app/django/db/models/fields/related.py
author Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
Mon, 29 Sep 2008 15:46:42 +0000
changeset 208 e076aee6e90f
parent 54 03e267d67478
child 323 ff1a9aa48cfd
permissions -rw-r--r--
Take advantage of the Model inheritance provided by polymodel.PolyModel to have Club, School, Sponsor, and Organization actually inherit from the Group Model class, rather than being composed via ReferenceProperties. Patch by: Todd Larsen Review by: Pawel Solyga, Sverre Rabbelier, Augie Fackler Review URL: http://codereviews.googleopensourceprograms.com/606

from django.db import connection, transaction
from django.db.models import signals, get_model
from django.db.models.fields import AutoField, Field, IntegerField, PositiveIntegerField, PositiveSmallIntegerField, get_ul_class, FieldDoesNotExist
from django.db.models.related import RelatedObject
from django.db.models.query_utils import QueryWrapper
from django.utils.text import capfirst
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy, string_concat, ungettext, ugettext as _
from django.utils.functional import curry
from django.utils.encoding import smart_unicode
from django.core import validators
from django import oldforms
from django import newforms as forms
from django.dispatch import dispatcher

try:
    set
except NameError:
    from sets import Set as set   # Python 2.3 fallback

# Values for Relation.edit_inline.
TABULAR, STACKED = 1, 2

RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT = 'self'

pending_lookups = {}

def add_lazy_relation(cls, field, relation):
    """
    Adds a lookup on ``cls`` when a related field is defined using a string,
    i.e.::

        class MyModel(Model):
            fk = ForeignKey("AnotherModel")

    This string can be:

        * RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT (i.e. "self") to indicate a recursive
          relation.

        * The name of a model (i.e "AnotherModel") to indicate another model in
          the same app.

        * An app-label and model name (i.e. "someapp.AnotherModel") to indicate
          another model in a different app.

    If the other model hasn't yet been loaded -- almost a given if you're using
    lazy relationships -- then the relation won't be set up until the
    class_prepared signal fires at the end of model initialization.
    """
    # Check for recursive relations
    if relation == RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT:
        app_label = cls._meta.app_label
        model_name = cls.__name__

    else:
        # Look for an "app.Model" relation
        try:
            app_label, model_name = relation.split(".")
        except ValueError:
            # If we can't split, assume a model in current app
            app_label = cls._meta.app_label
            model_name = relation

    # Try to look up the related model, and if it's already loaded resolve the
    # string right away. If get_model returns None, it means that the related
    # model isn't loaded yet, so we need to pend the relation until the class
    # is prepared.
    model = get_model(app_label, model_name, False)
    if model:
        field.rel.to = model
        field.do_related_class(model, cls)
    else:
        key = (app_label, model_name)
        value = (cls, field)
        pending_lookups.setdefault(key, []).append(value)

def do_pending_lookups(sender):
    """
    Handle any pending relations to the sending model. Sent from class_prepared.
    """
    key = (sender._meta.app_label, sender.__name__)
    for cls, field in pending_lookups.pop(key, []):
        field.rel.to = sender
        field.do_related_class(sender, cls)

dispatcher.connect(do_pending_lookups, signal=signals.class_prepared)

def manipulator_valid_rel_key(f, self, field_data, all_data):
    "Validates that the value is a valid foreign key"
    klass = f.rel.to
    try:
        klass._default_manager.get(**{f.rel.field_name: field_data})
    except klass.DoesNotExist:
        raise validators.ValidationError, _("Please enter a valid %s.") % f.verbose_name

#HACK
class RelatedField(object):
    def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name):
        sup = super(RelatedField, self)

        # Add an accessor to allow easy determination of the related query path for this field
        self.related_query_name = curry(self._get_related_query_name, cls._meta)

        if hasattr(sup, 'contribute_to_class'):
            sup.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
        other = self.rel.to
        if isinstance(other, basestring):
            add_lazy_relation(cls, self, other)
        else:
            self.do_related_class(other, cls)
        if not cls._meta.abstract and self.rel.related_name:
            self.rel.related_name = self.rel.related_name % {'class': cls.__name__.lower()}

    def set_attributes_from_rel(self):
        self.name = self.name or (self.rel.to._meta.object_name.lower() + '_' + self.rel.to._meta.pk.name)
        self.verbose_name = self.verbose_name or self.rel.to._meta.verbose_name
        self.rel.field_name = self.rel.field_name or self.rel.to._meta.pk.name

