~.
+ - obtain ~[11, 21, 31, 41]~ from ~C~.
+ - obtain ~[21, 31, 41, 0]~.
+* Solution 3
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[1, 1:3]
+ In []: C[0:4, 0]
+ In []: C[1:5, 0]
+ #+end_src
+* Question 4
+ Obtain ~[[23, 24], [33, -34]]~ from ~C~
+* Solution 4
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[1:3, 2:4]
+ #+end_src
+* Question 5
+ Obtain the square in the center of the image
+* Solution 5
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: imshow(I[75:225, 75:225])
+ #+end_src
+* Question 6
+ Obtain the following
+ #+begin_src python
+ [[12, 0], [42, 0]]
+ [[12, 13, 14], [0, 0, 0]]
+ #+end_src
+
+* Solution 6
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[::3, 1::3]
+ In []: C[::4, 1:4]
+ #+end_src
+* Summary
+ You should now be able to --
+ - Manipulate 1D \& Multi dimensional arrays
+ - Access and change individual elements
+ - Access and change rows and columns
+ - Slice and stride on arrays
+ - Read images into arrays and manipulate them.
+* Thank you!
+#+begin_latex
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+#+end_latex
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/manipulating-lists/slides.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%Tutorial slides on Python.
+%
+% Author: FOSSEE
+% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\documentclass[14pt,compress]{beamer}
+%\documentclass[draft]{beamer}
+%\documentclass[compress,handout]{beamer}
+%\usepackage{pgfpages}
+%\pgfpagesuselayout{2 on 1}[a4paper,border shrink=5mm]
+
+% Modified from: generic-ornate-15min-45min.de.tex
+\mode<presentation>
+{
+ \usetheme{Warsaw}
+ \useoutertheme{infolines}
+ \setbeamercovered{transparent}
+}
+
+\usepackage[english]{babel}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+%\usepackage{times}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+
+\usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler}
+\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
+
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=Python,
+ basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+ commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape,
+ stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+ showstringspaces=false,
+ keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Macros
+\setbeamercolor{emphbar}{bg=blue!20, fg=black}
+\newcommand{\emphbar}[1]
+{\begin{beamercolorbox}[rounded=true]{emphbar}
+ {#1}
+ \end{beamercolorbox}
+}
+\newcounter{time}
+\setcounter{time}{0}
+\newcommand{\inctime}[1]{\addtocounter{time}{#1}{\tiny \thetime\ m}}
+
+\newcommand{\typ}[1]{\lstinline{#1}}
+
+\newcommand{\kwrd}[1]{ \texttt{\textbf{\color{blue}{#1}}} }
+
+% Title page
+\title{Your Title Here}
+
+\author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
+
+\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
+\date{}
+
+% DOCUMENT STARTS
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \maketitle
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Outline}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% All other slides here. %%
+%% The same slides will be used in a classroom setting. %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Summary}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \frametitle{Thank you!}
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
--- a/matrices/script.rst Tue Oct 12 11:44:33 2010 +0530
+++ b/matrices/script.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -1,17 +1,35 @@
-.. 4.3 LO: Matrices (3) [anoop]
-.. -----------------------------
-.. * creating matrices
-.. + direct data
-.. + list conversion
-.. + builtins - identitiy, zeros,
-.. * matrix operations
-.. + + - * /
-.. + dot
-.. + inv
-.. + det
-.. + eig
-.. + norm
-.. + svd
+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+
+.. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to
+
+.. 1. Create matrices using data.
+.. #. Create matrices from lists.
+.. #. Basic matrix operations.
+.. #. Use ``inv()`` function to find inverse of a matrix.
+.. #. Use ``det()`` function to find determinant of a matrix.
+.. #. Use ``eig()`` and ``eigvals()`` functions to find eigen values
+ and vectors
+.. #. Use ``norm()`` function to find norm of a matrix.
+.. #. Use ``svd()`` function to find singular value decomposition of a
+ matrix.
+
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+.. 1. should have ``ipython`` and ``pylab`` installed.
+.. #. getting started with ``ipython``.
+.. #. getting started with lists.
+.. #. getting started with arrays.
+.. #. accessing part of arrays.
+
+
+.. Author : Anoop Jacob Thomas <anoop@fossee.in>
+ Internal Reviewer :
+ External Reviewer :
+ Checklist OK? : <put date stamp here, if OK> [2010-10-05]
+
========
Matrices
@@ -22,8 +40,10 @@
{{{ switch to next slide, outline slide }}}
-In this tutorial we will learn about matrices, creating matrices and
-matrix operations.
+In this tutorial we will learn about matrices, creating matrices using
+direct data, by converting a list, matrix operations. Finding inverse
+of a matrix, determinant of a matrix, eigen values and eigen vectors
+of a matrix, norm and singular value decomposition of matrices.
{{{ creating a matrix }}}
@@ -88,6 +108,8 @@
multiply(m3,m2)
+{{{ switch to next slide, Matrix multiplication (cont'd) }}}
+
Now let us see an example for matrix multiplication. For doing matrix
multiplication we need to have two matrices of the order n by m and m
by r and the resulting matrix will be of the order n by r. Thus let us
@@ -108,11 +130,15 @@
{{{ switch to next slide, recall from arrays }}}
-As we already saw in arrays, the functions ``identity()``,
-``zeros()``, ``zeros_like()``, ``ones()``, ``ones_like()`` may also be
-used with matrices.
+As we already saw in arrays, the functions ``identity()`` which
+creates an identity matrix of the order n by n, ``zeros()`` which
+creates a matrix of the order m by n with all zeros, ``zeros_like()``
+which creates a matrix with zeros with the shape of the matrix passed,
+``ones()`` which creates a matrix of order m by n with all ones,
+``ones_like()`` which creates a matrix with ones with the shape of the
+matrix passed. These functions can also be used with matrices.
-{{{ switch to next slide, matrix operations }}}
+{{{ switch to next slide, more matrix operations }}}
To find out the transpose of a matrix we can do,
::
@@ -178,8 +204,6 @@
norm(im5)
-Euclidean norm is also called Frobenius norm.
-
And to find out the Infinity norm of the matrix im5, we do,
::
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/matrices/slides.org Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+#+BEAMER_FRAME_LEVEL: 1
+
+#+BEAMER_HEADER_EXTRA: \usetheme{Warsaw}\usecolortheme{default}\useoutertheme{infolines}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
+#+COLUMNS: %45ITEM %10BEAMER_env(Env) %10BEAMER_envargs(Env Args) %4BEAMER_col(Col) %8BEAMER_extra(Extra)
+#+PROPERTY: BEAMER_col_ALL 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 :ETC
+
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} \usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{listings}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER:\lstset{language=Python, basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: showstringspaces=false, keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+#+TITLE: Matrices
+#+AUTHOR: FOSSEE
+#+EMAIL:
+#+DATE:
+
+#+DESCRIPTION:
+#+KEYWORDS:
+#+LANGUAGE: en
+#+OPTIONS: H:3 num:nil toc:nil \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t -:t f:t *:t <:t
+#+OPTIONS: TeX:t LaTeX:nil skip:nil d:nil todo:nil pri:nil tags:not-in-toc
+
+* Outline
+ - Creating Matrices
+ - using direct data
+ - converting a list
+ - Matrix operations
+ - Inverse of matrix
+ - Determinant of matrix
+ - Eigen values and Eigen vectors of matrices
+ - Norm of matrix
+ - Singular Value Decomposition of matrices
+
+* Creating a matrix
+ - Creating a matrix using direct data
+ : In []: m1 = matrix([1, 2, 3, 4])
+ - Creating a matrix using lists
+ : In []: l1 = [[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8]]
+ : In []: m2 = matrix(l1)
+ - A matrix is basically an array
+ : In []: m3 = array([[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12]])
+
+* Matrix operations
+ - Element-wise addition (both matrix should be of order ~mXn~)
+ : In []: m3 + m2
+ - Element-wise subtraction (both matrix should be of order ~mXn~)
+ : In []: m3 - m2
+* Matrix Multiplication
+ - Matrix Multiplication
+ : In []: m3 * m2
+ : Out []: ValueError: objects are not aligned
+ - Element-wise multiplication using ~multiply()~
+ : multiply(m3, m2)
+
+* Matrix Multiplication (cont'd)
+ - Create two compatible matrices of order ~nXm~ and ~mXr~
+ : In []: m1.shape
+ - matrix m1 is of order ~1 X 4~
+ - Creating another matrix of order ~4 X 2~
+ : In []: m4 = matrix([[1,2],[3,4],[5,6],[7,8]])
+ - Matrix multiplication
+ : In []: m1 * m4
+* Recall from ~array~
+ - The functions
+ - ~identity(n)~ -
+ creates an identity matrix of order ~nXn~
+ - ~zeros((m,n))~ -
+ creates a matrix of order ~mXn~ with 0's
+ - ~zeros_like(A)~ -
+ creates a matrix with 0's similar to the shape of matrix ~A~
+ - ~ones((m,n))~
+ creates a matrix of order ~mXn~ with 1's
+ - ~ones_like(A)~
+ creates a matrix with 1's similar to the shape of matrix ~A~
+ Can also be used with matrices
+
+* More matrix operations
+ Transpose of a matrix
+ : In []: m4.T
+* Exercise 1 : Frobenius norm \& inverse
+ Find out the Frobenius norm of inverse of a ~4 X 4~ matrix.
+ :
+ The matrix is
+ : m5 = matrix(arange(1,17).reshape(4,4))
+ - Inverse of A,
+ -
+ #+begin_latex
+ $A^{-1} = inv(A)$
+ #+end_latex
+ - Frobenius norm is defined as,
+ -
+ #+begin_latex
+ $||A||_F = [\sum_{i,j} abs(a_{i,j})^2]^{1/2}$
+ #+end_latex
+
+* Exercise 2: Infinity norm
+ Find the infinity norm of the matrix ~im5~
+ :
+ - Infinity norm is defined as,
+ #+begin_latex
+ $max([\sum_{i} abs(a_{i})^2])$
+ #+end_latex
+* ~norm()~ method
+ - Frobenius norm
+ : In []: norm(im5)
+ - Infinity norm
+ : In []: norm(im5, ord=inf)
+* Determinant
+ Find out the determinant of the matrix m5
+ :
+ - determinant can be found out using
+ - ~det(A)~ - returns the determinant of matrix ~A~
+* eigen values \& eigen vectors
+ Find out the eigen values and eigen vectors of the matrix ~m5~.
+ :
+ - eigen values and vectors can be found out using
+ : In []: eig(m5)
+ returns a tuple of /eigen values/ and /eigen vectors/
+ - /eigen values/ in tuple
+ - ~In []: eig(m5)[0]~
+ - /eigen vectors/ in tuple
+ - ~In []: eig(m5)[1]~
+ - Computing /eigen values/ using ~eigvals()~
+ : In []: eigvals(m5)
+* Singular Value Decomposition (~svd~)
+ #+begin_latex
+ $M = U \Sigma V^*$
+ #+end_latex
+ - U, an ~mXm~ unitary matrix over K.
+ -
+ #+begin_latex
+ $\Sigma$
+ #+end_latex
+ , an ~mXn~ diagonal matrix with non-negative real numbers on diagonal.
+ -
+ #+begin_latex
+ $V^*$
+ #+end_latex
+ , an ~nXn~ unitary matrix over K, denotes the conjugate transpose of V.
+ - SVD of matrix ~m5~ can be found out as,
+ : In []: svd(m5)
+* Summary
+ - Matrices
+ - creating matrices
+ - Matrix operations
+ - Inverse (~inv()~)
+ - Determinant (~det()~)
+ - Norm (~norm()~)
+ - Eigen values \& vectors (~eig(), eigvals()~)
+ - Singular Value Decomposition (~svd()~)
+
+* Thank you!
+#+begin_latex
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+#+end_latex
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/matrices/slides.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+% Created 2010-10-12 Tue 14:28
+\documentclass[presentation]{beamer}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage{fixltx2e}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{longtable}
+\usepackage{float}
+\usepackage{wrapfig}
+\usepackage{soul}
+\usepackage{t1enc}
+\usepackage{textcomp}
+\usepackage{marvosym}
+\usepackage{wasysym}
+\usepackage{latexsym}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+\tolerance=1000
+\usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} \usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=Python, basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+showstringspaces=false, keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+\providecommand{\alert}[1]{\textbf{#1}}
+
+\title{Matrices}
+\author{FOSSEE}
+\date{}
+
+\usetheme{Warsaw}\usecolortheme{default}\useoutertheme{infolines}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Outline}
+\label{sec-1}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Creating Matrices
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item using direct data
+\item converting a list
+\end{itemize}
+
+\item Matrix operations
+\item Inverse of matrix
+\item Determinant of matrix
+\item Eigen values and Eigen vectors of matrices
+\item Norm of matrix
+\item Singular Value Decomposition of matrices
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Creating a matrix}
+\label{sec-2}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Creating a matrix using direct data
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: m1 = matrix([1, 2, 3, 4])
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Creating a matrix using lists
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: l1 = [[1,2,3,4],[5,6,7,8]]
+ In []: m2 = matrix(l1)
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item A matrix is basically an array
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: m3 = array([[5,6,7,8],[9,10,11,12]])
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Matrix operations}
+\label{sec-3}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Element-wise addition (both matrix should be of order \texttt{mXn})
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: m3 + m2
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item Element-wise subtraction (both matrix should be of order \texttt{mXn})
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: m3 - m2
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Matrix Multiplication}
+\label{sec-4}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Matrix Multiplication
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: m3 * m2
+ Out []: ValueError: objects are not aligned
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item Element-wise multiplication using \texttt{multiply()}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ multiply(m3, m2)
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Matrix Multiplication (cont'd)}
+\label{sec-5}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Create two compatible matrices of order \texttt{nXm} and \texttt{mXr}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: m1.shape
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item matrix m1 is of order \texttt{1 X 4}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\item Creating another matrix of order \texttt{4 X 2}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: m4 = matrix([[1,2],[3,4],[5,6],[7,8]])
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item Matrix multiplication
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: m1 * m4
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Recall from \texttt{array}}
+\label{sec-6}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item The functions
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \texttt{identity(n)} -
+ creates an identity matrix of order \texttt{nXn}
+\item \texttt{zeros((m,n))} -
+ creates a matrix of order \texttt{mXn} with 0's
+\item \texttt{zeros\_like(A)} -
+ creates a matrix with 0's similar to the shape of matrix \texttt{A}
+\item \texttt{ones((m,n))}
+ creates a matrix of order \texttt{mXn} with 1's
+\item \texttt{ones\_like(A)}
+ creates a matrix with 1's similar to the shape of matrix \texttt{A}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+ Can also be used with matrices
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{More matrix operations}
+\label{sec-7}
+
+ Transpose of a matrix
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: m4.T
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Exercise 1 : Frobenius norm \& inverse}
+\label{sec-8}
+
+ Find out the Frobenius norm of inverse of a \texttt{4 X 4} matrix.
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ The matrix is
+\begin{verbatim}
+ m5 = matrix(arange(1,17).reshape(4,4))
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Inverse of A,
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item $A^{-1} = inv(A)$
+\end{itemize}
+
+\item Frobenius norm is defined as,
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item $||A||_F = [\sum_{i,j} abs(a_{i,j})^2]^{1/2}$
+\end{itemize}
+
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Exercise 2: Infinity norm}
+\label{sec-9}
+
+ Find the infinity norm of the matrix \texttt{im5}
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Infinity norm is defined as,
+ $max([\sum_{i} abs(a_{i})^2])$
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\texttt{norm()} method}
+\label{sec-10}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Frobenius norm
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: norm(im5)
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item Infinity norm
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: norm(im5, ord=inf)
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Determinant}
+\label{sec-11}
+
+ Find out the determinant of the matrix m5
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item determinant can be found out using
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \texttt{det(A)} - returns the determinant of matrix \texttt{A}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{eigen values \& eigen vectors}
+\label{sec-12}
+
+ Find out the eigen values and eigen vectors of the matrix \texttt{m5}.
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item eigen values and vectors can be found out using
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: eig(m5)
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ returns a tuple of \emph{eigen values} and \emph{eigen vectors}
+\item \emph{eigen values} in tuple
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \texttt{In []: eig(m5)[0]}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\item \emph{eigen vectors} in tuple
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \texttt{In []: eig(m5)[1]}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\item Computing \emph{eigen values} using \texttt{eigvals()}
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: eigvals(m5)
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Singular Value Decomposition (\texttt{svd})}
+\label{sec-13}
+
+ $M = U \Sigma V^*$
+\begin{itemize}
+\item U, an \texttt{mXm} unitary matrix over K.
+\item $\Sigma$
+ , an \texttt{mXn} diagonal matrix with non-negative real numbers on diagonal.
+\item $V^*$
+ , an \texttt{nXn} unitary matrix over K, denotes the conjugate transpose of V.
+\item SVD of matrix \texttt{m5} can be found out as,
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: svd(m5)
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Summary}
+\label{sec-14}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Matrices
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item creating matrices
+\end{itemize}
+
+\item Matrix operations
+\item Inverse (\texttt{inv()})
+\item Determinant (\texttt{det()})
+\item Norm (\texttt{norm()})
+\item Eigen values \& vectors (\texttt{eig(), eigvals()})
+\item Singular Value Decomposition (\texttt{svd()})
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Thank you!}
+\label{sec-15}
+
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+
+
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
--- a/multiple-plots.rst Tue Oct 12 11:44:33 2010 +0530
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,362 +0,0 @@
-Hello friends. Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Multiple plots.
-
-{{{ Show the slide containing the title }}}
-
-{{{ Show the slide containing the outline }}}
-
-In this tutorial, we will learn how to draw more than one plot, how to
-add legends to each plot to indicate what each plot represents. We
-will also learn how to switch between the plots and create multiple
-plots with different regular axes which are also called as subplots.
