Hello friends. Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Multiple plots.

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In this tutorial, we will learn how to draw more than one plot, how to

add legends to each plot to indicate what each plot represents. We

will also learn how to switch between the plots and create multiple

plots with different regular axes which are also called as subplots.

.. #[Nishanth]: See diff - edited a grammatical mistake

{{{ Shift to terminal and start ipython -pylab }}}

To begin with let us start ipython with pylab, by typing::

  ipython -pylab

on the terminal

Let us first create set of points for our plot. For this we will use

the command called linspace::

  x = linspace(0, 50, 10)

linspace command creates 10 points in the interval between 0 and 50

both inclusive. We assign these values to a variable called x.

.. #[Nishanth]: pre requisite for this LO is basic plotting which

                covers linspace and plot. So you may not need to 

                specify all that again. But not a problem if it is

                there also.

Now let us draw a plot simple sine plot using these points::

  plot(x, sin(x))

This should give us a nice sine plot.

{{{ Switch to the plot window }}}

Oh! wait! Is that a nice sine plot? Does a sine plot actually look

like that? We know that a sine plot is a smooth curve. Is it not? What

really caused this?

.. #[Nishanth]: See diff

{{{ pause for a while }}}

A small investigation on linspace tells us that we chose too few

points in a large interval between 0 and 50 for the curve to be

smooth. So now let us use linspace again to get 500 points between 0

and 100 and draw the sine plot

.. #[Nishanth]: Here specify that when we do plot(x, sin(x) 

                it is actually plotting two sets of points

                and not analytical functions. Hence the sharp 

                curve.

{{{ Switch to ipython andtype }}} ::

  y = linspace(0, 50, 500)

  plot(y, sin(y))

{{{ Change to the plot window }}}

Now we see what we remember as a sine plot. A smooth curve. If we

carefully notice we also have two plots now one overlaid upon

another. In pylab, by default all the plots are overlaid.

We now know how to draw multiple plots but we would like to have more

control over it. Like switch between them, perform some operations or

labelling on them individually and so on. Let us see how to accomplish

this. Before we move on, let us clear our screen.

{{{ Switch to ipython }}}::

  clf()

To accomplishing more control over individual plots we use the figure

command::

  x = linspace(0, 50, 500)

  figure(1)

  plot(x, sin(x), 'b')

  figure(2)

  plot(x, cos(x), 'g')

{{{ Switch to plot window }}}

Now we have two plots, a sine plot and a cosine plot one overlaid upon

the other.

.. #[Nishanth]: figure(1) and figure(2) give two different plots.

                The remaining script moves on the fact that they 

                give overlaid plots which is not the case.

                So clear the figure and plot cos and sin without

                introducing figure command. Then introduce legend

                and finish off the everything on legend.

                Then introduce figure command.

{{{ Have both plot window and ipython side by side }}}

The figure command takes an integer as an argument which is the serial

number of the plot. This selects the corresponding plot. All the plot

commands we run after this are applied to the selected plot. In this

example figure 1 is the sine plot and figure 2 is the cosine plot. We

can, for example, save each plot separately

{{{ Switch to ipython }}}::

  savefig('/home/user/cosine.png')

  figure(1)

  title('sin(y)')

  savefig('/home/user/sine.png')

{{{ Have both plot window and ipython side by side }}}

We also titled the our first plot as 'sin(y)' which we did not do for

the second plot.

Since we have two plots now overlaid upon each other we would like to

have a way to indicate what each plot represents to distinguish

between them. This is accomplished using legends. Equivalently, the

legend command does this for us

{{{ Switch to ipython }}}::

  legend(['sin(x)', 'cos(x)'])

.. #[Nishanth]: This legend may go up in the script. May be before 

                introducing the figure command itself.

The legend command takes a single list of parameters where each

parameter is the text indicating the plots in the order of their

serial number.

{{{ Switch to plot window }}}

Now we can see the legends being displayed for the respective sine and

cosine plots on the plot area.

At times we run into situations where we want to compare two plots and

in such cases we want to draw both the plots in the same plotting

area. The situation is such that the two plots have different regular

axes which means we cannot draw overlaid plots. In such cases we can

draw subplots.

We use subplot command to accomplish this

{{{ Switch to ipython }}}::

  subplot(2, 1, 1)

subplot command takes three arguments, the first being the number of

rows of subplots that must be created,

{{{ Have both plot window and ipython side by side }}}

in this case we have 2 so it spilts the plotting area horizontally for

two subplots. The second argument specifies the number of coloumns of

subplots that must be created. We passed 1 as the argument so the

plotting area won't be split horizontally and the last argument

specifies what subplot must be created now in the order of the serial

number. In this case we passed 1 as the argument, so the first subplot

that is top half is created. If we execute the subplot command as

{{{ Switch to ipython }}}::

  subplot(2, 1, 2)

{{{ Switch to plot window }}}

The lower subplot is created. Now we can draw plots in each of the

subplot area using the plot command.

{{{ Switch to ipython }}}::

  x = linspace(0, 50, 500)

  plot(x, cos(x))

  subplot(2, 1, 1)

  y = linspace(0, 5, 100)

  plot(y, y ** 2)

{{{ Have both plot window and ipython side by side }}}

This created two plots one in each of the subplot area. The top

subplot holds a parabola and the bottom subplot holds a cosine

curve.

As seen here we can use subplot command to switch between the subplot

as well, but we have to use the same arguments as we used to create

that subplot, otherwise the previous subplot at that place will be

automatically erased. It is clear from the two subplots that both have

different regular axes. For the cosine plot x-axis varies from 0 to

100 and y-axis varies from 0 to 1 where as for the parabolic plot the

x-axis varies from 0 to 10 and y-axis varies from 0 to 100

.. #[Nishanth]: stress on the similarity between subplot and figure commands

{{{ Show summary slide }}}

.. #[Nishanth]: Exercises are missing in the script

                one exercise for overlaid plot and legend

                one for figure command

                one for subplot must do

This brings us to the end of another session. In this tutorial session

we learnt

 * How to draw multiple plots which are overlaid

 * the figure command

 * how to switch between the plots and perform some operations on each

   of them like saving the plots

 * the legend command and

 * creating and switching between subplots

.. #[Nishanth]: legend command can be told right after overlaid plots

{{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}}

This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India

Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful.

Thankyou

.. Author              : Madhu

   Internal Reviewer 1 :         [potential reviewer: Puneeth]

   Internal Reviewer 2 : Nishanth

   External Reviewer   :