    def do_related_class(self, other, cls):
        self.set_attributes_from_rel()
        related = RelatedObject(other, cls, self)
        self.contribute_to_related_class(other, related)

    def get_db_prep_lookup(self, lookup_type, value):
        # If we are doing a lookup on a Related Field, we must be
        # comparing object instances. The value should be the PK of value,
        # not value itself.
        def pk_trace(value):
            # Value may be a primary key, or an object held in a relation.
            # If it is an object, then we need to get the primary key value for
            # that object. In certain conditions (especially one-to-one relations),
            # the primary key may itself be an object - so we need to keep drilling
            # down until we hit a value that can be used for a comparison.
            v = value
            try:
                while True:
                    v = getattr(v, v._meta.pk.name)
            except AttributeError:
                pass
            return v

        if hasattr(value, 'as_sql'):
            sql, params = value.as_sql()
            return QueryWrapper(('(%s)' % sql), params)
        if lookup_type == 'exact':
            return [pk_trace(value)]
        if lookup_type == 'in':
            return [pk_trace(v) for v in value]
        elif lookup_type == 'isnull':
            return []
        raise TypeError, "Related Field has invalid lookup: %s" % lookup_type

    def _get_related_query_name(self, opts):
        # This method defines the name that can be used to identify this
        # related object in a table-spanning query. It uses the lower-cased
        # object_name by default, but this can be overridden with the
        # "related_name" option.
        return self.rel.related_name or opts.object_name.lower()

class SingleRelatedObjectDescriptor(object):
    # This class provides the functionality that makes the related-object
    # managers available as attributes on a model class, for fields that have
    # a single "remote" value, on the class pointed to by a related field.
    # In the example "place.restaurant", the restaurant attribute is a
    # SingleRelatedObjectDescriptor instance.
    def __init__(self, related):
        self.related = related
        self.cache_name = '_%s_cache' % related.get_accessor_name()

    def __get__(self, instance, instance_type=None):
        if instance is None:
            raise AttributeError, "%s must be accessed via instance" % self.related.opts.object_name

        try:
            return getattr(instance, self.cache_name)
        except AttributeError:
            params = {'%s__pk' % self.related.field.name: instance._get_pk_val()}
            rel_obj = self.related.model._default_manager.get(**params)
            setattr(instance, self.cache_name, rel_obj)
            return rel_obj

    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        if instance is None:
            raise AttributeError, "%s must be accessed via instance" % self.related.opts.object_name
        # Set the value of the related field
        setattr(value, self.related.field.rel.get_related_field().attname, instance)

        # Clear the cache, if it exists
        try:
            delattr(value, self.related.field.get_cache_name())
        except AttributeError:
            pass

class ReverseSingleRelatedObjectDescriptor(object):
    # This class provides the functionality that makes the related-object
    # managers available as attributes on a model class, for fields that have
    # a single "remote" value, on the class that defines the related field.
    # In the example "choice.poll", the poll attribute is a
    # ReverseSingleRelatedObjectDescriptor instance.
    def __init__(self, field_with_rel):
        self.field = field_with_rel

    def __get__(self, instance, instance_type=None):
        if instance is None:
            raise AttributeError, "%s must be accessed via instance" % self.field.name
        cache_name = self.field.get_cache_name()
        try:
            return getattr(instance, cache_name)
        except AttributeError:
            val = getattr(instance, self.field.attname)
            if val is None:
                # If NULL is an allowed value, return it.
                if self.field.null:
                    return None
                raise self.field.rel.to.DoesNotExist
            other_field = self.field.rel.get_related_field()
            if other_field.rel:
                params = {'%s__pk' % self.field.rel.field_name: val}
            else:
                params = {'%s__exact' % self.field.rel.field_name: val}
            rel_obj = self.field.rel.to._default_manager.get(**params)
            setattr(instance, cache_name, rel_obj)
            return rel_obj

    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        if instance is None:
            raise AttributeError, "%s must be accessed via instance" % self._field.name
        # Set the value of the related field
        try:
            val = getattr(value, self.field.rel.get_related_field().attname)
        except AttributeError:
            val = None
        setattr(instance, self.field.attname, val)