-
-.. #[Nishanth]: See diff - edited a grammatical mistake
-.. #[Madhu: Done]
-
-{{{ Shift to terminal and start ipython -pylab }}}
-
-To begin with let us start ipython with pylab, by typing::
-
- ipython -pylab
-
-on the terminal
-
-Let us first create set of points for our plot. For this we will use
-the command called linspace::
-
- x = linspace(0, 50, 10)
-
-linspace command creates 10 points in the interval between 0 and 50
-both inclusive. We assign these values to a variable called x.
-
-.. #[Nishanth]: pre requisite for this LO is basic plotting which
- covers linspace and plot. So you may not need to
- specify all that again. But not a problem if it is
- there also.
-.. #[Madhu: Since I thought the LOs are disconnected, I thought it is
- better to give a very short intro to it]
-
-Now let us draw a plot simple sine plot using these points::
-
- plot(x, sin(x))
-
-This should give us a nice sine plot.
-
-{{{ Switch to the plot window }}}
-
-Oh! wait! Is that a nice sine plot? Does a sine plot actually look
-like that? We know that a sine plot is a smooth curve. Is it not? What
-really caused this?
-
-.. #[Nishanth]: See diff
-.. #[Madhu: Done]
-
-{{{ pause for a while }}}
-
-A small investigation on linspace tells us that we chose too few
-points in a large interval between 0 and 50 for the curve to be
-smooth. This should also indicate that the plot command actually plots
-the set of points given by x and sin(x) and it doesn't plot the
-analytical function itself i.e. it plots the points given by
-Analytical functions. So now let us use linspace again to get 500
-points between 0 and 100 and draw the sine plot
-
-.. #[Nishanth]: Here specify that when we do plot(x, sin(x)
- it is actually plotting two sets of points
- and not analytical functions. Hence the sharp
- curve.
-.. #[Madhu: Incorporated]
-
-{{{ Switch to ipython andtype }}} ::
-
- y = linspace(0, 50, 500)
- plot(y, sin(y))
-
-{{{ Change to the plot window }}}
-
-Now we see what we remember as a sine plot. A smooth curve. If we
-carefully notice we also have two plots now one overlaid upon
-another. In pylab, by default all the plots are overlaid.
-
-Since we have two plots now overlaid upon each other we would like to
-have a way to indicate what each plot represents to distinguish
-between them. This is accomplished using legends. Equivalently, the
-legend command does this for us
-
-{{{ Switch to ipython }}}::
-
- legend(['sin(x)', 'cos(x)'])
-
-.. #[Nishanth]: This legend may go up in the script. May be before
- introducing the figure command itself.
-.. #[Madhu: brought up]
-
-The legend command takes a single list of parameters where each
-parameter is the text indicating the plots in the order of their
-serial number.
-
-{{{ Switch to plot window }}}
-
-Now we can see the legends being displayed for the respective sine and
-cosine plots on the plot area.
-
-We have learnt quite a lot of things now, so let us take up an
-exercise problem.
-
-%% 1 %% Draw two plots overlaid upon each other, with the first plot
- being a parabola of the form y = 4(x ^ 2) and the second being a
- straight line of the form y = 2x + 3 in the interval -5 to 5. Use
- colors to differentiate between the plots and use legends to
- indicate what each plot is doing.
-
-{{{ pause for a while and continue from paused state }}}
-
-We can obtain the two plots in different colors using the following
-commands::
-
- x = linspace(-5, 5, 100)
- plot(x, 4 * (x * x), 'b')
- plot(x, (2 * x) + 3, 'g')
-
-Now we can use the legend command as::
-
- legend(['Parabola', 'Straight Line'])
-
-Or we can also just give the equations of the plot::
-
- legend(['y = 4(x ^ 2)', 'y = 2x + 3'])
-
-We now know how to draw multiple plots and use legends to indicate
-which plot represents what function, but we would like to have more
-control over the plots we draw. Like switch between them, perform some
-operations or labelling on them individually and so on. Let us see how
-to accomplish this. Before we move on, let us clear our screen.
-
-{{{ Switch to ipython }}}::
-
- clf()
-
-To accomplishing more control over individual plots we use the figure
-command::
-
- x = linspace(0, 50, 500)
- figure(1)
- plot(x, sin(x), 'b')
- figure(2)
- plot(x, cos(x), 'g')
-
-{{{ Switch to plot window }}}
-
-Now we have two plots, a sine plot and a cosine plot in two different
-figures.
-
-.. #[Nishanth]: figure(1) and figure(2) give two different plots.
- The remaining script moves on the fact that they
- give overlaid plots which is not the case.
- So clear the figure and plot cos and sin without
- introducing figure command. Then introduce legend
- and finish off the everything on legend.
- Then introduce figure command.
-
-.. #[Madhu: I have just moved up the text about legend command. I
- think that should take care of what you suggested. If there is
- some mistake with it, Punch please let me know in your next
- review.]
-
-{{{ Have both plot window and ipython side by side }}}
-
-The figure command takes an integer as an argument which is the serial
-number of the plot. This selects the corresponding plot. All the plot
-commands we run after this are applied to the selected plot. In this
-example figure 1 is the sine plot and figure 2 is the cosine plot. We
-can, for example, save each plot separately
-
-{{{ Switch to ipython }}}::
-
- savefig('/home/user/cosine.png')
- figure(1)
- title('sin(y)')
- savefig('/home/user/sine.png')
-
-{{{ Have both plot window and ipython side by side }}}
-
-We also titled the our first plot as 'sin(y)' which we did not do for
-the second plot.
-
-Let us attempt another exercise problem
-
-%% 2 %% Draw a line of the form y = x as one figure and another line
- of the form y = 2x + 3. Switch back to the first figure, annotate
- the x and y intercepts. Now switch to the second figure and
- annotate its x and y intercepts. Save each of them.
-
-{{{ Pause for a while and continue from the paused state }}}
-
-To solve this problem we should first create the first figure using
-the figure command. Before that, let us first run clf command to make
-sure all the previous plots are cleared::
-
- clf()
- figure(1)
- x = linspace(-5, 5, 100)
- plot(x, x)
-
-Now we can use figure command to create second plotting area and plot
-the figure::
-
- figure(2)
- plot(x, ((2 * x) + 3))
-
-Now to switch between the figures we can use figure command. So let us
-switch to figure 1. We are asked to annotate x and y intercepts of the
-figure 1 but since figure 1 passes through origin we will have to
-annotate the origin. We will annotate the intercepts for the second
-figure and save them as follows::
-
- figure(1)
- annotate('Origin', xy=(0.0, 0.0)
- figure(2)
- annotate('x-intercept', xy=(0, 3))
- annotate('y-intercept', xy=(0, -1.5))
- savefig('/home/fossee/plot2.png')
- figure(1)
- savefig('/home/fossee/plot1.png')
-
-At times we run into situations where we want to compare two plots and
-in such cases we want to draw both the plots in the same plotting
-area. The situation is such that the two plots have different regular
-axes which means we cannot draw overlaid plots. In such cases we can
-draw subplots.
-
-We use subplot command to accomplish this
-
-{{{ Switch to ipython }}}::
-
- subplot(2, 1, 1)
-
-subplot command takes three arguments, the first being the number of
-rows of subplots that must be created,
-
-{{{ Have both plot window and ipython side by side }}}
-
-in this case we have 2 so it spilts the plotting area horizontally for
-two subplots. The second argument specifies the number of coloumns of
-subplots that must be created. We passed 1 as the argument so the
-plotting area won't be split vertically and the last argument
-specifies what subplot must be created now in the order of the serial
-number. In this case we passed 1 as the argument, so the first subplot
-that is top half is created. If we execute the subplot command as
-
-{{{ Switch to ipython }}}::
-
- subplot(2, 1, 2)
-
-{{{ Switch to plot window }}}
-
-The lower subplot is created. Now we can draw plots in each of the
-subplot area using the plot command.
-
-{{{ Switch to ipython }}}::
-
- x = linspace(0, 50, 500)
- plot(x, cos(x))
- subplot(2, 1, 1)
- y = linspace(0, 5, 100)
- plot(y, y ** 2)
-
-{{{ Have both plot window and ipython side by side }}}
-
-This created two plots one in each of the subplot area. The top
-subplot holds a parabola and the bottom subplot holds a cosine
-curve.
-
-As seen here we can use subplot command to switch between the subplot
-as well, but we have to use the same arguments as we used to create
-that subplot, otherwise the previous subplot at that place will be
-automatically erased. It is clear from the two subplots that both have
-different regular axes. For the cosine plot x-axis varies from 0 to
-100 and y-axis varies from 0 to 1 where as for the parabolic plot the
-x-axis varies from 0 to 10 and y-axis varies from 0 to 100
-
-.. #[Nishanth]: stress on the similarity between subplot and figure
- commands
-
-.. #[Madhu: I think they are not really similar. Trying to bring in
- the similarity will confuse people I think.]
-
-%% 3 %% We know that the Pressure, Volume and Temperatures are held by
-the equation PV = nRT where nR is a constant. Let us assume nR = .01
-Joules/Kelvin and T = 200K. V can be in the range from 21cc to
-100cc. Draw two different plots as subplots, one being the Pressure
-versus Volume plot and the other being Pressure versus Temparature
-plot.
-
-{{{ Pause for a while and continue }}}
-
-To start with, we have been given the range of Volume using which we
-can define the variable V::
-
- V = linspace(21, 100, 500)
-
-Now we can create first subplot and draw Pressure versus Volume graph
-using this V. We know that nRT is a constant which is equal to 2.0
-since nR = 0.01 Joules/Kelvin and T = 200 Kelvin::
-
- subplot(2, 1, 1)
- plot(V, 2.0/V)
-
-Now we can create the second subplot and draw the Pressure versus
-Temparature plot as follows::
-
- subplot(2, 1, 2)
- plot(200, 2.0/V)
-
-Unfortunately we have an error now, telling x and y dimensions don't
-match. This is because our V contains a set of values as returned by
-linspace and hence 2.0/V which is the pressure also contains a set of
-values. But the first argument to the plot command is a single
-value. So to plot this data we need to create as many points as there
-are in Pressure or Volume data for Temperature too, all having the
-same value. This can be accomplished using::
-
- T = linspace(200, 200, 500)
-
-We now have 500 values in T each with the value 200 Kelvin. Plotting
-this data we get the required plot::
-
- plot(T, 2.0/V)
-
-It is left as a homework to label both X and Y axes for each of the
-two subplots.
-
-{{{ Show summary slide }}}
-
-.. #[Nishanth]: Exercises are missing in the script
- one exercise for overlaid plot and legend
- one for figure command
- one for subplot must do
-
-This brings us to the end of another session. In this tutorial session
-we learnt
-
- * How to draw multiple plots which are overlaid
- * the figure command
- * the legend command
- * how to switch between the plots and perform some operations on each
- of them like saving the plots and
- * creating and switching between subplots
-
-.. #[Nishanth]: legend command can be told right after overlaid plots
-.. #[Madhu: Incorporated]
-
-{{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}}
-
-This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India
-
-Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.
-Thankyou
-
-.. Author : Madhu
- Internal Reviewer 1 : [potential reviewer: Puneeth]
- Internal Reviewer 2 : Nishanth
- External Reviewer :
-
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/multiple-plots/questions.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+Objective Questions
+-------------------
+
+.. A mininum of 8 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. Multiple plots appear in different figures by default. True or False?
+
+ Answer: False
+
+#. What command is used to get individual plots separately?
+
+ Answer: Figure
+
+#. Which figure is closed after the following commands are run?
+
+::
+
+ x = linspace(0, 50, 500)
+ figure(1)
+ plot(x, sin(x), 'b')
+ figure(2)
+ plot(x, cos(x), 'g')
+ xlabel('x')
+ ylabel('cos(x)')
+ close()
+
+ Answer: Figure 2
+
+#. Describe the plot obtained by the following commands::
+
+ x = linspace(0, 50, 500)
+ subplot(2, 1, 1)
+ plot(x, sin(x), 'b')
+
+Answer: A figure window with space for 2 plots one below the other is
+ obtained. The sine plot with blue line appears in the first row.
+
+#. Describe the plot obtained by the following commands::
+
+ x = linspace(0, 50, 500)
+ subplot(2, 1, 1)
+ plot(x, sin(x), 'b')
+ subplot(2, 1, 2)
+ plot(x, cos(x), 'g')
+
+ Answer: 2 plots one below another. sine in blue on first row. cosine
+ in green in the second row.
+
+#. Describe the plot obtained by the following commands::
+
+ x = linspace(0, 50, 500)
+ subplot(2, 1, 1)
+ plot(x, sin(x), 'b')
+ subplot(2, 1, 2)
+ plot(x, cos(x), 'g')
+ subplot(2, 1, 1)
+ plot(x, tan(x), 'r')
+
+ Answer: 2 plots one below another. tan in red on first row. cosine
+ in green in the second row.
+
+
+#. Which of the following gives the correct legend for the commands below
+
+ a. legend([sin, cos, tan])
+ #. legend([tan, cos, sin])
+ #. legend[(tan, cos, sin)]
+ #. legend(['sin', 'cos', 'tan'])
+ #. legend(['tan', 'cos', 'sin'])
+
+::
+
+ x = linspace(0, 50, 500)
+ figure(1)
+ plot(x, sin(x), 'b')
+ figure(2)
+ plot(x, cos(x), 'g')
+ figure(3)
+ plot(x, tan(x), 'b')
+
+ Answer: legend(['tan', 'cos', 'sin'])
+
+Larger Questions
+----------------
+
+.. A minimum of 2 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. Question 1
+2. Question 2
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/multiple-plots/script.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+
+.. * How to draw multiple plots which are overlaid
+.. * the figure command
+.. * the legend command
+.. * how to switch between the plots and perform some operations on each
+.. of them like saving the plots and
+.. * creating and switching between subplots
+
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+.. 1. using the plot command interactively
+.. 2. embellishing a plot
+.. 3. saving plots
+
+.. Author : Madhu
+ Internal Reviewer 1 : [potential reviewer: Puneeth]
+ Internal Reviewer 2 : Nishanth
+ External Reviewer :
+
+Script
+------
+
+{{{ Show the slide containing the title }}}
+
+Hello friends. Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Multiple plots.
+
+{{{ Show the slide containing the outline }}}
+
+In this tutorial, we will learn how to draw more than one plot, how to
+add legends to each plot to indicate what each plot represents. We
+will also learn how to switch between the plots and create multiple
+plots with different regular axes which are also called as subplots.
+
+.. #[Nishanth]: See diff - edited a grammatical mistake
+.. #[Madhu: Done]
+
+{{{ Shift to terminal and start ipython -pylab }}}
+
+To begin with let us start ipython with pylab, by typing::
+
+ ipython -pylab
+
+on the terminal
+
+Let us first create set of points for our plot. For this we will use
+the command called linspace::
+
+ x = linspace(0, 50, 10)
+
+linspace command creates 10 points in the interval between 0 and 50
+both inclusive. We assign these values to a variable called x.
+
+.. #[Nishanth]: pre requisite for this LO is basic plotting which
+ covers linspace and plot. So you may not need to
+ specify all that again. But not a problem if it is
+ there also.
+.. #[Madhu: Since I thought the LOs are disconnected, I thought it is
+ better to give a very short intro to it]
+
+Now let us draw a plot simple sine plot using these points::
+
+ plot(x, sin(x))
+
+This should give us a nice sine plot.
+
+{{{ Switch to the plot window }}}
+
+Oh! wait! Is that a nice sine plot? Does a sine plot actually look
+like that? We know that a sine plot is a smooth curve. Is it not? What
+really caused this?
+
+.. #[Nishanth]: See diff
+.. #[Madhu: Done]
+
+{{{ pause for a while }}}
+
+A small investigation on linspace tells us that we chose too few
+points in a large interval between 0 and 50 for the curve to be
+smooth. This should also indicate that the plot command actually plots
+the set of points given by x and sin(x) and it doesn't plot the
+analytical function itself i.e. it plots the points given by
+Analytical functions. So now let us use linspace again to get 500
+points between 0 and 100 and draw the sine plot
+
+.. #[Nishanth]: Here specify that when we do plot(x, sin(x)
+ it is actually plotting two sets of points
+ and not analytical functions. Hence the sharp
+ curve.
+.. #[Madhu: Incorporated]
+
+{{{ Switch to ipython andtype }}} ::
+
+ y = linspace(0, 50, 500)
+ plot(y, sin(y))
+
+{{{ Change to the plot window }}}
+
+Now we see what we remember as a sine plot. A smooth curve. If we
+carefully notice we also have two plots now one overlaid upon
+another. In pylab, by default all the plots are overlaid.
+
+Since we have two plots now overlaid upon each other we would like to
+have a way to indicate what each plot represents to distinguish
+between them. This is accomplished using legends. Equivalently, the
+legend command does this for us
+
+{{{ Switch to ipython }}}::
+
+ legend(['sin(x)', 'cos(x)'])
+
+.. #[Nishanth]: This legend may go up in the script. May be before
+ introducing the figure command itself.
+.. #[Madhu: brought up]
+
+The legend command takes a single list of parameters where each
+parameter is the text indicating the plots in the order of their
+serial number.
+
+{{{ Switch to plot window }}}
+
+Now we can see the legends being displayed for the respective sine and
+cosine plots on the plot area.
+
+We have learnt quite a lot of things now, so let us take up an
+exercise problem.
+
+%% 1 %% Draw two plots overlaid upon each other, with the first plot
+ being a parabola of the form y = 4(x ^ 2) and the second being a
+ straight line of the form y = 2x + 3 in the interval -5 to 5. Use
+ colors to differentiate between the plots and use legends to
+ indicate what each plot is doing.