        # Clear the cache, if it exists
        try:
            delattr(instance, self.field.get_cache_name())
        except AttributeError:
            pass

class ForeignRelatedObjectsDescriptor(object):
    # This class provides the functionality that makes the related-object
    # managers available as attributes on a model class, for fields that have
    # multiple "remote" values and have a ForeignKey pointed at them by
    # some other model. In the example "poll.choice_set", the choice_set
    # attribute is a ForeignRelatedObjectsDescriptor instance.
    def __init__(self, related):
        self.related = related   # RelatedObject instance

    def __get__(self, instance, instance_type=None):
        if instance is None:
            raise AttributeError, "Manager must be accessed via instance"

        rel_field = self.related.field
        rel_model = self.related.model

        # Dynamically create a class that subclasses the related
        # model's default manager.
        superclass = self.related.model._default_manager.__class__

        class RelatedManager(superclass):
            def get_query_set(self):
                return superclass.get_query_set(self).filter(**(self.core_filters))

            def add(self, *objs):
                for obj in objs:
                    setattr(obj, rel_field.name, instance)
                    obj.save()
            add.alters_data = True

            def create(self, **kwargs):
                new_obj = self.model(**kwargs)
                self.add(new_obj)
                return new_obj
            create.alters_data = True

            # remove() and clear() are only provided if the ForeignKey can have a value of null.
            if rel_field.null:
                def remove(self, *objs):
                    val = getattr(instance, rel_field.rel.get_related_field().attname)
                    for obj in objs:
                        # Is obj actually part of this descriptor set?
                        if getattr(obj, rel_field.attname) == val:
                            setattr(obj, rel_field.name, None)
                            obj.save()
                        else:
                            raise rel_field.rel.to.DoesNotExist, "%r is not related to %r." % (obj, instance)
                remove.alters_data = True

                def clear(self):
                    for obj in self.all():
                        setattr(obj, rel_field.name, None)
                        obj.save()
                clear.alters_data = True

        manager = RelatedManager()
        manager.core_filters = {'%s__pk' % rel_field.name: getattr(instance, rel_field.rel.get_related_field().attname)}
        manager.model = self.related.model

        return manager

    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        if instance is None:
            raise AttributeError, "Manager must be accessed via instance"

        manager = self.__get__(instance)
        # If the foreign key can support nulls, then completely clear the related set.
        # Otherwise, just move the named objects into the set.
        if self.related.field.null:
            manager.clear()
        manager.add(*value)

def create_many_related_manager(superclass):
    """Creates a manager that subclasses 'superclass' (which is a Manager)
    and adds behavior for many-to-many related objects."""
    class ManyRelatedManager(superclass):
        def __init__(self, model=None, core_filters=None, instance=None, symmetrical=None,
                join_table=None, source_col_name=None, target_col_name=None):
            super(ManyRelatedManager, self).__init__()
            self.core_filters = core_filters
            self.model = model
            self.symmetrical = symmetrical
            self.instance = instance
            self.join_table = join_table
            self.source_col_name = source_col_name
            self.target_col_name = target_col_name
            self._pk_val = self.instance._get_pk_val()
            if self._pk_val is None:
                raise ValueError("%r instance needs to have a primary key value before a many-to-many relationship can be used." % model)

        def get_query_set(self):
            return superclass.get_query_set(self).filter(**(self.core_filters))

        def add(self, *objs):
            self._add_items(self.source_col_name, self.target_col_name, *objs)

            # If this is a symmetrical m2m relation to self, add the mirror entry in the m2m table
            if self.symmetrical:
                self._add_items(self.target_col_name, self.source_col_name, *objs)
        add.alters_data = True

        def remove(self, *objs):
            self._remove_items(self.source_col_name, self.target_col_name, *objs)

            # If this is a symmetrical m2m relation to self, remove the mirror entry in the m2m table
            if self.symmetrical:
                self._remove_items(self.target_col_name, self.source_col_name, *objs)
        remove.alters_data = True

        def clear(self):
            self._clear_items(self.source_col_name)

            # If this is a symmetrical m2m relation to self, clear the mirror entry in the m2m table
            if self.symmetrical:
                self._clear_items(self.target_col_name)
        clear.alters_data = True

        def create(self, **kwargs):
            new_obj = self.model(**kwargs)
            new_obj.save()
            self.add(new_obj)
            return new_obj
        create.alters_data = True

        def _add_items(self, source_col_name, target_col_name, *objs):
            # join_table: name of the m2m link table
            # source_col_name: the PK colname in join_table for the source object
            # target_col_name: the PK colname in join_table for the target object
            # *objs - objects to add. Either object instances, or primary keys of object instances.

            # If there aren't any objects, there is nothing to do.
            if objs:
                # Check that all the objects are of the right type
                new_ids = set()
                for obj in objs:
                    if isinstance(obj, self.model):
                        new_ids.add(obj._get_pk_val())
                    else:
                        new_ids.add(obj)
                # Add the newly created or already existing objects to the join table.
                # First find out which items are already added, to avoid adding them twice
                cursor = connection.cursor()
                cursor.execute("SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s = %%s AND %s IN (%s)" % \
                    (target_col_name, self.join_table, source_col_name,
                    target_col_name, ",".join(['%s'] * len(new_ids))),
                    [self._pk_val] + list(new_ids))
                existing_ids = set([row[0] for row in cursor.fetchall()])

                # Add the ones that aren't there already
                for obj_id in (new_ids - existing_ids):
                    cursor.execute("INSERT INTO %s (%s, %s) VALUES (%%s, %%s)" % \
                        (self.join_table, source_col_name, target_col_name),
                        [self._pk_val, obj_id])
                transaction.commit_unless_managed()

        def _remove_items(self, source_col_name, target_col_name, *objs):
            # source_col_name: the PK colname in join_table for the source object
            # target_col_name: the PK colname in join_table for the target object
            # *objs - objects to remove

            # If there aren't any objects, there is nothing to do.
            if objs:
                # Check that all the objects are of the right type
                old_ids = set()
                for obj in objs:
                    if isinstance(obj, self.model):
                        old_ids.add(obj._get_pk_val())
                    else:
                        old_ids.add(obj)
                # Remove the specified objects from the join table
                cursor = connection.cursor()
                cursor.execute("DELETE FROM %s WHERE %s = %%s AND %s IN (%s)" % \
                    (self.join_table, source_col_name,
                    target_col_name, ",".join(['%s'] * len(old_ids))),
                    [self._pk_val] + list(old_ids))
                transaction.commit_unless_managed()

        def _clear_items(self, source_col_name):
            # source_col_name: the PK colname in join_table for the source object
            cursor = connection.cursor()
            cursor.execute("DELETE FROM %s WHERE %s = %%s" % \
                (self.join_table, source_col_name),
                [self._pk_val])
            transaction.commit_unless_managed()

    return ManyRelatedManager

class ManyRelatedObjectsDescriptor(object):
    # This class provides the functionality that makes the related-object
    # managers available as attributes on a model class, for fields that have
    # multiple "remote" values and have a ManyToManyField pointed at them by
    # some other model (rather than having a ManyToManyField themselves).
    # In the example "publication.article_set", the article_set attribute is a
    # ManyRelatedObjectsDescriptor instance.
    def __init__(self, related):
        self.related = related   # RelatedObject instance

    def __get__(self, instance, instance_type=None):
        if instance is None:
            raise AttributeError, "Manager must be accessed via instance"

        # Dynamically create a class that subclasses the related
        # model's default manager.
        rel_model = self.related.model
        superclass = rel_model._default_manager.__class__
        RelatedManager = create_many_related_manager(superclass)

        qn = connection.ops.quote_name
        manager = RelatedManager(
            model=rel_model,
            core_filters={'%s__pk' % self.related.field.name: instance._get_pk_val()},
            instance=instance,
            symmetrical=False,
            join_table=qn(self.related.field.m2m_db_table()),
            source_col_name=qn(self.related.field.m2m_reverse_name()),
            target_col_name=qn(self.related.field.m2m_column_name())
        )

        return manager

    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        if instance is None:
            raise AttributeError, "Manager must be accessed via instance"

        manager = self.__get__(instance)
        manager.clear()
        manager.add(*value)

class ReverseManyRelatedObjectsDescriptor(object):
    # This class provides the functionality that makes the related-object
    # managers available as attributes on a model class, for fields that have
    # multiple "remote" values and have a ManyToManyField defined in their
    # model (rather than having another model pointed *at* them).
    # In the example "article.publications", the publications attribute is a
    # ReverseManyRelatedObjectsDescriptor instance.
    def __init__(self, m2m_field):
        self.field = m2m_field

    def __get__(self, instance, instance_type=None):
        if instance is None:
            raise AttributeError, "Manager must be accessed via instance"