+
+{{{ pause for a while and continue from paused state }}}
+
+We can obtain the two plots in different colors using the following
+commands::
+
+ x = linspace(-5, 5, 100)
+ plot(x, 4 * (x * x), 'b')
+ plot(x, (2 * x) + 3, 'g')
+
+Now we can use the legend command as::
+
+ legend(['Parabola', 'Straight Line'])
+
+Or we can also just give the equations of the plot::
+
+ legend(['y = 4(x ^ 2)', 'y = 2x + 3'])
+
+We now know how to draw multiple plots and use legends to indicate
+which plot represents what function, but we would like to have more
+control over the plots we draw. Like switch between them, perform some
+operations or labelling on them individually and so on. Let us see how
+to accomplish this. Before we move on, let us clear our screen.
+
+{{{ Switch to ipython }}}::
+
+ clf()
+
+To accomplishing more control over individual plots we use the figure
+command::
+
+ x = linspace(0, 50, 500)
+ figure(1)
+ plot(x, sin(x), 'b')
+ figure(2)
+ plot(x, cos(x), 'g')
+
+{{{ Switch to plot window }}}
+
+Now we have two plots, a sine plot and a cosine plot in two different
+figures.
+
+.. #[Nishanth]: figure(1) and figure(2) give two different plots.
+ The remaining script moves on the fact that they
+ give overlaid plots which is not the case.
+ So clear the figure and plot cos and sin without
+ introducing figure command. Then introduce legend
+ and finish off the everything on legend.
+ Then introduce figure command.
+
+.. #[Madhu: I have just moved up the text about legend command. I
+ think that should take care of what you suggested. If there is
+ some mistake with it, Punch please let me know in your next
+ review.]
+
+{{{ Have both plot window and ipython side by side }}}
+
+The figure command takes an integer as an argument which is the serial
+number of the plot. This selects the corresponding plot. All the plot
+commands we run after this are applied to the selected plot. In this
+example figure 1 is the sine plot and figure 2 is the cosine plot. We
+can, for example, save each plot separately
+
+{{{ Switch to ipython }}}::
+
+ savefig('/home/user/cosine.png')
+ figure(1)
+ title('sin(y)')
+ savefig('/home/user/sine.png')
+
+{{{ Have both plot window and ipython side by side }}}
+
+We also titled the our first plot as 'sin(y)' which we did not do for
+the second plot.
+
+Let us attempt another exercise problem
+
+%% 2 %% Draw a line of the form y = x as one figure and another line
+ of the form y = 2x + 3. Switch back to the first figure, annotate
+ the x and y intercepts. Now switch to the second figure and
+ annotate its x and y intercepts. Save each of them.
+
+{{{ Pause for a while and continue from the paused state }}}
+
+To solve this problem we should first create the first figure using
+the figure command. Before that, let us first run clf command to make
+sure all the previous plots are cleared::
+
+ clf()
+ figure(1)
+ x = linspace(-5, 5, 100)
+ plot(x, x)
+
+Now we can use figure command to create second plotting area and plot
+the figure::
+
+ figure(2)
+ plot(x, ((2 * x) + 3))
+
+Now to switch between the figures we can use figure command. So let us
+switch to figure 1. We are asked to annotate x and y intercepts of the
+figure 1 but since figure 1 passes through origin we will have to
+annotate the origin. We will annotate the intercepts for the second
+figure and save them as follows::
+
+ figure(1)
+ annotate('Origin', xy=(0.0, 0.0)
+ figure(2)
+ annotate('x-intercept', xy=(0, 3))
+ annotate('y-intercept', xy=(0, -1.5))
+ savefig('/home/fossee/plot2.png')
+ figure(1)
+ savefig('/home/fossee/plot1.png')
+
+At times we run into situations where we want to compare two plots and
+in such cases we want to draw both the plots in the same plotting
+area. The situation is such that the two plots have different regular
+axes which means we cannot draw overlaid plots. In such cases we can
+draw subplots.
+
+We use subplot command to accomplish this
+
+{{{ Switch to ipython }}}::
+
+ subplot(2, 1, 1)
+
+subplot command takes three arguments, the first being the number of
+rows of subplots that must be created,
+
+{{{ Have both plot window and ipython side by side }}}
+
+in this case we have 2 so it spilts the plotting area horizontally for
+two subplots. The second argument specifies the number of coloumns of
+subplots that must be created. We passed 1 as the argument so the
+plotting area won't be split vertically and the last argument
+specifies what subplot must be created now in the order of the serial
+number. In this case we passed 1 as the argument, so the first subplot
+that is top half is created. If we execute the subplot command as
+
+{{{ Switch to ipython }}}::
+
+ subplot(2, 1, 2)
+
+{{{ Switch to plot window }}}
+
+The lower subplot is created. Now we can draw plots in each of the
+subplot area using the plot command.
+
+{{{ Switch to ipython }}}::
+
+ x = linspace(0, 50, 500)
+ plot(x, cos(x))
+ subplot(2, 1, 1)
+ y = linspace(0, 5, 100)
+ plot(y, y ** 2)
+
+{{{ Have both plot window and ipython side by side }}}
+
+This created two plots one in each of the subplot area. The top
+subplot holds a parabola and the bottom subplot holds a cosine
+curve.
+
+As seen here we can use subplot command to switch between the subplot
+as well, but we have to use the same arguments as we used to create
+that subplot, otherwise the previous subplot at that place will be
+automatically erased. It is clear from the two subplots that both have
+different regular axes. For the cosine plot x-axis varies from 0 to
+100 and y-axis varies from 0 to 1 where as for the parabolic plot the
+x-axis varies from 0 to 10 and y-axis varies from 0 to 100
+
+.. #[Nishanth]: stress on the similarity between subplot and figure
+ commands
+
+.. #[Madhu: I think they are not really similar. Trying to bring in
+ the similarity will confuse people I think.]
+
+%% 3 %% We know that the Pressure, Volume and Temperatures are held by
+the equation PV = nRT where nR is a constant. Let us assume nR = .01
+Joules/Kelvin and T = 200K. V can be in the range from 21cc to
+100cc. Draw two different plots as subplots, one being the Pressure
+versus Volume plot and the other being Pressure versus Temparature
+plot.
+
+{{{ Pause for a while and continue }}}
+
+To start with, we have been given the range of Volume using which we
+can define the variable V::
+
+ V = linspace(21, 100, 500)
+
+Now we can create first subplot and draw Pressure versus Volume graph
+using this V. We know that nRT is a constant which is equal to 2.0
+since nR = 0.01 Joules/Kelvin and T = 200 Kelvin::
+
+ subplot(2, 1, 1)
+ plot(V, 2.0/V)
+
+Now we can create the second subplot and draw the Pressure versus
+Temparature plot as follows::
+
+ subplot(2, 1, 2)
+ plot(200, 2.0/V)
+
+Unfortunately we have an error now, telling x and y dimensions don't
+match. This is because our V contains a set of values as returned by
+linspace and hence 2.0/V which is the pressure also contains a set of
+values. But the first argument to the plot command is a single
+value. So to plot this data we need to create as many points as there
+are in Pressure or Volume data for Temperature too, all having the
+same value. This can be accomplished using::
+
+ T = linspace(200, 200, 500)
+
+We now have 500 values in T each with the value 200 Kelvin. Plotting
+this data we get the required plot::
+
+ plot(T, 2.0/V)
+
+It is left as a homework to label both X and Y axes for each of the
+two subplots.
+
+{{{ Show summary slide }}}
+
+.. #[Nishanth]: Exercises are missing in the script
+ one exercise for overlaid plot and legend
+ one for figure command
+ one for subplot must do
+
+This brings us to the end of another session. In this tutorial session
+we learnt
+
+ * How to draw multiple plots which are overlaid
+ * the figure command
+ * the legend command
+ * how to switch between the plots and perform some operations on each
+ of them like saving the plots and
+ * creating and switching between subplots
+
+.. #[Nishanth]: legend command can be told right after overlaid plots
+.. #[Madhu: Incorporated]
+
+{{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}}
+
+This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India
+
+Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.
+Thank you!
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/multiple-plots/slides.org Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+#+BEAMER_FRAME_LEVEL: 1
+
+#+BEAMER_HEADER_EXTRA: \usetheme{Warsaw}\usecolortheme{default}\useoutertheme{infolines}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
+#+COLUMNS: %45ITEM %10BEAMER_env(Env) %10BEAMER_envargs(Env Args) %4BEAMER_col(Col) %8BEAMER_extra(Extra)
+#+PROPERTY: BEAMER_col_ALL 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 :ETC
+
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} \usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{listings}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER:\lstset{language=Python, basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: showstringspaces=false, keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+#+TITLE: Accessing parts of arrays
+#+AUTHOR: FOSSEE
+#+EMAIL:
+#+DATE:
+
+#+DESCRIPTION:
+#+KEYWORDS:
+#+LANGUAGE: en
+#+OPTIONS: H:3 num:nil toc:nil \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t -:t f:t *:t <:t
+#+OPTIONS: TeX:t LaTeX:nil skip:nil d:nil todo:nil pri:nil tags:not-in-toc
+
+* Outline
+ - Manipulating one and multi dimensional arrays
+ - Access and change individual elements
+ - Access and change rows and columns
+ - Slicing and striding on arrays to access chunks
+ - Read images into arrays and manipulations
+* Sample Arrays
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: A = array([12, 23, 34, 45, 56])
+
+ In []: C = array([[11, 12, 13, 14, 15],
+ [21, 22, 23, 24, 25],
+ [31, 32, 33, 34, 35],
+ [41, 42, 43, 44, 45],
+ [51, 52, 53, 54, 55]])
+
+ #+end_src
+* Question 1
+ Change the last column of ~C~ to zeroes.
+* Solution 1
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[:, -1] = 0
+ #+end_src
+* Question 2
+ Change ~A~ to ~[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]~.
+* Solution 2
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: A[:] = [11, 12, 13, 14, 15]
+ #+end_src
+* squares.png
+ #+begin_latex
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[scale=0.6]{squares}
+ \end{center}
+ #+end_latex
+* Question 3
+ - obtain ~[22, 23]~ from ~C~.
+ - obtain ~[11, 21, 31, 41]~ from ~C~.
+ - obtain ~[21, 31, 41, 0]~.
+* Solution 3
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[1, 1:3]
+ In []: C[0:4, 0]
+ In []: C[1:5, 0]
+ #+end_src
+* Question 4
+ Obtain ~[[23, 24], [33, -34]]~ from ~C~
+* Solution 4
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[1:3, 2:4]
+ #+end_src
+* Question 5
+ Obtain the square in the center of the image
+* Solution 5
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: imshow(I[75:225, 75:225])
+ #+end_src
+* Question 6
+ Obtain the following
+ #+begin_src python
+ [[12, 0], [42, 0]]
+ [[12, 13, 14], [0, 0, 0]]
+ #+end_src
+
+* Solution 6
+ #+begin_src python
+ In []: C[::3, 1::3]
+ In []: C[::4, 1:4]
+ #+end_src
+* Summary
+ You should now be able to --
+ - Manipulate 1D \& Multi dimensional arrays
+ - Access and change individual elements
+ - Access and change rows and columns
+ - Slice and stride on arrays
+ - Read images into arrays and manipulate them.
+* Thank you!
+#+begin_latex
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+#+end_latex
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/multiple-plots/slides.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%Tutorial slides on Python.
+%
+% Author: FOSSEE
+% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\documentclass[14pt,compress]{beamer}
+%\documentclass[draft]{beamer}
+%\documentclass[compress,handout]{beamer}
+%\usepackage{pgfpages}
+%\pgfpagesuselayout{2 on 1}[a4paper,border shrink=5mm]
+
+% Modified from: generic-ornate-15min-45min.de.tex
+\mode<presentation>
+{
+ \usetheme{Warsaw}
+ \useoutertheme{infolines}
+ \setbeamercovered{transparent}
+}
+
+\usepackage[english]{babel}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+%\usepackage{times}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+
+\usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler}
+\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
+
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=Python,
+ basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+ commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape,
+ stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+ showstringspaces=false,
+ keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Macros
+\setbeamercolor{emphbar}{bg=blue!20, fg=black}
+\newcommand{\emphbar}[1]
+{\begin{beamercolorbox}[rounded=true]{emphbar}
+ {#1}
+ \end{beamercolorbox}
+}
+\newcounter{time}
+\setcounter{time}{0}
+\newcommand{\inctime}[1]{\addtocounter{time}{#1}{\tiny \thetime\ m}}
+
+\newcommand{\typ}[1]{\lstinline{#1}}
+
+\newcommand{\kwrd}[1]{ \texttt{\textbf{\color{blue}{#1}}} }
+
+% Title page
+\title{Your Title Here}
+
+\author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
+
+\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
+\date{}
+
+% DOCUMENT STARTS
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \maketitle
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Outline}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% All other slides here. %%
+%% The same slides will be used in a classroom setting. %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Summary}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \frametitle{Thank you!}
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
--- a/other-type-of-plots/script.rst Tue Oct 12 11:44:33 2010 +0530
+++ b/other-type-of-plots/script.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -1,10 +1,27 @@
-.. 2.4 LO: other types of plots (3) [anoop]
-.. -----------------------------------------
-.. * scatter
-.. * pie chart
-.. * bar chart
-.. * log
-.. * illustration of other plots, matplotlib help
+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+
+.. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to
+
+.. 1. Create scatter plot
+.. #. Create pie charts
+.. #. Create bar charts
+.. #. Create log-log plots.
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+.. 1. should have ``ipython`` and ``pylab`` installed.
+.. #. getting started with ``ipython``.
+.. #. loading data from files
+.. #. plotting the data
+
+
+.. Author : Anoop Jacob Thomas <anoop@fossee.in>
+ Internal Reviewer :
+ External Reviewer :
+ Checklist OK? : <put date stamp here, if OK> [2010-10-05]
+
===================
Other type of plots
@@ -17,12 +34,12 @@
{{{ show the outline slide }}}
In this tutorial we will cover scatter plot, pie chart, bar chart and
-log plot. We will also see few other plots and also introduce you to
+loglog plot. We will also see few other plots and also introduce you to
the matplotlib help.
Let us start with scatter plot.
-{{{ switch to the next slide }}}
+{{{ switch to the next slide, scatter plot }}}
In a scatter plot, the data is displayed as a collection of points,
each having the value of one variable determining the position on the
@@ -55,12 +72,14 @@
{{{ close the file and switch to the terminal }}}
To produce the scatter plot first we need to load the data from the
-file using ``loadtxt``. We learned in one of the previous sessions,
+file using ``loadtxt``. We learned it in one of the previous sessions,
and it can be done as ::
year,profit =
loadtxt('/home/fossee/other-plot/company-a-data.txt',dtype=type(int()))
+{{{ switch to next slide, ``scatter`` function }}}
+
Now in-order to generate the scatter graph we will use the function
``scatter()``
::
@@ -75,9 +94,11 @@
problem to be tried out }}}
Now here is a question for you to try out, plot the same data with red
-diamonds.
+diamonds markers.
-**Clue** - *try scatter? in your ipython interpreter*
+.. **Clue** - *try scatter? in your ipython interpreter*
+
+Pause here and solve the question before moving on.
.. scatter(year,profit,color='r',marker='d')
@@ -95,6 +116,8 @@
the same data from file ``company-a-data.txt``. So let us reuse the
data we have loaded from the file previously.
+{{{ switch to next slide, ``pie()`` function }}}
+
We can plot the pie chart using the function ``pie()``.
::
@@ -111,7 +134,9 @@
same data with colors for each wedges as white, red, black, magenta,
yellow, blue, green, cyan, yellow, magenta and blue respectively.
-**Clue** - *try pie? in your ipython interpreter*
+.. **Clue** - *try pie? in your ipython interpreter*
+
+Pause here and solve the question before moving on.
.. pie(t,labels=s,colors=('w','r','k','m','y','b','g','c','y','m','b'))
@@ -121,7 +146,7 @@
with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that
they represent.
-{{{ switch to the slide showing the problem statement of third
+{{{ switch to the slide showing the problem statement of fifth
exercise question }}}
Plot a bar chart representing the profit percentage of company A, with
@@ -129,6 +154,8 @@
So let us reuse the data we have loaded from the file previously.
+{{{ switch to the next slide, ``bar()`` function }}}
+
We can plot the bar chart using the function ``bar()``.
::
@@ -143,13 +170,14 @@
Now here is a question for you to try, plot a bar chart which is not
filled and which is hatched with 45\ :sup:`o` slanting lines as shown
-in the image in the slide.
+in the image in the slide. The data for the chart may be obtained from
+the file ``company-a-data.txt``.
-**Clue** - *try bar? in your ipython interpreter*
+.. **Clue** - *try bar? in your ipython interpreter*
.. bar(year,profit,fill=False,hatch='/')
-{{{ switch to the slide which says about bar chart }}}
+{{{ switch to the slide which says about log-log graph }}}
Now let us move on to log-log plot. A log-log graph or log-log plot is
a two-dimensional graph of numerical data that uses logarithmic scales
@@ -170,6 +198,8 @@
x = linspace(1,20,100)
y = 5*x**3
+{{{ switch to next slide, ``loglog()`` function }}}
+
Now we can plot the log-log chart using ``loglog()`` function,
::
@@ -200,7 +230,7 @@
matplotlib.sourceforge.net/users/screenshots.html and also at
matplotlib.sourceforge.net/gallery.html
-{{{ switch to recap slide }}}
+{{{ switch to summary slide }}}
Now we have come to the end of this tutorial. We have covered scatter
plot, pie chart, bar chart, log-log plot and also saw few other plots
@@ -209,8 +239,3 @@
{{{ switch to the thank you slide }}}
Thank you!
-
-.. Author: Anoop Jacob Thomas <anoop@fossee.in>
- Reviewer 1:
- Reviewer 2:
- External reviewer:
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/other-type-of-plots/slides.org Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+#+BEAMER_FRAME_LEVEL: 1
+
+#+BEAMER_HEADER_EXTRA: \usetheme{Warsaw}\usecolortheme{default}\useoutertheme{infolines}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
+#+COLUMNS: %45ITEM %10BEAMER_env(Env) %10BEAMER_envargs(Env Args) %4BEAMER_col(Col) %8BEAMER_extra(Extra)
+#+PROPERTY: BEAMER_col_ALL 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 :ETC
+
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} \usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{listings}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER:\lstset{language=Python, basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: showstringspaces=false, keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+#+TITLE: Other type of plots
+#+AUTHOR: FOSSEE
+#+EMAIL:
+#+DATE:
+
+#+DESCRIPTION:
+#+KEYWORDS:
+#+LANGUAGE: en
+#+OPTIONS: H:3 num:nil toc:nil \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t -:t f:t *:t <:t
+#+OPTIONS: TeX:t LaTeX:nil skip:nil d:nil todo:nil pri:nil tags:not-in-toc
+
+* Outline
+ - Scatter plot
+ - Pie chart
+ - Bar chart
+ - Log-log Plot
+ - ~matplotlib~ help
+* Exercise 1: Scatter plot
+ Plot a scatter plot showing the percentage profit of Company A from the year 2000
+ to 2010. The data for the same is available in the file ~company-a-data.txt~.
+* ~scatter()~ function
+ - /Syntax :/ scatter(x,y)
+ - x, a sequence of data
+ - y, a sequence of data, the same length of x
+ : In []: scatter(year, profit)
+* Exercise 2: Scatter plot
+ Plot a scatter plot of the same data in ~company-a-data.txt~ with red diamond markers.
+ :
+ *Clue* - /try scatter? in your ipython interpreter/
+* Pie chart
+ Pie chart - a circle graph divided into sectors, illustrating proportion.
+* Exercise 3: Pie chart
+ Plot a pie chart representing the profit percentage of company A, with the data
+ from the file ~company-a-data.txt~.
+ :
+ /(we can reuse the data in lists year and profit)/
+* ~pie()~ function
+ - /Syntax :/ pie(values, labels=labels)
+ - values, the data to be plotted
+ - labels, the label for each wedge in the pie chart
+ : In []: pie(profit, labels=year)
+* Exercise 4: Pie chart
+ Plot a pie chart with the same data with colors for each wedges as white, red,
+ magenta, yellow, blue, green, cyan, yellow, magenta, and blue.
+ :
+ *Clue* - /try pie? in your ipython interpreter/
+* Bar chart
+ Bar chart - a chart with rectangular bars with lengths proportional
+ to the values that they represent.
+* Exercise 5: Bar chart
+ Plot a bar chart representing the profit percentage of company A, with the data
+ from the file ~company-a-data.txt~.
+ :
+ /(we can reuse the data in lists year and profit)/
+* ~bar()~ function
+ - /Syntax :/ bar(x, y)
+ - x, a sequence of data
+ - y, a sequence of data, the same length of x
+ : In []: bar(year, profit)
+* Exercise 6: Bar chart
+ Plot a bar chart which is not filled and which is hatched with
+ #+begin_latex
+ $45^o$
+ #+end_latex
+ slanting lines as shown in the image. The data for the chart may be
+ obtained from the file ~company-a-data.txt~.
+ #+begin_latex
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[scale=0.3]{bar-chart-hatch}
+ \end{center}
+ #+end_latex
+ *Clue* - /try bar? in your ipython interpreter/
+* Log-log graph
+ - Log-log graph
+ - 2-dimensional graph.
+ - uses logarithmic scales on both axes.
+ - graph appears as straight line due to non-linear scaling.
+* Exercise 7:
+ Plot a log-log chart of
+ #+begin_latex
+ $y = 5x^3$
+ #+end_latex
+ for x from 1-20.
+* ~loglog()~ function
+ - /Syntax :/ loglog(x, y)
+ - x, a sequence of data
+ - y, a sequence of data, the same length of x
+ : In []: loglog(x, y)
+* Getting help on ~matplotlib~
+ - Help
+ - [[matplotlib.sourceforge.net/contents.html]]
+ - More plots
+ - [[matplotlib.sourceforge.net/users/screenshots.html]]
+ - [[matplotlib.sourceforge.net/gallery.html]]
+
+* Summary
+ - Scatter plot (~scatter()~)
+ - Pie chart (~pie()~)
+ - Bar chart (~bar()~)
+ - Log-log plot (~loglog()~)
+ - ~matplotlib~ online help
+* Thank you!
+#+begin_latex
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+#+end_latex
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/other-type-of-plots/slides.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+% Created 2010-10-12 Tue 16:22
+\documentclass[presentation]{beamer}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage{fixltx2e}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{longtable}
+\usepackage{float}
+\usepackage{wrapfig}
+\usepackage{soul}
+\usepackage{t1enc}
+\usepackage{textcomp}
+\usepackage{marvosym}
+\usepackage{wasysym}
+\usepackage{latexsym}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+\tolerance=1000
+\usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} \usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=Python, basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+showstringspaces=false, keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+\providecommand{\alert}[1]{\textbf{#1}}
+
+\title{Other type of plots}
+\author{FOSSEE}
+\date{}
+
+\usetheme{Warsaw}\usecolortheme{default}\useoutertheme{infolines}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Outline}
+\label{sec-1}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Scatter plot
+\item Pie chart
+\item Bar chart
+\item Log-log Plot
+\item \texttt{matplotlib} help
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Exercise 1: Scatter plot}
+\label{sec-2}
+
+ Plot a scatter plot showing the percentage profit of Company A from the year 2000
+ to 2010. The data for the same is available in the file \texttt{company-a-data.txt}.
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\texttt{scatter()} function}
+\label{sec-3}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \emph{Syntax :} scatter(x,y)
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item x, a sequence of data
+\item y, a sequence of data, the same length of x
+\end{itemize}
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: scatter(year, profit)
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Exercise 2: Scatter plot}
+\label{sec-4}
+
+ Plot a scatter plot of the same data in \texttt{company-a-data.txt} with red diamond markers.
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ \textbf{Clue} - \emph{try scatter? in your ipython interpreter}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Pie chart}
+\label{sec-5}
+
+ Pie chart - a circle graph divided into sectors, illustrating proportion.
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Exercise 3: Pie chart}
+\label{sec-6}
+
+ Plot a pie chart representing the profit percentage of company A, with the data
+ from the file \texttt{company-a-data.txt}.
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ \emph{(we can reuse the data in lists year and profit)}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\texttt{pie()} function}
+\label{sec-7}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \emph{Syntax :} pie(values, labels=labels)
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item values, the data to be plotted
+\item labels, the label for each wedge in the pie chart
+\end{itemize}
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: pie(profit, labels=year)
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Exercise 4: Pie chart}
+\label{sec-8}
+
+ Plot a pie chart with the same data with colors for each wedges as white, red,
+ magenta, yellow, blue, green, cyan, yellow, magenta, and blue.
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ \textbf{Clue} - \emph{try pie? in your ipython interpreter}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Bar chart}
+\label{sec-9}
+
+ Bar chart - a chart with rectangular bars with lengths proportional
+ to the values that they represent.
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Exercise 5: Bar chart}
+\label{sec-10}
+
+ Plot a bar chart representing the profit percentage of company A, with the data
+ from the file \texttt{company-a-data.txt}.
+\begin{verbatim}
+
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ \emph{(we can reuse the data in lists year and profit)}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\texttt{bar()} function}
+\label{sec-11}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \emph{Syntax :} bar(x, y)
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item x, a sequence of data
+\item y, a sequence of data, the same length of x
+\end{itemize}
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: bar(year, profit)
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Exercise 6: Bar chart}
+\label{sec-12}
+
+ Plot a bar chart which is not filled and which is hatched with
+ $45^o$
+ slanting lines as shown in the image. The data for the chart may be
+ obtained from the file \texttt{company-a-data.txt}.
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[scale=0.3]{bar-chart-hatch}
+ \end{center}
+ \textbf{Clue} - \emph{try bar? in your ipython interpreter}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Log-log graph}
+\label{sec-13}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Log-log graph
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item 2-dimensional graph.
+\item uses logarithmic scales on both axes.
+\item graph appears as straight line due to non-linear scaling.
+\end{itemize}
+
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Exercise 7:}
+\label{sec-14}
+
+ Plot a log-log chart of
+ $y = 5x^3$
+ for x from 1-20.
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{\texttt{loglog()} function}
+\label{sec-15}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \emph{Syntax :} loglog(x, y)
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item x, a sequence of data
+\item y, a sequence of data, the same length of x
+\end{itemize}
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ In []: loglog(x, y)
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Getting help on \texttt{matplotlib}}
+\label{sec-16}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Help
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \hyperref[sec-16]{matplotlib.sourceforge.net/contents.html}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\item More plots
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \hyperref[sec-16]{matplotlib.sourceforge.net/users/screenshots.html}
+\item \hyperref[sec-16]{matplotlib.sourceforge.net/gallery.html}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Summary}
+\label{sec-17}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Scatter plot (\texttt{scatter()})
+\item Pie chart (\texttt{pie()})
+\item Bar chart (\texttt{bar()})
+\item Log-log plot (\texttt{loglog()})
+\item \texttt{matplotlib} online help
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Thank you!}
+\label{sec-18}
+
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/plotting-data/plotting-data.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+Plotting Experimental Data
+=============================
+Hello and welcome , this tutorial on Plotting Experimental data is
+presented by the fossee team.
+
+{{{ Show the slide containing title }}}
+
+
+{{{ Show the Outline Slide }}}
+
+Here we will discuss plotting Experimental data.
+
+1. We will see how we can represent a sequence of numbers in Python.
+
+2. We will also become fimiliar with elementwise squaring of such a
+sequence.
+
+3. We will also see how we can use our graph to indicate Error.
+
+One needs to be fimiliar with the concepts of plotting
+mathematical functions in Python.
+
+We will use data from a Simple Pendulum Experiment to illustrate our
+points.
+
+{{{ Simple Pendulum data Slide }}}
+
+
+
+
+As we know for a simple pendulum length,L is directly proportional to
+the square of time,T. We shall be plotting L and T^2 values.
+
+
+First we will have to initiate L and T values. We initiate them as sequence
+of values. To tell ipython a sequence of values we write the sequence in
+comma seperated values inside two square brackets. This is also called List
+so to create two sequences
+
+L,t type in ipython shell. ::
+
+ In []: L = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5,0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9]
+
+ In []: t= [0.69, 0.90, 1.19,1.30, 1.47, 1.58, 1.77, 1.83, 1.94]
+
+
+
+To obtain the square of sequence t we will use the function square
+with argument t.This is saved into the variable tsquare.::
+
+ In []: tsquare=square(t)
+
+ array([ 0.4761, 0.81 , 1.4161, 1.69 , 2.1609, 2.4964, 3.1329,
+ 3.3489, 3.7636])
+
+
+Now to plot L vs T^2 we will simply type ::
+
+ In []: plot(L,t,.)
+
+'.' here represents to plot use small dots for the point. ::
+
+ In []: clf()
+
+You can also specify 'o' for big dots.::
+
+ In []: plot(L,t,o)
+
+ In []: clf()
+
+
+{{{ Slide with Error data included }}}
+
+
+Now we shall try and take into account error into our plots . The
+Error values for L and T are on your screen.We shall again intialize
+the sequence values in the same manner as we did for L and t ::
+
+ In []: delta_L= [0.08,0.09,0.07,0.05,0.06,0.00,0.06,0.06,0.01]
+
+ In []: delta_T= [0.04,0.08,0.11,0.05,0.03,0.03,0.01,0.07,0.01]
+
+
+
+Now to plot L vs T^2 with an error bar we use the function errorbar()
+
+The syntax of the command is as given on the screen. ::
+
+
+ In []: errorbar(L,tsquare,xerr=delta_L, yerr=delta_T, fmt='b.')
+
+This gives a plot with error bar for x and y axis. The dots are of blue color. The parameters xerr and yerr are error on x and y axis and fmt is the format of the plot.
+
+
+similarly we can draw the same error bar with big red dots just change
+the parameters to fmt to 'ro'. ::
+
+ In []: clf()
+ In []: errorbar(L,tsquare,xerr=delta_L, yerr=delta_T, fmt='ro')
+
+
+
+thats it. you can explore other options to errorbar using the documentation
+of errorbar.::
+
+ In []: errorbar?
+
+
+{{{ Summary Slides }}}
+
+In this tutorial we have learnt :
+
+1. How to declare a sequence of number , specifically the kind of sequence we learned was a list.
+
+2. Plotting experimental data extending our knowledge from mathematical functions.
+
+3. The various options available for plotting dots instead of lines.
+
+4. Plotting experimental data such that we can also represent error. We did this using the errorbar() function.
+
+
+ {{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}}
+
+
+
+This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project.
+
+Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.
+
+ Thankyou
+
+
+
+Author : Amit Sethi
+Internal Reviewer :
+Internal Reviewer 2 :
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/plotting-data/questions.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+Objective Questions
+-------------------
+
+.. A mininum of 8 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. How do you declare a sequence of numbers in python?
+ Give example .
+
+ Comma seperated numbers inside two square brackets.
+
+ seq=[1.5,3.2,8.7]
+
+
+2. Square the following sequence?
+
+ distance_values=[2.1,4.6,8.72,9.03].
+
+ square(distance_values)
+
+
+
+3. How do you plot points ?
+
+ By passing an extra parameter '.'.
+
+4. What does the parameter 'o' do ?
+
+ It plots large points.
+
+5. How do you plot error in Python?
+
+ Using the function error bar.
+
+6. How do I get large red colour dots on a plot?
+
+ By passing the paramter 'ro'.
+
+7. What are the parameters 'xerr' and 'yerr' in errorbar function for?
+
+ xerr - List of error values of variable on x axis.
+ yerr - List of error values of variable on y ayis.
+
+8. How would you plot error bar with a line?
+
+ The fmt parameter for a line will be '-'.
+
+
+
+
+Larger Questions
+----------------
+
+.. A minimum of 2 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. Question 1
+2. Question 2
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/plotting-data/slides.org Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+#+BEAMER_FRAME_LEVEL: 1
+
+#+BEAMER_HEADER_EXTRA: \usetheme{Warsaw}\useoutertheme{infolines}\usecolortheme{default}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
+#+COLUMNS: %45ITEM %10BEAMER_env(Env) %10BEAMER_envargs(Env Args) %4BEAMER_col(Col) %8BEAMER_extra(Extra)
+#+PROPERTY: BEAMER_col_ALL 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 :ETC
+#+OPTIONS: H:5 num:t toc:nil \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t -:t f:t *:t <:t
+
+#+TITLE: Plotting Experimental Data
+#+AUTHOR: FOSSEE
+#+DATE: 2010-09-14 Tue
+#+EMAIL: info@fossee.in
+
+# \author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
+
+# \institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
+# \date{}
+
+* Tutorial Plan
+** Plotting Experiment Data and Error Bars
+* Pre-requisites
+** Plotting simple analytical Functions
+* plot L vs. T^2
+
+#+ORGTBL: L vs T^2 orgtbl-to-latex
+
+ | L | T |
+ | 0.1 | 0.69 |
+ | 0.2 | 0.90 |
+ | 0.3 | 1.19 |
+ | 0.4 | 1.30 |
+ | 0.5 | 1.47 |
+ | 0.6 | 1.58 |
+ | 0.7 | 1.77 |
+ | 0.8 | 1.83 |
+ | 0.9 | 1.94 |
+
+
+
+
+* Initializing L & T
+ : In []: L = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5,
+ : 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9]
+ : In []: t = [0.69, 0.90, 1.19,
+ : 1.30, 1.47, 1.58,
+ : 1.77, 1.83, 1.94]
+* square()
+ : In []: tsquare=square(t)
+
+ : array([ 0.4761, 0.81 , 1.4161, 1.69 , 2.1609, 2.4964, 3.1329,
+ : 3.3489, 3.7636])
+
+
+* Plotting
+ : In[]: plot(L,t,.)
+
+
+ : In[]: plot(L,t,o)
+
+* Adding an Error Column
+
+
+ | L | T | /Delta L | /Delta T |
+ | 0.1 | 0.69 | 0.08 | 0.04 |
+ | 0.2 | 0.90 | 0.09 | 0.08 |
+ | 0.3 | 1.19 | 0.07 | 0.11 |
+ | 0.4 | 1.30 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
+ | 0.5 | 1.47 | 0.06 | 0.03 |
+ | 0.6 | 1.58 | 0.00 | 0.03 |
+ | 0.7 | 1.77 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
+ | 0.8 | 1.83 | 0.06 | 0.07 |
+ | 0.9 | 1.94 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
+
+
+* Plotting Error bar
+
+ : In[]: delta_L= [0.08,0.09,0.07,0.05,0.16,
+ : 0.00,0.06,0.06,0.01]
+ : In[]: delta_T= [0.04,0.08,0.11,0.05,0.03,
+ : 0.03,0.01,0.07,0.01]
+
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/plotui/questions.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+Objective Questions
+-------------------
+
+.. A mininum of 8 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. Create 100 equally spaced points between -pi/2 and pi/2?
+
+ Answer: linspace(-pi/2,pi/2,100)
+
+2. How do you clear a figure in ipython?
+
+ Answer: clf()
+
+3. How do find the length of a sequence?
+
+ Answer: len(sequence_name)
+
+4. Create a plot of x and e^x where x is 100 equally spaced points between 0,pi. Hint: e^x -> exp(x) for ipython
+
+ Answer: x=linspace(0,pi,100)
+ plot(x,exp(x))
+
+5. List four formats in which you can save a plot in ipython?
+
+ Answer: png,eps,pdf,ps
+
+6. List the kind of buttons available in plotui to study the plot better ?
+
+ Zoom button to Zoom In to a region.
+ Pan button to move it around.
+
+7. What are the left and right arrow buttons for?
+
+ Answer: These buttons take you to the states that the plot has been. Much like a browser left and right arrow button.
+
+
+
+8. What is the home button for in the Plot UI?
+
+ Initial State of the plot.
+
+
+
+
+Larger Questions
+----------------
+
+.. A minimum of 2 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. Question 1
+2. Question 2
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/plotui/quickref.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Creating a linear array:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50)|}
+
+Plotting two variables:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| plot(x, sin(x))|}
+
+Plotting two lists of equal length x, y:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| plot(x, y)|}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/plotui/script.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+Hello and welcome to the tutorial on creating simple plots using
+Python.This tutorial is presented by the Fossee group.
+{{{ Show the Title Slide }}}
+
+I hope you have IPython running on your computer.
+
+In this tutorial we will look at plot command and also how to study
+the plot using the UI.
+
+{{{ Show Outline Slide }}}
+
+Lets start ipython on your shell, type ::
+
+ $ipython -pylab
+
+
+Pylab is a python library which provides plotting functionality.It
+also provides many other important mathematical and scientific
+functions. After running IPython -pylab in your shell if at the top of
+the result of this command, you see something like ::
+
+
+ `ERROR: matplotlib could NOT be imported! Starting normal
+ IPython.`
+
+
+{{{ Slide with Error written on it }}}
+
+Then you have to install matplotlib and run this command again.
+
+Now type in your ipython shell ::
+
+ In[]: linpace?
+
+
+
+as the documentation says, it returns `num` evenly spaced samples,
+calculated over the interval start and stop. To illustrate this, lets
+do it form 1 to 100 and try 100 points. ::
+
+ In[]: linspace(1,100,100)
+
+As you can see a sequence of numbers from 1 to 100 appears.
+
+Now lets try 200 points between 0 and 1 you do this by typing ::
+
+
+ In[]: linspace(0,1,200)
+
+0 for start , 1 for stop and 200 for no of points. In linspace
+the start and stop points can be integers, decimals , or
+constants. Let's try and get 100 points between -pi to pi. Type ::
+
+ In[]: p = linspace(-pi,pi,100)
+
+
+'pi' here is constant defined by pylab. Save this to the variable, p
+.
+
+If you now ::
+
+ In[]: len(p)
+
+You will get the no. of points. len function gives the no of elements
+of a sequence.
+
+
+Let's try and plot a cosine curve between -pi and pi using these
+points. Simply type ::
+
+
+ In[]: plot(p,cos(points))
+
+Here cos(points) gets the cosine value at every corresponding point to
+p.
+
+
+We can also save cos(points) to variable cosine and plot it using
+plot.::
+
+ In[]: cosine=cos(points)
+
+ In[]: plot(p,cosine)
+
+
+
+Now do ::
+
+ In[]: clf()
+
+this will clear the plot.
+
+This is done because any other plot we try to make shall come on the
+same drawing area. As we do not wish to clutter the area with
+overlaid plots , we just clear it with clf(). Now lets try a sine
+plot. ::
+
+
+ In []: plot(p,sin(p))
+
+
+
+
+The Window on which the plot appears can be used to study it better.
+
+First of all moving the mouse around gives us the point where mouse
+points at.
+
+Also we have some buttons the right most among them is
+for saving the file.
+
+Just click on it specifying the name of the file. We will save the plot
+by the name sin_curve in pdf format.
+
+
+
+{{{ Action corelating with the words }}}
+
+As you can see I can specify format of file from the dropdown.
+
+Formats like png ,eps ,pdf, ps are available.
+
+Left to the save button is the slider button to specify the margins.
+
+{{{ Action corelating with the words }}}
+
+Left to this is zoom button to zoom into the plot. Just specify the
+region to zoom into.
+The button left to it can be used to move the axes of the plot.
+
+{{{ Action corelating with the words }}}
+
+The next two buttons with a left and right arrow icons change the state of the
+plot and take it to the previous state it was in. It more or less acts like a
+back and forward button in the browser.
+
+{{{ Action corelating with the words }}}
+
+The last one is 'home' referring to the initial plot.
+
+{{{ Action corelating with the words}}}
+
+
+
+{{{ Summary Slide }}}
+
+
+In this tutorial we have looked at
+
+1. Starting Ipython with pylab
+
+2. Using linspace function to create `num` equaly spaced points in a region.
+
+3. Finding length of sequnces using len.
+
+4. Plotting mathematical functions using plot.
+
+4. Clearing drawing area using clf
+
+5. Using the UI of plot for studying it better . Using functionalities like save , zoom , moving the plots on x and y axis
+
+etc ..
+
+
+
+{{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}}
+
+
+
+This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India
+
+
+
+ Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.
+
+ Thankyou
+
+
+
+Author : Amit Sethi
+Internal Reviewer :
+Internal Reviewer 2 :
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/plotui/slides.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%Tutorial slides on Python.
+%
+% Author: FOSSEE
+% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\documentclass[14pt,compress]{beamer}
+%\documentclass[draft]{beamer}
+%\documentclass[compress,handout]{beamer}
+%\usepackage{pgfpages}
+%\pgfpagesuselayout{2 on 1}[a4paper,border shrink=5mm]
+
+% Modified from: generic-ornate-15min-45min.de.tex
+\mode<presentation>
+{
+ \usetheme{Warsaw}
+ \useoutertheme{infolines}
+ \setbeamercovered{transparent}
+}
+
+\usepackage[english]{babel}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+%\usepackage{times}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+
+\usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler}
+\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
+
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=Python,
+ basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+ commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape,
+ stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+ showstringspaces=false,
+ keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Macros
+\setbeamercolor{emphbar}{bg=blue!20, fg=black}
+\newcommand{\emphbar}[1]
+{\begin{beamercolorbox}[rounded=true]{emphbar}
+ {#1}
+ \end{beamercolorbox}
+}
+\newcounter{time}
+\setcounter{time}{0}
+\newcommand{\inctime}[1]{\addtocounter{time}{#1}{\tiny \thetime\ m}}
+
+\newcommand{\typ}[1]{\lstinline{#1}}
+
+\newcommand{\kwrd}[1]{ \texttt{\textbf{\color{blue}{#1}}} }
+
+% Title page
+\title{Your Title Here}
+
+\author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
+
+\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
+\date{}
+
+% DOCUMENT STARTS
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \maketitle
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Outline}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% All other slides here. %%
+%% The same slides will be used in a classroom setting. %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Summary}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \frametitle{Thank you!}
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
--- a/progress.org Tue Oct 12 11:44:33 2010 +0530
+++ b/progress.org Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -1,55 +1,55 @@
-| S.No | Name | Units | Author | 1st Review (Status) | 2nd Review (Status) |
-|---------+----------------------------------------+-------+----------+---------------------+---------------------|
-| 1.2 LO: | getting started with =ipython= | 2 | Punch | | |
-| 1.3 LO: | using the =plot= command interactively | 2 | Amit | Anoop (Pending) | Puneeth (Pending) |
-| 1.4 LO: | embellishing a plot | 2 | Nishanth | Anoop (Done) | Madhu (Done) |
-| 1.5 LO: | saving plots | 2 | Anoop | | |
-| 1.6 LO: | multiple plots | 3 | Madhu | Nishanth (Done) | Punch (Pending) |
-| 1.7 LO: | additional features of IPython | 2 | Nishanth | Amit (Pending) | Madhu (Pending) |
-| 1.8 LO: | module level assessment | 3 | Madhu | | |
-|---------+----------------------------------------+-------+----------+---------------------+---------------------|
-| 2.2 LO: | loading data from files | 3 | Punch | Nishanth (Done) | Anoop (Pending) |
-| 2.3 LO: | plotting the data | 3 | Amit | Anoop (Pending) | Punch (Pending) |
-| 2.4 LO: | other types of plots | 3 | Anoop | | |
-| 2.5 LO: | module level assessment | 3 | Nishanth | | |
-|---------+----------------------------------------+-------+----------+---------------------+---------------------|
-| 3.1 LO: | getting started with lists | 2 | Amit | Madhu (Pending) | Nishanth (Done) |
-| 3.2 LO: | getting started with =for= | 2 | Anoop | Nishanth (Done) | Amit (Done) |
-| 3.3 LO: | getting started with strings | 2 | Madhu | | |
-| 3.4 LO: | getting started with files | 3 | Punch | | |
-| 3.5 LO: | parsing data | 3 | Nishanth | Amit (Done) | Punch (Pending) |
-| 3.6 LO: | statistics | 2 | Amit | Anoop (Pending) | Puneeth (Pending) |
-| 3.7 LO: | module level assessment | 3 | Madhu | | |
-|---------+----------------------------------------+-------+----------+---------------------+---------------------|
-| 4.1 LO: | getting started with arrays | 2 | Anoop | | |
-| 4.2 LO: | accessing parts of arrays | 4 | Punch | | |
-| 4.3 LO: | Matrices | 3 | Anoop | | |
-| 4.4 LO: | Least square fit | 2 | Nishanth | Punch (Pending) | Anoop (Pending) |
-| 4.5 LO: | Assessment | 3 | Punch | | |
-|---------+----------------------------------------+-------+----------+---------------------+---------------------|
-| 5.1 LO: | getting started with sage notebook | 3 | Madhu | | |
-| 5.2 LO: | getting started with symbolics | 3 | Amit | Madhu (Pending) | Nishanth (Pending) |
-| 5.3 LO: | using Sage | 4 | Punch | | |
-| 5.4 LO: | using sage to teach | 3 | Nishanth | | |
-| 5.5 LO: | Assessment | 3 | Anoop | | |
-|---------+----------------------------------------+-------+----------+---------------------+---------------------|
-| 6.1 LO: | basic datatypes & operators | 4 | Amit | Madhu (Pending) | Nishanth (Done) |
-| 6.2 LO: | I/O | 1 | Nishanth | | |
-| 6.3 LO: | conditionals | 2 | Madhu | | |
-| 6.4 LO: | loops | 2 | Puneeth | | |
-| 6.5 LO: | Assessment | 3 | Anoop | | |
-|---------+----------------------------------------+-------+----------+---------------------+---------------------|
-| 7.1 LO: | manipulating lists | 3 | Madhu | | |
-| 7.2 LO: | manipulating strings | 2 | Punch | | |
-| 7.3 LO: | getting started with tuples | 2 | Nishanth | | |
-| 7.4 LO: | dictionaries | 2 | Anoop | | |
-| 7.5 LO: | sets | 2 | Nishanth | | |
-| 7.6 LO: | Assessment | 3 | Amit | | |
-|---------+----------------------------------------+-------+----------+---------------------+---------------------|
-| 8.1 LO: | getting started with functions | 3 | Nishanth | | |
-| 8.2 LO: | advanced features of functions | 3 | Punch | | |
-| 8.3 LO: | using python modules | 3 | Anoop | | |
-| 8.4 LO: | writing python scripts | 2 | Nishanth | | |
-| 8.5 LO: | testing and debugging | 2 | Amit | | |
-| 8.6 LO: | Assessment | 3 | Madhu | | |
-|---------+----------------------------------------+-------+----------+---------------------+---------------------|
+| S.No | Name | Units | Author | Review | Checklist |
+|---------+----------------------------------------+-------+----------+-----------------+-----------|
+| 1.2 LO: | getting started with =ipython= | 2 | Punch | | |
+| 1.3 LO: | using the =plot= command interactively | 2 | Amit | | |
+| 1.4 LO: | embellishing a plot | 2 | Nishanth | Anoop (Done) | |
+| 1.5 LO: | saving plots | 2 | Anoop | | |
+| 1.6 LO: | multiple plots | 3 | Madhu | Nishanth (Done) | |
+| 1.7 LO: | additional features of IPython | 2 | Nishanth | Amit (Pending) | |
+| 1.8 LO: | module level assessment | 3 | Madhu | | |
+|---------+----------------------------------------+-------+----------+-----------------+-----------|
+| 2.2 LO: | loading data from files | 3 | Punch | Nishanth (Done) | |
+| 2.3 LO: | plotting the data | 3 | Amit | | |
+| 2.4 LO: | other types of plots | 3 | Anoop | | |
+| 2.5 LO: | module level assessment | 3 | Nishanth | | |
+|---------+----------------------------------------+-------+----------+-----------------+-----------|
+| 3.1 LO: | getting started with lists | 2 | Amit | | |
+| 3.2 LO: | getting started with =for= | 2 | Anoop | Nishanth (Done) | |
+| 3.3 LO: | getting started with strings | 2 | Madhu | | |
+| 3.4 LO: | getting started with files | 3 | Punch | | |
+| 3.5 LO: | parsing data | 3 | Nishanth | Amit (Done) | |
+| 3.6 LO: | statistics | 2 | Amit | | |
+| 3.7 LO: | module level assessment | 3 | Madhu | | |
+|---------+----------------------------------------+-------+----------+-----------------+-----------|
+| 4.1 LO: | getting started with arrays | 2 | Anoop | Punch (Done) | |
+| 4.2 LO: | accessing parts of arrays | 4 | Punch | | |
+| 4.3 LO: | Matrices | 3 | Anoop | | |
+| 4.4 LO: | Least square fit | 2 | Nishanth | Punch (Pending) | |
+| 4.5 LO: | Assessment | 3 | Punch | | |
+|---------+----------------------------------------+-------+----------+-----------------+-----------|
+| 5.1 LO: | getting started with sage notebook | 3 | Madhu | | |
+| 5.2 LO: | getting started with symbolics | 3 | Amit | | |
+| 5.3 LO: | using Sage | 4 | Punch | | |
+| 5.4 LO: | using sage to teach | 3 | Nishanth | | |
+| 5.5 LO: | Assessment | 3 | Anoop | | |
+|---------+----------------------------------------+-------+----------+-----------------+-----------|
+| 6.1 LO: | basic datatypes & operators | 4 | Amit | Punch (Pending) | |
+| 6.2 LO: | I/O | 1 | Nishanth | | |
+| 6.3 LO: | conditionals | 2 | Madhu | | |
+| 6.4 LO: | loops | 2 | Puneeth | | |
+| 6.5 LO: | Assessment | 3 | Anoop | | |
+|---------+----------------------------------------+-------+----------+-----------------+-----------|
+| 7.1 LO: | manipulating lists | 3 | Madhu | | |
+| 7.2 LO: | manipulating strings | 2 | Punch | | |
+| 7.3 LO: | getting started with tuples | 2 | Nishanth | | |
+| 7.4 LO: | dictionaries | 2 | Anoop | | |
+| 7.5 LO: | sets | 2 | Nishanth | | |
+| 7.6 LO: | Assessment | 3 | Amit | | |
+|---------+----------------------------------------+-------+----------+-----------------+-----------|
+| 8.1 LO: | getting started with functions | 3 | Nishanth | | |
+| 8.2 LO: | advanced features of functions | 3 | Punch | | |
+| 8.3 LO: | using python modules | 3 | Anoop | | |
+| 8.4 LO: | writing python scripts | 2 | Nishanth | | |
+| 8.5 LO: | testing and debugging | 2 | Amit | | |
+| 8.6 LO: | Assessment | 3 | Madhu | | |
+|---------+----------------------------------------+-------+----------+-----------------+-----------|
--- a/savefig/script.rst Tue Oct 12 11:44:33 2010 +0530
+++ b/savefig/script.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -1,9 +1,24 @@
-.. 2.5 LO: saving plots (2)
-.. -------------------------
-.. * Outline
-.. + basic savefig
-.. + png, pdf, ps, eps, svg
-.. + going to OS and looking at the file
+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+
+.. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to
+
+.. 1. Saving plots using ``savefig()`` function.
+.. #. Saving plots in different formats.
+
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+.. 1. should have ``ipython`` and ``pylab`` installed.
+.. #. getting started with ``ipython``.
+.. #. using plot command interactively.
+
+.. Author : Anoop Jacob Thomas <anoop@fossee.in>
+ Internal Reviewer :
+ External Reviewer :
+ Checklist OK? : <put date stamp here, if OK> [2010-10-05]
+
=======
Savefig
@@ -134,8 +149,3 @@
{{{ switch to Thank you slide }}}
Thank you!
-
-.. Author: Anoop Jacob Thomas <anoop@fossee.in>
- Reviewer 1:
- Reviewer 2:
- External reviewer:
--- a/statistics.rst Tue Oct 12 11:44:33 2010 +0530
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,165 +0,0 @@
-Hello friends and welcome to the tutorial on statistics using Python
-
-{{{ Show the slide containing title }}}
-
-{{{ Show the slide containing the outline slide }}}
-
-In this tutorial, we shall learn
- * Doing simple statistical operations in Python
- * Applying these to real world problems
-
-You will need Ipython with pylab running on your computer
-to use this tutorial.
-
-Also you will need to know about loading data using loadtxt to be
-able to follow the real world application.
-
-We will first start with the most necessary statistical
-operation i.e finding mean.
-
-We have a list of ages of a random group of people ::
-
- age_list=[4,45,23,34,34,38,65,42,32,7]
-
-One way of getting the mean could be getting sum of
-all the elements and dividing by length of the list.::
-
- sum_age_list =sum(age_list)
-
-sum function gives us the sum of the elements.::
-
- mean_using_sum=sum_age_list/len(age_list)
-
-This obviously gives the mean age but python has another
-method for getting the mean. This is the mean function::
-
- mean(age_list)
-
-Mean can be used in more ways in case of 2 dimensional lists.
-Take a two dimensional list ::
-
- two_dimension=[[1,5,6,8],[1,3,4,5]]
-
-the mean function used in default manner will give the mean of the
-flattened sequence. Flattened sequence means the two lists taken
-as if it was a single list of elements ::
-
- mean(two_dimension)
- flattened_seq=[1,5,6,8,1,3,4,5]
- mean(flattened_seq)
-
-As you can see both the results are same. The other is mean
-of each column.::
-
- mean(two_dimension,0)
- array([ 1. , 4. , 5. , 6.5])
-
-or along the two rows seperately.::
-
- mean(two_dimension,1)
- array([ 5. , 3.25])
-
-We can see more option of mean using ::
-
- mean?
-
-Similarly we can calculate median and stanard deviation of a list
-using the functions median and std::
-
- median(age_list)
- std(age_list)
-
-
-
-Now lets apply this to a real world example ::
-
-We will a data file that is at the a path
-``/home/fossee/sslc2.txt``.It contains record of students and their
-performance in one of the State Secondary Board Examination. It has
-180, 000 lines of record. We are going to read it and process this
-data. We can see the content of file by double clicking on it. It
-might take some time to open since it is quite a large file. Please
-don't edit the data. This file has a particular structure.
-
-We can do ::
-
- cat /home/fossee/sslc2.txt
-
-to check the contents of the file.
-
-Each line in the file is a set of 11 fields separated
-by semi-colons Consider a sample line from this file.
-A;015163;JOSEPH RAJ S;083;042;47;00;72;244;;;
-
-The following are the fields in any given line.
-* Region Code which is 'A'
-* Roll Number 015163
-* Name JOSEPH RAJ S
-* Marks of 5 subjects: ** English 083 ** Hindi 042 ** Maths 47 **
-Science AA (Absent) ** Social 72
-* Total marks 244
-*
-
-Now lets try and find the mean of English marks of all students.
-
-For this we do. ::
-
- L=loadtxt('/home/fossee/sslc2.txt',usecols=(3,),delimiter=';')
- L
- mean(L)
-
-loadtxt function loads data from an external file.Delimiter specifies
-the kind of character are the fields of data seperated by.
-usecols specifies the columns to be used so (3,). The 'comma' is added
-because usecols is a sequence.
-
-To get the median marks. ::
-
- median(L)
-
-Standard deviation. ::
-
- std(L)
-
-
-Now lets try and and get the mean for all the subjects ::
-
- L=loadtxt('sslc2.txt',usecols=(3,4,5,6,7),delimiter=';')
- mean(L,0)
- array([ 73.55452504, 53.79828941, 62.83342759, 50.69806158, 63.17056881])
-
-As we can see from the result mean(L,0). The resultant sequence
-is the mean marks of all students that gave the exam for the five subjects.
-
-and ::
-
- mean(L,1)
-
-
-is the average accumalative marks of individual students. Clearly, mean(L,0)
-was a row wise calcultaion while mean(L,1) was a column wise calculation.
-
-
-{{{ Show summary slide }}}
-
-This brings us to the end of the tutorial.
-we have learnt
-
- * How to do the standard statistical operations sum , mean
- median and standard deviation in Python.
- * Combine text loading and the statistical operation to solve
- real world problems.
-
-{{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}}
-
-
-This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India
-
-Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.
-Thankyou
-
-.. Author : Amit Sethi
- Internal Reviewer 1 :
- Internal Reviewer 2 :
- External Reviewer :
-
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/statistics/questions.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+Objective Questions
+-------------------
+
+.. A mininum of 8 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. What is the function for calculating sum of a list?
+
+ sum
+
+2. Calcutate the mean of the given list?
+
+ student_marks=[74,78,56,87,91,82]
+
+ mean(student_marks)
+
+
+3. Given a two dimensional list,::
+ two_dimensional_list=[[3,5,8,2,1],[4,3,6,2,1]]
+
+ how do we calculate the mean of each row?
+
+
+ mean(two_dimensinal_list,1)
+
+4. What is the function for calculating standard deviation of a list?
+
+ std
+
+5. Calcutate the median of the given list?
+
+ student_marks=[74,78,56,87,91,82]
+
+ median(age_list)
+
+6. How do you calculate median along the columns of two dimensional array?
+
+ median(two_dimensional_list,0)
+
+
+7. What is the name of the function to load text from an external file?
+
+ loadtxt
+
+8. I have a file with 6 columns but I wish to load only text in column 2,3,4,5. How do I specify that?
+
+ Using the parameter usecols=(2,3,4,5)
+
+Larger Questions
+----------------
+
+.. A minimum of 2 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. Question 1
+2. Question 2
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/statistics/quickref.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Creating a linear array:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50)|}
+
+Plotting two variables:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| plot(x, sin(x))|}
+
+Plotting two lists of equal length x, y:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| plot(x, y)|}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/statistics/script.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+Hello friends and welcome to the tutorial on statistics using Python
+
+{{{ Show the slide containing title }}}
+
+{{{ Show the slide containing the outline slide }}}
+
+In this tutorial, we shall learn
+ * Doing simple statistical operations in Python
+ * Applying these to real world problems
+
+You will need Ipython with pylab running on your computer
+to use this tutorial.
+
+Also you will need to know about loading data using loadtxt to be
+able to follow the real world application.
+
+We will first start with the most necessary statistical
+operation i.e finding mean.
+
+We have a list of ages of a random group of people ::
+
+ age_list=[4,45,23,34,34,38,65,42,32,7]
+
+One way of getting the mean could be getting sum of
+all the elements and dividing by length of the list.::
+
+ sum_age_list =sum(age_list)
+
+sum function gives us the sum of the elements.::
+
+ mean_using_sum=float(sum_age_list)/len(age_list)
+
+This obviously gives the mean age but python has another
+method for getting the mean. This is the mean function::
+
+ mean(age_list)
+
+Mean can be used in more ways in case of 2 dimensional lists.
+Take a two dimensional list ::
+
+ two_dimension=[[1,5,6,8],[1,3,4,5]]
+
+the mean function used in default manner will give the mean of the
+flattened sequence. Flattened sequence means the two lists taken
+as if it was a single list of elements ::
+
+ mean(two_dimension)
+ flattened_seq=[1,5,6,8,1,3,4,5]
+ mean(flattened_seq)
+
+As you can see both the results are same. The other way is mean
+of each column.::
+
+ mean(two_dimension,0)
+ array([ 1. , 4. , 5. , 6.5])
+
+we pass an extra argument 0 in that case.
+
+In case of getting mean along the rows the argument is 1::
+
+ mean(two_dimension,1)
+ array([ 5. , 3.25])
+
+We can see more option of mean using ::
+
+ mean?
+
+Similarly we can calculate median and stanard deviation of a list
+using the functions median and std::
+
+ median(age_list)
+ std(age_list)
+
+Median and std can also be calculated for two dimensional arrays along columns and rows just like mean.
+
+ For example ::
+
+ median(two_dimension,0)
+ std(two_dimension,1)
+
+This gives us the median along the colums and standard devition along the rows.
+
+Now lets apply this to a real world example
+
+We will a data file that is at the a path
+``/home/fossee/sslc2.txt``.It contains record of students and their
+performance in one of the State Secondary Board Examination. It has
+180, 000 lines of record. We are going to read it and process this
+data. We can see the content of file by double clicking on it. It
+might take some time to open since it is quite a large file. Please
+don't edit the data. This file has a particular structure.
+
+We can do ::
+
+ cat /home/fossee/sslc2.txt
+
+to check the contents of the file.
+
+Each line in the file is a set of 11 fields separated
+by semi-colons Consider a sample line from this file.
+A;015163;JOSEPH RAJ S;083;042;47;00;72;244;;;
+
+The following are the fields in any given line.
+* Region Code which is 'A'
+* Roll Number 015163
+* Name JOSEPH RAJ S
+* Marks of 5 subjects: ** English 083 ** Hindi 042 ** Maths 47 **
+Science AA (Absent) ** Social 72
+* Total marks 244
+*
+
+Now lets try and find the mean of English marks of all students.
+
+For this we do. ::
+
+ L=loadtxt('/home/fossee/sslc2.txt',usecols=(3,),delimiter=';')
+ L
+ mean(L)
+
+loadtxt function loads data from an external file.Delimiter specifies
+the kind of character are the fields of data seperated by.
+usecols specifies the columns to be used so (3,). The 'comma' is added
+because usecols is a sequence.
+
+To get the median marks. ::
+
+ median(L)
+
+Standard deviation. ::
+
+ std(L)
+
+
+Now lets try and and get the mean for all the subjects ::
+
+ L=loadtxt('/home/fossee/sslc2.txt',usecols=(3,4,5,6,7),delimiter=';')
+ mean(L,0)
+ array([ 73.55452504, 53.79828941, 62.83342759, 50.69806158, 63.17056881])
+
+As we can see from the result mean(L,0). The resultant sequence
+is the mean marks of all students that gave the exam for the five subjects.
+
+and ::
+
+ mean(L,1)
+
+
+is the average accumalative marks of individual students. Clearly, mean(L,0)
+was a row wise calcultaion while mean(L,1) was a column wise calculation.
+
+
+{{{ Show summary slide }}}
+
+This brings us to the end of the tutorial.
+we have learnt
+
+ * How to do the standard statistical operations sum , mean
+ median and standard deviation in Python.
+ * Combine text loading and the statistical operation to solve
+ real world problems.
+
+{{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}}
+
+
+This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India
+
+Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.
+Thankyou
+
+.. Author : Amit Sethi
+ Internal Reviewer 1 :
+ Internal Reviewer 2 :
+ External Reviewer :
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/statistics/slides.org Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+#+BEAMER_FRAME_LEVEL: 1
+
+#+BEAMER_HEADER_EXTRA: \usetheme{Warsaw}\useoutertheme{infolines}\usecolortheme{default}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
+#+COLUMNS: %45ITEM %10BEAMER_env(Env) %10BEAMER_envargs(Env Args) %4BEAMER_col(Col) %8BEAMER_extra(Extra)
+#+PROPERTY: BEAMER_col_ALL 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 :ETC
+#+OPTIONS: H:5 num:t toc:nil \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t -:t f:t *:t <:t
+
+#+TITLE: Statistics
+#+AUTHOR: FOSSEE
+#+DATE: 2010-09-14 Tue
+#+EMAIL: info@fossee.in
+
+# \author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
+
+# \institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
+# \date{}
+
+* Tutorial Plan
+** Doing simple statistical operations in Python
+** Using loadtxt to solve statistics problem
+
+* Summary
+** seq=[1,5,6,8,1,3,4,5]
+** sum(seq)
+** mean(seq)
+** median(seq)
+** std(seq)
+
+* Summary
+
+** loadtxt
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/statistics/slides.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%Tutorial slides on Python.
+%
+% Author: FOSSEE
+% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\documentclass[14pt,compress]{beamer}
+%\documentclass[draft]{beamer}
+%\documentclass[compress,handout]{beamer}
+%\usepackage{pgfpages}
+%\pgfpagesuselayout{2 on 1}[a4paper,border shrink=5mm]
+
+% Modified from: generic-ornate-15min-45min.de.tex
+\mode<presentation>
+{
+ \usetheme{Warsaw}
+ \useoutertheme{infolines}
+ \setbeamercovered{transparent}
+}
+
+\usepackage[english]{babel}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+%\usepackage{times}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+
+\usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler}
+\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
+
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=Python,
+ basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+ commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape,
+ stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+ showstringspaces=false,
+ keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Macros
+\setbeamercolor{emphbar}{bg=blue!20, fg=black}
+\newcommand{\emphbar}[1]
+{\begin{beamercolorbox}[rounded=true]{emphbar}
+ {#1}
+ \end{beamercolorbox}
+}
+\newcounter{time}
+\setcounter{time}{0}
+\newcommand{\inctime}[1]{\addtocounter{time}{#1}{\tiny \thetime\ m}}
+
+\newcommand{\typ}[1]{\lstinline{#1}}
+
+\newcommand{\kwrd}[1]{ \texttt{\textbf{\color{blue}{#1}}} }
+
+% Title page
+\title{Your Title Here}
+
+\author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
+
+\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
+\date{}
+
+% DOCUMENT STARTS
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \maketitle
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Outline}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% All other slides here. %%
+%% The same slides will be used in a classroom setting. %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Summary}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \frametitle{Thank you!}
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
--- a/symbolics.rst Tue Oct 12 11:44:33 2010 +0530
+++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,343 +0,0 @@
-Symbolics with Sage
--------------------
-
-This tutorial on using Sage for symbolic calculation is brought to you
-by Fossee group.
-
-.. #[Madhu: Sounds more or less like an ad!]
-
-{{{ Part of Notebook with title }}}
-
-.. #[Madhu: Please make your instructions, instructional. While
- recording if I have to read this, think what you are actually
- meaning it will take a lot of time]
-
-We would be using simple mathematical functions on the sage notebook
-for this tutorial.
-
-.. #[Madhu: What is this line doing here. I don't see much use of it]
-
-During the course of the tutorial we will learn
-
-{{{ Part of Notebook with outline }}}
-
-To define symbolic expressions in sage. Use built-in costants and
-function. Integration, differentiation using sage. Defining
-matrices. Defining Symbolic functions. Simplifying and solving
-symbolic expressions and functions.
-
-.. #[Nishanth]: The formatting is all messed up
- First fix the formatting and compile the rst
- The I shall review
-.. #[Madhu: Please make the above items full english sentences, not
- the slides like points. The person recording should be able to
- read your script as is. It can read something like "we will learn
- how to define symbolic expressions in Sage, using built-in ..."]
-
-Using sage we can perform mathematical operations on symbols.
-
-.. #[Madhu: Same mistake with period symbols! Please get the
- punctuation right. Also you may have to rephrase the above
- sentence as "We can use Sage to perform sybmolic mathematical
- operations" or such]
-
-On the sage notebook type::
-
- sin(y)
-
-It raises a name error saying that y is not defined. But in sage we
-can declare y as a symbol using var function.
-
-.. #[Madhu: But is not required]
-::
- var('y')
-
-Now if you type::
-
- sin(y)
-
- sage simply returns the expression .
-
-.. #[Madhu: Why is this line indented? Also full stop. When will you
- learn? Yes we can correct you. But corrections are for you to
- learn. If you don't learn from your mistakes, I don't know what
- to say]
-
-thus now sage treats sin(y) as a symbolic expression . You can use
-this to do a lot of symbolic maths using sage's built-in constants and
-expressions .
-
-.. #[Madhu: "Thus now"? It sounds like Dus and Nou, i.e 10 and 9 in
- Hindi! Full stop again. "a lot" doesn't mean anything until you
- quantify it or give examples.]
-
-Try out
-
-.. #[Madhu: "So let us try" sounds better]
- ::
-
- var('x,alpha,y,beta') x^2/alpha^2+y^2/beta^2
-
-Similarly , we can define many algebraic and trigonometric expressions
-using sage .
-
-.. #[Madhu: comma again. Show some more examples?]
-
-
-Sage also provides a few built-in constants which are commonly used in
-mathematics .
-
-example : pi,e,oo , Function n gives the numerical values of all these
- constants.
-
-.. #[Madhu: This doesn't sound like scripts. How will I read this
- while recording. Also if I were recording I would have read your
- third constant as Oh-Oh i.e. double O. It took me at least 30
- seconds to figure out it is infinity]
-
-For instance::
-
- n(e)
-
- 2.71828182845905
-
-gives numerical value of e.
-
-If you look into the documentation of n by doing
-
-.. #[Madhu: "documentation of the function "n"?]
-
-::
- n(<Tab>
-
-You will see what all arguments it can take etc .. It will be very
-helpful if you look at the documentation of all functions introduced
-
-.. #[Madhu: What does etc .. mean in a script?]
-
-Also we can define the no of digits we wish to use in the numerical
-value . For this we have to pass an argument digits. Type
-
-.. #[Madhu: "no of digits"? Also "We wish to obtain" than "we wish to
- use"?]
-::
-
- n(pi, digits = 10)
-
-Apart from the constants sage also has a lot of builtin functions like
-sin,cos,sinh,cosh,log,factorial,gamma,exp,arcsin,arccos,arctan etc ...
-lets try some out on the sage notebook.
-
-.. #[Madhu: Here "a lot" makes sense]
-::
-
- sin(pi/2)
-
- arctan(oo)
-
- log(e,e)
-
-
-Given that we have defined variables like x,y etc .. , We can define
-an arbitrary function with desired name in the following way.::
-
- var('x') function(<tab> {{{ Just to show the documentation
- extend this line }}} function('f',x)
-
-.. #[Madhu: What will the person recording show in the documentation
- without a script for it? Please don't assume recorder can cook up
- things while recording. It is impractical]
-
-Here f is the name of the function and x is the independent variable .
-Now we can define f(x) to be ::
-
- f(x) = x/2 + sin(x)
-
-Evaluating this function f for the value x=pi returns pi/2.::
-
- f(pi)
-
-We can also define functions that are not continuous but defined
-piecewise. We will be using a function which is a parabola between 0
-to 1 and a constant from 1 to 2 . type the following as given on the
-screen
-
-.. #[Madhu: Instead of "We will be using ..." how about "Let us define
- a function ..."]
-::
-
-
- var('x') h(x)=x^2 g(x)=1 f=Piecewise(<Tab> {{{ Just to show the
- documentation extend this line }}}
- f=Piecewise([[(0,1),h(x)],[(1,2),g(x)]],x) f
-
-Checking f at 0.4, 1.4 and 3 :: f(0.4) f(1.4) f(3)
-
-.. #[Madhu: Again this doesn't sound like a script]
-
-for f(3) it raises a value not defined in domain error .
-
-
-Apart from operations on expressions and functions one can also use
-them for series .
-
-.. #[Madhu: I am not able to understand this line. "Use them as
-.. series". Use what as series?]
-
-We first define a function f(n) in the way discussed above.::
-
- var('n') function('f', n)
-
-.. #[Madhu: Shouldn't this be on 2 separate lines?]
-
-To sum the function for a range of discrete values of n, we use the
-sage function sum.
-
-For a convergent series , f(n)=1/n^2 we can say ::
-
- var('n') function('f', n)
-
- f(n) = 1/n^2
-
- sum(f(n), n, 1, oo)
-
-For the famous Madhava series :: var('n') function('f', n)
-
-.. #[Madhu: What is this? your double colon says it must be code block
- but where is the indentation and other things. How will the
- recorder know about it?]
-
- f(n) = (-1)^(n-1)*1/(2*n - 1)
-
-This series converges to pi/4. It was used by ancient Indians to
-interpret pi.
-
-.. #[Madhu: I am losing the context. Please add something to bring
- this thing to the context]
-
-For a divergent series, sum would raise a an error 'Sum is
-divergent' ::
-
- var('n')
- function('f', n)
- f(n) = 1/n sum(f(n), n,1, oo)
-
-
-
-
-We can perform simple calculus operation using sage
-
-.. #[Madhu: When you switch to irrelevant topics make sure you use
- some connectors in English like "Moving on let us see how to
- perform simple calculus operations using Sage" or something like
- that]
-For example lets try an expression first ::
-
- diff(x**2+sin(x),x) 2x+cos(x)
-
-The diff function differentiates an expression or a function . Its
-first argument is expression or function and second argument is the
-independent variable .
-
-.. #[Madhu: Full stop, Full stop, Full stop]
-
-We have already tried an expression now lets try a function ::
-
- f=exp(x^2)+arcsin(x) diff(f(x),x)
-
-To get a higher order differentiation we need to add an extra argument
-for order ::
-
- diff(<tab> diff(f(x),x,3)
-
-.. #[Madhu: Please try to be more explicit saying third argument]
-
-in this case it is 3.
-
-
-Just like differentiation of expression you can also integrate them ::
-
- x = var('x') s = integral(1/(1 + (tan(x))**2),x) s
-
-.. #[Madhu: Two separate lines.]
-
-To find the factors of an expression use the "factor" function
-
-.. #[Madhu: See the diff]
-
-::
- factor(<tab> y = (x^100 - x^70)*(cos(x)^2 + cos(x)^2*tan(x)^2) f =
- factor(y)
-
-One can also simplify complicated expression using sage ::
- f.simplify_full()
-
-This simplifies the expression fully . You can also do simplification
-of just the algebraic part and the trigonometric part ::
-
- f.simplify_exp() f.simplify_trig()
-
-.. #[Madhu: Separate lines?]
-
-One can also find roots of an equation by using find_root function::
-
- phi = var('phi') find_root(cos(phi)==sin(phi),0,pi/2)
-
-.. #[Madhu: Separate lines?]
-
-Lets substitute this solution into the equation and see we were
-correct ::
-
- var('phi') f(phi)=cos(phi)-sin(phi)
- root=find_root(f(phi)==0,0,pi/2) f.substitute(phi=root)
-
-.. #[Madhu: Separate lines?]
-
-as we can see the solution is almost equal to zero .
-
-.. #[Madhu: So what?]
-
-We can also define symbolic matrices ::
-
-
-
- var('a,b,c,d') A=matrix([[a,1,0],[0,b,0],[0,c,d]]) A
-
-.. #[Madhu: Why don't you break the lines?]
-
-Now lets do some of the matrix operations on this matrix
-
-.. #[Madhu: Why don't you break the lines? Also how do you connect
- this up? Use some transformation keywords in English]
-::
- A.det() A.inverse()
-
-.. #[Madhu: Why don't you break the lines?]
-
-You can do ::
-
- A.<Tab>
-
-To see what all operations are available
-
-.. #[Madhu: Sounds very abrupt]
-
-{{{ Part of the notebook with summary }}}
-
-So in this tutorial we learnt how to
-
-
-We learnt about defining symbolic expression and functions .
-And some built-in constants and functions .
-Getting value of built-in constants using n function.
-Using Tab to see the documentation.
-Also we learnt how to sum a series using sum function.
-diff() and integrate() for calculus operations .
-Finding roots , factors and simplifying expression using find_root(),
-factor() , simplify_full, simplify_exp , simplify_trig .
-Substituting values in expression using substitute function.
-And finally creating symbolic matrices and performing operation on them .
-
-.. #[Madhu: See what Nishanth is doing. He has written this as
- points. So easy to read out while recording. You may want to
- reorganize like that]
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/symbolics/questions.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+Objective Questions
+-------------------
+
+.. A mininum of 8 questions here (along with answers)
+
+1. How do you define a name 'y' as a symbol?
+
+
+ Answer: var('y')
+
+2. List out some constants pre-defined in sage?
+
+ Answer: pi, e ,euler_gamma
+
+3. List the functions for differentiation and integration in sage?
+
+ Answer: diff and integral
+
+4. Get the value of pi upto precision 5 digits using sage?
+
+ Answer: n(pi,5)
+
+5. Find third order differential of function.
+
+ f(x)=sin(x^2)+exp(x^3)
+
+ Answer: diff(f(x),x,3)
+
+6. What is the function to find factors of an expression?
+
+ Answer: factor
+
+7. What is syntax for simplifying a function f?
+
+ Answer f.simplify_full()
+
+8. Find the solution for x between pi/2 to pi for the given equation?
+
+ sin(x)==cos(x^3)+exp(x^4)
+ find_root(sin(x)==cos(x^3)+exp(x^4),pi/2,pi)
+
+9. Create a simple two dimensional matrix with two symbolic variables?
+
+ var('a,b')
+ A=matrix([[a,1],[2,b]])
+
+Larger Questions
+----------------
+
+.. A minimum of 2 questions here (along with answers)
+
+
+2. Question 2
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/symbolics/quickref.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Creating a linear array:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50)|}
+
+Plotting two variables:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| plot(x, sin(x))|}
+
+Plotting two lists of equal length x, y:\\
+{\ex \lstinline| plot(x, y)|}
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/symbolics/script.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+Symbolics with Sage
+-------------------
+
+Hello friends and welcome to the tutorial on symbolics with sage.
+
+
+.. #[Madhu: Sounds more or less like an ad!]
+
+{{{ Part of Notebook with title }}}
+
+.. #[Madhu: Please make your instructions, instructional. While
+ recording if I have to read this, think what you are actually
+ meaning it will take a lot of time]
+
+We would be using simple mathematical functions on the sage notebook
+for this tutorial.
+
+.. #[Madhu: What is this line doing here. I don't see much use of it]
+
+During the course of the tutorial we will learn
+
+{{{ Part of Notebook with outline }}}
+
+To define symbolic expressions in sage. Use built-in costants and
+function. Integration, differentiation using sage. Defining
+matrices. Defining Symbolic functions. Simplifying and solving
+symbolic expressions and functions.
+
+.. #[Nishanth]: The formatting is all messed up
+ First fix the formatting and compile the rst
+ The I shall review
+.. #[Madhu: Please make the above items full english sentences, not
+ the slides like points. The person recording should be able to
+ read your script as is. It can read something like "we will learn
+ how to define symbolic expressions in Sage, using built-in ..."]
+
+Using sage we can perform mathematical operations on symbols.
+
+.. #[Madhu: Same mistake with period symbols! Please get the
+ punctuation right. Also you may have to rephrase the above
+ sentence as "We can use Sage to perform sybmolic mathematical
+ operations" or such]
+
+On the sage notebook type::
+
+ sin(y)
+
+It raises a name error saying that y is not defined. But in sage we
+can declare y as a symbol using var function.
+
+.. #[Madhu: But is not required]
+::
+ var('y')
+
+Now if you type::
+
+ sin(y)
+
+ sage simply returns the expression .
+
+.. #[Madhu: Why is this line indented? Also full stop. When will you
+ learn? Yes we can correct you. But corrections are for you to
+ learn. If you don't learn from your mistakes, I don't know what
+ to say]
+
+thus now sage treats sin(y) as a symbolic expression . You can use
+this to do a lot of symbolic maths using sage's built-in constants and
+expressions .
+
+.. #[Madhu: "Thus now"? It sounds like Dus and Nou, i.e 10 and 9 in
+ Hindi! Full stop again. "a lot" doesn't mean anything until you
+ quantify it or give examples.]
+
+Try out
+
+.. #[Madhu: "So let us try" sounds better]
+ ::
+
+ var('x,alpha,y,beta') x^2/alpha^2+y^2/beta^2
+
+Similarly , we can define many algebraic and trigonometric expressions
+using sage .
+
+.. #[Madhu: comma again. Show some more examples?]
+
+
+Sage also provides a few built-in constants which are commonly used in
+mathematics .
+
+example : pi,e,oo , Function n gives the numerical values of all these
+ constants.
+
+.. #[Madhu: This doesn't sound like scripts. How will I read this
+ while recording. Also if I were recording I would have read your
+ third constant as Oh-Oh i.e. double O. It took me at least 30
+ seconds to figure out it is infinity]
+
+For instance::
+
+ n(e)
+
+ 2.71828182845905
+
+gives numerical value of e.
+
+If you look into the documentation of n by doing
+
+.. #[Madhu: "documentation of the function "n"?]
+
+::
+ n(<Tab>
+
+You will see what all arguments it can take etc .. It will be very
+helpful if you look at the documentation of all functions introduced
+
+.. #[Madhu: What does etc .. mean in a script?]
+
+Also we can define the no of digits we wish to use in the numerical
+value . For this we have to pass an argument digits. Type
+
+.. #[Madhu: "no of digits"? Also "We wish to obtain" than "we wish to
+ use"?]
+::
+
+ n(pi, digits = 10)
+
+Apart from the constants sage also has a lot of builtin functions like
+sin,cos,sinh,cosh,log,factorial,gamma,exp,arcsin,arccos,arctan etc ...
+lets try some out on the sage notebook.
+
+.. #[Madhu: Here "a lot" makes sense]
+::
+
+ sin(pi/2)
+
+ arctan(oo)
+
+ log(e,e)
+
+
+Given that we have defined variables like x,y etc .. , We can define
+an arbitrary function with desired name in the following way.::
+
+ var('x') function(<tab> {{{ Just to show the documentation
+ extend this line }}} function('f',x)
+
+.. #[Madhu: What will the person recording show in the documentation
+ without a script for it? Please don't assume recorder can cook up
+ things while recording. It is impractical]
+
+Here f is the name of the function and x is the independent variable .
+Now we can define f(x) to be ::
+
+ f(x) = x/2 + sin(x)
+
+Evaluating this function f for the value x=pi returns pi/2.::
+
+ f(pi)
+
+We can also define functions that are not continuous but defined
+piecewise. We will be using a function which is a parabola between 0
+to 1 and a constant from 1 to 2 . type the following as given on the
+screen
+
+.. #[Madhu: Instead of "We will be using ..." how about "Let us define
+ a function ..."]
+::
+
+
+ var('x') h(x)=x^2 g(x)=1 f=Piecewise(<Tab> {{{ Just to show the
+ documentation extend this line }}}
+ f=Piecewise([[(0,1),h(x)],[(1,2),g(x)]],x) f
+
+Checking f at 0.4, 1.4 and 3 :: f(0.4) f(1.4) f(3)
+
+.. #[Madhu: Again this doesn't sound like a script]
+
+for f(3) it raises a value not defined in domain error .
+
+
+Apart from operations on expressions and functions one can also use
+them for series .
+
+.. #[Madhu: I am not able to understand this line. "Use them as
+.. series". Use what as series?]
+
+We first define a function f(n) in the way discussed above.::
+
+ var('n') function('f', n)
+
+.. #[Madhu: Shouldn't this be on 2 separate lines?]
+
+To sum the function for a range of discrete values of n, we use the
+sage function sum.
+
+For a convergent series , f(n)=1/n^2 we can say ::
+
+ var('n') function('f', n)
+
+ f(n) = 1/n^2
+
+ sum(f(n), n, 1, oo)
+
+For the famous Madhava series :: var('n') function('f', n)
+
+.. #[Madhu: What is this? your double colon says it must be code block
+ but where is the indentation and other things. How will the
+ recorder know about it?]
+
+ f(n) = (-1)^(n-1)*1/(2*n - 1)
+
+This series converges to pi/4. It was used by ancient Indians to
+interpret pi.
+
+.. #[Madhu: I am losing the context. Please add something to bring
+ this thing to the context]
+
+For a divergent series, sum would raise a an error 'Sum is
+divergent' ::
+
+ var('n')
+ function('f', n)
+ f(n) = 1/n sum(f(n), n,1, oo)
+
+
+
+
+We can perform simple calculus operation using sage
+
+.. #[Madhu: When you switch to irrelevant topics make sure you use
+ some connectors in English like "Moving on let us see how to
+ perform simple calculus operations using Sage" or something like
+ that]
+For example lets try an expression first ::
+
+ diff(x**2+sin(x),x) 2x+cos(x)
+
+The diff function differentiates an expression or a function . Its
+first argument is expression or function and second argument is the
+independent variable .
+
+.. #[Madhu: Full stop, Full stop, Full stop]
+
+We have already tried an expression now lets try a function ::
+
+ f=exp(x^2)+arcsin(x) diff(f(x),x)
+
+To get a higher order differentiation we need to add an extra argument
+for order ::
+
+ diff(<tab> diff(f(x),x,3)
+
+.. #[Madhu: Please try to be more explicit saying third argument]
+
+in this case it is 3.
+
+
+Just like differentiation of expression you can also integrate them ::
+
+ x = var('x') s = integral(1/(1 + (tan(x))**2),x) s
+
+.. #[Madhu: Two separate lines.]
+
+To find the factors of an expression use the "factor" function
+
+.. #[Madhu: See the diff]
+
+::
+ factor(<tab> y = (x^100 - x^70)*(cos(x)^2 + cos(x)^2*tan(x)^2) f =
+ factor(y)
+
+One can also simplify complicated expression using sage ::
+ f.simplify_full()
+
+This simplifies the expression fully . You can also do simplification
+of just the algebraic part and the trigonometric part ::
+
+ f.simplify_exp() f.simplify_trig()
+
+.. #[Madhu: Separate lines?]
+
+One can also find roots of an equation by using find_root function::
+
+ phi = var('phi') find_root(cos(phi)==sin(phi),0,pi/2)
+
+.. #[Madhu: Separate lines?]
+
+Lets substitute this solution into the equation and see we were
+correct ::
+
+ var('phi') f(phi)=cos(phi)-sin(phi)
+ root=find_root(f(phi)==0,0,pi/2) f.substitute(phi=root)
+
+.. #[Madhu: Separate lines?]
+
+as we can see the solution is almost equal to zero .
+
+.. #[Madhu: So what?]
+
+We can also define symbolic matrices ::
+
+
+
+ var('a,b,c,d') A=matrix([[a,1,0],[0,b,0],[0,c,d]]) A
+
+.. #[Madhu: Why don't you break the lines?]
+
+Now lets do some of the matrix operations on this matrix
+
+.. #[Madhu: Why don't you break the lines? Also how do you connect
+ this up? Use some transformation keywords in English]
+::
+ A.det() A.inverse()
+
+.. #[Madhu: Why don't you break the lines?]
+
+You can do ::
+
+ A.<Tab>
+
+To see what all operations are available
+
+.. #[Madhu: Sounds very abrupt]
+
+{{{ Part of the notebook with summary }}}
+
+So in this tutorial we learnt how to
+
+
+We learnt about defining symbolic expression and functions .
+And some built-in constants and functions .
+Getting value of built-in constants using n function.
+Using Tab to see the documentation.
+Also we learnt how to sum a series using sum function.
+diff() and integrate() for calculus operations .
+Finding roots , factors and simplifying expression using find_root(),
+factor() , simplify_full, simplify_exp , simplify_trig .
+Substituting values in expression using substitute function.
+And finally creating symbolic matrices and performing operation on them .
+
+.. #[Madhu: See what Nishanth is doing. He has written this as
+ points. So easy to read out while recording. You may want to
+ reorganize like that]
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/symbolics/slides.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%Tutorial slides on Python.
+%
+% Author: FOSSEE
+% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\documentclass[14pt,compress]{beamer}
+%\documentclass[draft]{beamer}
+%\documentclass[compress,handout]{beamer}
+%\usepackage{pgfpages}
+%\pgfpagesuselayout{2 on 1}[a4paper,border shrink=5mm]
+
+% Modified from: generic-ornate-15min-45min.de.tex
+\mode<presentation>
+{
+ \usetheme{Warsaw}
+ \useoutertheme{infolines}
+ \setbeamercovered{transparent}
+}
+
+\usepackage[english]{babel}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+%\usepackage{times}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+
+\usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler}
+\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
+
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=Python,
+ basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+ commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape,
+ stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+ showstringspaces=false,
+ keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Macros
+\setbeamercolor{emphbar}{bg=blue!20, fg=black}
+\newcommand{\emphbar}[1]
+{\begin{beamercolorbox}[rounded=true]{emphbar}
+ {#1}
+ \end{beamercolorbox}
+}
+\newcounter{time}
+\setcounter{time}{0}
+\newcommand{\inctime}[1]{\addtocounter{time}{#1}{\tiny \thetime\ m}}
+
+\newcommand{\typ}[1]{\lstinline{#1}}
+
+\newcommand{\kwrd}[1]{ \texttt{\textbf{\color{blue}{#1}}} }
+
+% Title page
+\title{Your Title Here}
+
+\author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
+
+\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
+\date{}
+
+% DOCUMENT STARTS
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \maketitle
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Outline}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% All other slides here. %%
+%% The same slides will be used in a classroom setting. %%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Summary}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+ \frametitle{Thank you!}
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
--- a/using python modules/script.rst Tue Oct 12 11:44:33 2010 +0530
+++ b/using python modules/script.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -1,11 +1,27 @@
-.. 9.3 LO: using python modules (3)
-.. ---------------------------------
-.. * executing python scripts from command line
-.. * import
-.. * scipy
-.. * pylab
-.. * sys
-.. * STDLIB modules show off
+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+
+.. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to
+
+.. 1. Execute python scripts from command line.
+.. #. Use import in scripts.
+.. #. Import scipy and pylab modules
+.. #. Use python standard modules and 3rd party modules.
+
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+.. 1. should have ``pylab`` installed.
+.. #. using plot command interactively.
+.. #. embellishing a plot.
+.. #. saving plots.
+
+.. Author : Anoop Jacob Thomas <anoop@fossee.in>
+ Internal Reviewer :
+ External Reviewer :
+ Checklist OK? : <put date stamp here, if OK> [2010-10-05]
+
====================
Using Python modules
@@ -17,7 +33,8 @@
{{{ switch to next slide, outline slide }}}
In this tutorial, we will see how to run python scripts from command
-line, importing modules, importing scipy and pylab modules.
+line, importing modules, importing scipy and pylab modules. And also
+see the Python standard library.
{{{ switch to next slide on executing python scripts from command line }}}
@@ -48,6 +65,8 @@
{{{ open terminal and navigate to directory where hello.py was saved }}}
+{{{ switch to next slide }}}
+
now run the Python script as,
::
@@ -59,6 +78,8 @@
The syntax is python space filename.
+{{{ switch to next slide, four plot problem }}}
+
Now recall the four plot problem where we plotted four plots in a single
figure. Let us run that script from command line.
@@ -87,6 +108,8 @@
So now let us try to fix the problem and run the script in command
line,
+{{{ switch to next slide, fix ``linspace`` problem }}}
+
add the following line as the first line in the script,
{{{ add the line as first line in four_plot.py and save }}}
::
@@ -100,6 +123,9 @@
Now it gave another error plot not defined, let us edit the file again
and add the line below the line we just added,
+
+{{{ switch to next slide, fix ``plot`` problem }}}
+
{{{ add the line as second line in four_plot.py and save }}}
::
@@ -115,6 +141,8 @@
We actually imported the required modules using the keyword ``import``.
It could have also be done as,
+{{{ switch to next slide, better way of fixing }}}
+
{{{ highlight the following in slide and say it loud }}}
::
@@ -130,29 +158,26 @@
module then it will replace any existing functions with the same name
in our name-space.
+{{{ switch to next slide, Instead of ``*`` }}}
+
So let us modify four_plot.py as,
{{{ delete the first two lines and add the following }}}
::
from scipy import linspace, pi, sin
- from pylab import plot, legend, annotate, title, show
- from pylab import xlim, ylim
+ from pylab import plot, legend, annotate
+ from pylab import xlim, ylim, title, show
+
+Now let us try running the code again as,
+::
+
+ python four_plot.py
+
+It works! In this method we actually imported the functions to the
+current name-space, and there is another method of doing it. And that
+is,
{{{ switch to next slide }}}
-it could also be done as,
-
-.. import scipy
-.. import pylab
-.. x = scipy.linspace(-5*scipy.pi, 5*scipy.pi, 500)
-.. pylab.plot(x, x, 'b')
-.. pylab.plot(x, -x, 'b')
-.. pylab.plot(x, scipy.sin(x), 'g', linewidth=2)
-.. pylab.plot(x, x*scipy.sin(x), 'r', linewidth=3)
-.. pylab.legend(['x', '-x', 'sin(x)', 'xsin(x)'])
-.. pylab.annotate('origin', xy = (0, 0))
-.. pylab.xlim(-5*scipy.pi, 5*scipy.pi)
-.. pylab.ylim(-5*scipy.pi, 5*scipy.pi)
-
Notice that we use ``scipy.pi`` instead of just ``pi`` as in the
previous method, and the functions are called as ``pylab.plot()`` and
@@ -211,7 +236,7 @@
The modules pylab, scipy, Mayavi are not part of the standard python
library.
-{{{ switch to next slide, recap }}}
+{{{ switch to next slide, summary }}}
This brings us to the end of this tutorial, in this tutorial we
learned running scripts from command line, learned about modules, saw
@@ -220,8 +245,3 @@
{{{ switch to next slide, thank you slide }}}
Thank you!
-
-.. Author: Anoop Jacob Thomas <anoop@fossee.in>
- Reviewer 1:
- Reviewer 2:
- External reviewer:
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/using python modules/slides.org Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+#+BEAMER_FRAME_LEVEL: 1
+
+#+BEAMER_HEADER_EXTRA: \usetheme{Warsaw}\usecolortheme{default}\useoutertheme{infolines}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
+#+COLUMNS: %45ITEM %10BEAMER_env(Env) %10BEAMER_envargs(Env Args) %4BEAMER_col(Col) %8BEAMER_extra(Extra)
+#+PROPERTY: BEAMER_col_ALL 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 :ETC
+
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} \usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{listings}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER:\lstset{language=Python, basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: showstringspaces=false, keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+#+TITLE: Using python modules
+#+AUTHOR: FOSSEE
+#+EMAIL:
+#+DATE:
+
+#+DESCRIPTION:
+#+KEYWORDS:
+#+LANGUAGE: en
+#+OPTIONS: H:3 num:nil toc:nil \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t -:t f:t *:t <:t
+#+OPTIONS: TeX:t LaTeX:nil skip:nil d:nil todo:nil pri:nil tags:not-in-toc
+
+* Outline
+ - Running python scripts from command line
+ - Importing python modules
+ - Importing scipy \& pylab modules
+ - About python standard library.
+* Running Python script from command line
+ - Create a script, open text editor and type the following
+ : print "hello world!"
+ : print
+ - Save the script as ~hello.py~
+* Running Python script from command line (cont'd)
+ - Run the script
+ : $ python hello.py
+ /Syntax :/ *python filename*
+* Four plot problem
+ #+begin_latex
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[scale=0.4]{four_plot}
+ \end{center}
+ #+end_latex
+* Fix ~linspace()~ problem
+ : from scipy import *
+* Fix ~plot()~ problem
+ : from pylab import *
+* Better way of fixing
+ : from scipy import linspace
+ instead of
+ : from scipy import *
+ ~*~ means import all functions from name-space ~scipy~.
+* Instead of ~*~
+ : from scipy import linspace, pi, sin
+ : from pylab import plot, legend, annotate
+ : from pylab import xlim, ylim, title, show
+ Is better than, ~from scipy import *~ \& ~from pylab import *~.
+* Another Fix
+ #+begin_src python
+ import scipy
+ import pylab
+ x = scipy.linspace(-5*scipy.pi, 5*scipy.pi, 500)
+ pylab.plot(x, x, 'b')
+ pylab.plot(x, -x, 'b')
+ pylab.plot(x, scipy.sin(x), 'g', linewidth=2)
+ pylab.plot(x, x*scipy.sin(x), 'r', linewidth=3)
+ pylab.legend(['x', '-x', 'sin(x)', 'xsin(x)'])
+ pylab.annotate('origin', xy = (0, 0))
+ pylab.xlim(-5*scipy.pi, 5*scipy.pi)
+ pylab.ylim(-5*scipy.pi, 5*scipy.pi)
+ #+end_src
+* Exercise 1
+ Write a python script to plot a sine wave from
+ #+begin_latex
+ $-2\Pi$
+ #+end_latex
+ to
+ #+begin_latex
+ $2\Pi$
+ #+end_latex
+ .
+* What is a module?
+ Module is simply a file containing Python definitions and
+ statements. Definitions from a module can be imported into other
+ modules or into the main module.
+* Python standard library
+ Python has a very rich standard library of modules.
+ - Few libraries
+ - Math: ~math~, ~random~
+ - Internet access: ~urllib2~, ~smtplib~
+ - System, Command line arguments: ~sys~
+ - Operating system interface: ~os~
+ - regular expressions: ~re~
+ - compression: ~gzip~, ~zipfile~, ~tarfile~
+ - More information
+ - [[http://docs.python.org/library]]
+* Summary
+ - Running scripts from command line
+ - Learned about modules
+ - importing modules
+ - Python standard library
+* Thank you!
+#+begin_latex
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+#+end_latex
+
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/using python modules/slides.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+% Created 2010-10-12 Tue 17:12
+\documentclass[presentation]{beamer}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\usepackage{fixltx2e}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{longtable}
+\usepackage{float}
+\usepackage{wrapfig}
+\usepackage{soul}
+\usepackage{t1enc}
+\usepackage{textcomp}
+\usepackage{marvosym}
+\usepackage{wasysym}
+\usepackage{latexsym}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+\tolerance=1000
+\usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} \usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=Python, basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+showstringspaces=false, keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+\providecommand{\alert}[1]{\textbf{#1}}
+
+\title{Using python modules}
+\author{FOSSEE}
+\date{}
+
+\usetheme{Warsaw}\usecolortheme{default}\useoutertheme{infolines}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Outline}
+\label{sec-1}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Running python scripts from command line
+\item Importing python modules
+\item Importing scipy \& pylab modules
+\item About python standard library.
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Running Python script from command line}
+\label{sec-2}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Create a script, open text editor and type the following
+\begin{verbatim}
+ print "hello world!"
+ print
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\item Save the script as \texttt{hello.py}
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Running Python script from command line (cont'd)}
+\label{sec-3}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Run the script
+\begin{verbatim}
+ $ python hello.py
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+ \emph{Syntax :} \textbf{python filename}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Four plot problem}
+\label{sec-4}
+
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[scale=0.4]{four_plot}
+ \end{center}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Fix \texttt{linspace()} problem}
+\label{sec-5}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ from scipy import *
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Fix \texttt{plot()} problem}
+\label{sec-6}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ from pylab import *
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Better way of fixing}
+\label{sec-7}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ from scipy import linspace
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ instead of
+\begin{verbatim}
+ from scipy import *
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ \texttt{*} means import all functions from name-space \texttt{scipy}.
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Instead of \texttt{*}}
+\label{sec-8}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+ from scipy import linspace, pi, sin
+ from pylab import plot, legend, annotate
+ from pylab import xlim, ylim, title, show
+\end{verbatim}
+
+ Is better than, \texttt{from scipy import *} \& \texttt{from pylab import *}.
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Another Fix}
+\label{sec-9}
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+import scipy
+import pylab
+x = scipy.linspace(-5*scipy.pi, 5*scipy.pi, 500)
+pylab.plot(x, x, 'b')
+pylab.plot(x, -x, 'b')
+pylab.plot(x, scipy.sin(x), 'g', linewidth=2)
+pylab.plot(x, x*scipy.sin(x), 'r', linewidth=3)
+pylab.legend(['x', '-x', 'sin(x)', 'xsin(x)'])
+pylab.annotate('origin', xy = (0, 0))
+pylab.xlim(-5*scipy.pi, 5*scipy.pi)
+pylab.ylim(-5*scipy.pi, 5*scipy.pi)
+\end{verbatim}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Exercise 1}
+\label{sec-10}
+
+ Write a python script to plot a sine wave from
+ $-2\Pi$
+ to
+ $2\Pi$
+ .
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{What is a module?}
+\label{sec-11}
+
+ Module is simply a file containing Python definitions and
+ statements. Definitions from a module can be imported into other
+ modules or into the main module.
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Python standard library}
+\label{sec-12}
+
+ Python has a very rich standard library of modules.
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Few libraries
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Math: \texttt{math}, \texttt{random}
+\item Internet access: \texttt{urllib2}, \texttt{smtplib}
+\item System, Command line arguments: \texttt{sys}
+\item Operating system interface: \texttt{os}
+\item regular expressions: \texttt{re}
+\item compression: \texttt{gzip}, \texttt{zipfile}, \texttt{tarfile}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\item More information
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item \href{http://docs.python.org/library}{http://docs.python.org/library}
+\end{itemize}
+
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Summary}
+\label{sec-13}
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Running scripts from command line
+\item Learned about modules
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item importing modules
+\end{itemize}
+
+\item Python standard library
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Thank you!}
+\label{sec-14}
+
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
--- a/using-sage/script.rst Tue Oct 12 11:44:33 2010 +0530
+++ b/using-sage/script.rst Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -1,10 +1,29 @@
-========
- Script
-========
+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+
+.. By the end of this tutorial you will --
+
+.. 1. Get an idea of the range of things for which Sage can be used.
+.. #. Know some of the functions for Calculus
+.. #. Get some insight into Graphs in Sage.
+
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+.. Getting Started -- Sage
+
+.. Author : Puneeth
+ Internal Reviewer :
+ External Reviewer :
+ Checklist OK? : <put date stamp here, if OK> [2010-10-05]
+
+Script
+------
{{{ show the welcome slide }}}
-Welcome to this tutorial on using Sage.
+Hello Friends. Welcome to this tutorial on using Sage.
{{{ show the slide with outline }}}
@@ -194,4 +213,8 @@
We have looked at some of the functions available for Linear Algebra,
Calculus, Graph Theory and Number theory.
-Thank You!
+This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India
+
+Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.
+Thank you!
+
--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/using-sage/slides.org Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+#+BEAMER_FRAME_LEVEL: 1
+
+#+BEAMER_HEADER_EXTRA: \usetheme{Warsaw}\usecolortheme{default}\useoutertheme{infolines}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
+#+COLUMNS: %45ITEM %10BEAMER_env(Env) %10BEAMER_envargs(Env Args) %4BEAMER_col(Col) %8BEAMER_extra(Extra)
+#+PROPERTY: BEAMER_col_ALL 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 :ETC
+
+#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer
+#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation]
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} \usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{listings}
+
+#+LaTeX_HEADER:\lstset{language=Python, basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+#+LaTeX_HEADER: showstringspaces=false, keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+#+TITLE: using Sage
+#+AUTHOR: FOSSEE
+#+EMAIL:
+#+DATE:
+
+#+DESCRIPTION:
+#+KEYWORDS:
+#+LANGUAGE: en
+#+OPTIONS: H:3 num:nil toc:nil \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t -:t f:t *:t <:t
+#+OPTIONS: TeX:t LaTeX:nil skip:nil d:nil todo:nil pri:nil tags:not-in-toc
+
+* Outline
+ - Calculus
+ - Linear Algebra
+ - Graph Theory
+ - Number Theory
+* Summary
+ - Differentiating and Integrating
+ - Taylor Expansions
+ - Solving Equations
+ - Initializing Graphs & Graph families
+ - Prime numbers
+ - Factors
+ - Combinations & Permutations
+* Thank you!
+#+begin_latex
+ \begin{block}{}
+ \begin{center}
+ This spoken tutorial has been produced by the
+ \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the
+ \end{center}
+ \begin{center}
+ \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\
+ Information \& Communication Technology \\
+ MHRD, Govt. of India}.
+ \end{center}
+ \end{block}
+#+end_latex
+
+
--- a/using-sage/slides.tex Tue Oct 12 11:44:33 2010 +0530
+++ b/using-sage/slides.tex Mon Oct 18 21:11:34 2010 +0530
@@ -1,95 +1,74 @@
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%Tutorial slides on Python.
-%
-% Author: FOSSEE
-% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-
-\documentclass[14pt,compress]{beamer}
-%\documentclass[draft]{beamer}
-%\documentclass[compress,handout]{beamer}
-%\usepackage{pgfpages}
-%\pgfpagesuselayout{2 on 1}[a4paper,border shrink=5mm]
-
-% Modified from: generic-ornate-15min-45min.de.tex
-\mode<presentation>
-{
- \usetheme{Warsaw}
- \useoutertheme{infolines}
- \setbeamercovered{transparent}
-}
-
-\usepackage[english]{babel}
+% Created 2010-10-11 Mon 22:48
+\documentclass[presentation]{beamer}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
-%\usepackage{times}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
-
-\usepackage{ae,aecompl}
-\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler}
-\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+\usepackage{fixltx2e}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+\usepackage{longtable}
+\usepackage{float}
+\usepackage{wrapfig}
+\usepackage{soul}
+\usepackage{textcomp}
+\usepackage{marvosym}
+\usepackage{wasysym}
+\usepackage{latexsym}
+\usepackage{amssymb}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+\tolerance=1000
+\usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} \usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=Python, basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+showstringspaces=false, keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+\providecommand{\alert}[1]{\textbf{#1}}
-\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
-
-\usepackage{listings}
-\lstset{language=Python,
- basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
- commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape,
- stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
- showstringspaces=false,
- keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
-
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-% Macros
-\setbeamercolor{emphbar}{bg=blue!20, fg=black}
-\newcommand{\emphbar}[1]
-{\begin{beamercolorbox}[rounded=true]{emphbar}
- {#1}
- \end{beamercolorbox}
-}
-\newcounter{time}
-\setcounter{time}{0}
-\newcommand{\inctime}[1]{\addtocounter{time}{#1}{\tiny \thetime\ m}}
-
-\newcommand{\typ}[1]{\lstinline{#1}}
-
-\newcommand{\kwrd}[1]{ \texttt{\textbf{\color{blue}{#1}}} }
-
-% Title page
-\title{Your Title Here}
-
-\author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}
-
-\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
+\title{using Sage}
+\author{FOSSEE}
\date{}
-% DOCUMENT STARTS
+\usetheme{Warsaw}\usecolortheme{default}\useoutertheme{infolines}\setbeamercovered{transparent}
\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
\begin{frame}
- \maketitle
-\end{frame}
+\frametitle{Outline}
+\label{sec-1}
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
- \frametitle{Outline}
- \begin{itemize}
- \item
- \end{itemize}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Calculus
+\item Linear Algebra
+\item Graph Theory
+\item Number Theory
+\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Summary}
+\label{sec-2}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%% All other slides here. %%
-%% The same slides will be used in a classroom setting. %%
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Differentiating and Integrating
+\item Taylor Expansions
+\item Solving Equations
+\item Initializing Graphs \& Graph families
+\item Prime numbers
+\item Factors
+\item Combinations \& Permutations
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Thank you!}
+\label{sec-3}
-\begin{frame}[fragile]
- \frametitle{Summary}
- \begin{itemize}
- \item
- \end{itemize}
-\end{frame}
-
-\begin{frame}
- \frametitle{Thank you!}
\begin{block}{}
\begin{center}
This spoken tutorial has been produced by the