        # Dynamically create a class that subclasses the related
        # model's default manager.
        rel_model=self.field.rel.to
        superclass = rel_model._default_manager.__class__
        RelatedManager = create_many_related_manager(superclass)

        qn = connection.ops.quote_name
        manager = RelatedManager(
            model=rel_model,
            core_filters={'%s__pk' % self.field.related_query_name(): instance._get_pk_val()},
            instance=instance,
            symmetrical=(self.field.rel.symmetrical and instance.__class__ == rel_model),
            join_table=qn(self.field.m2m_db_table()),
            source_col_name=qn(self.field.m2m_column_name()),
            target_col_name=qn(self.field.m2m_reverse_name())
        )

        return manager

    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        if instance is None:
            raise AttributeError, "Manager must be accessed via instance"

        manager = self.__get__(instance)
        manager.clear()
        manager.add(*value)

class ManyToOneRel(object):
    def __init__(self, to, field_name, num_in_admin=3, min_num_in_admin=None,
            max_num_in_admin=None, num_extra_on_change=1, edit_inline=False,
            related_name=None, limit_choices_to=None, lookup_overrides=None,
            raw_id_admin=False, parent_link=False):
        try:
            to._meta
        except AttributeError: # to._meta doesn't exist, so it must be RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT
            assert isinstance(to, basestring), "'to' must be either a model, a model name or the string %r" % RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT
        self.to, self.field_name = to, field_name
        self.num_in_admin, self.edit_inline = num_in_admin, edit_inline
        self.min_num_in_admin, self.max_num_in_admin = min_num_in_admin, max_num_in_admin
        self.num_extra_on_change, self.related_name = num_extra_on_change, related_name
        if limit_choices_to is None:
            limit_choices_to = {}
        self.limit_choices_to = limit_choices_to
        self.lookup_overrides = lookup_overrides or {}
        self.raw_id_admin = raw_id_admin
        self.multiple = True
        self.parent_link = parent_link

    def get_related_field(self):
        """
        Returns the Field in the 'to' object to which this relationship is
        tied.
        """
        data = self.to._meta.get_field_by_name(self.field_name)
        if not data[2]:
            raise FieldDoesNotExist("No related field named '%s'" %
                    self.field_name)
        return data[0]

class OneToOneRel(ManyToOneRel):
    def __init__(self, to, field_name, num_in_admin=0, min_num_in_admin=None,
            max_num_in_admin=None, num_extra_on_change=None, edit_inline=False,
            related_name=None, limit_choices_to=None, lookup_overrides=None,
            raw_id_admin=False, parent_link=False):
        # NOTE: *_num_in_admin and num_extra_on_change are intentionally
        # ignored here. We accept them as parameters only to match the calling
        # signature of ManyToOneRel.__init__().
        super(OneToOneRel, self).__init__(to, field_name, num_in_admin,
                edit_inline=edit_inline, related_name=related_name,
                limit_choices_to=limit_choices_to,
                lookup_overrides=lookup_overrides, raw_id_admin=raw_id_admin,
                parent_link=parent_link)
        self.multiple = False

class ManyToManyRel(object):
    def __init__(self, to, num_in_admin=0, related_name=None,
        filter_interface=None, limit_choices_to=None, raw_id_admin=False, symmetrical=True):
        self.to = to
        self.num_in_admin = num_in_admin
        self.related_name = related_name
        self.filter_interface = filter_interface
        if limit_choices_to is None:
            limit_choices_to = {}
        self.limit_choices_to = limit_choices_to
        self.edit_inline = False
        self.raw_id_admin = raw_id_admin
        self.symmetrical = symmetrical
        self.multiple = True

        assert not (self.raw_id_admin and self.filter_interface), "ManyToManyRels may not use both raw_id_admin and filter_interface"

class ForeignKey(RelatedField, Field):
    empty_strings_allowed = False
    def __init__(self, to, to_field=None, rel_class=ManyToOneRel, **kwargs):
        try:
            to_name = to._meta.object_name.lower()
        except AttributeError: # to._meta doesn't exist, so it must be RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT
            assert isinstance(to, basestring), "%s(%r) is invalid. First parameter to ForeignKey must be either a model, a model name, or the string %r" % (self.__class__.__name__, to, RECURSIVE_RELATIONSHIP_CONSTANT)
        else:
            to_field = to_field or to._meta.pk.name
        kwargs['verbose_name'] = kwargs.get('verbose_name', '')

        if 'edit_inline_type' in kwargs:
            import warnings
            warnings.warn("edit_inline_type is deprecated. Use edit_inline instead.", DeprecationWarning)
            kwargs['edit_inline'] = kwargs.pop('edit_inline_type')

        kwargs['rel'] = rel_class(to, to_field,
            num_in_admin=kwargs.pop('num_in_admin', 3),
            min_num_in_admin=kwargs.pop('min_num_in_admin', None),
            max_num_in_admin=kwargs.pop('max_num_in_admin', None),
            num_extra_on_change=kwargs.pop('num_extra_on_change', 1),
            edit_inline=kwargs.pop('edit_inline', False),
            related_name=kwargs.pop('related_name', None),
            limit_choices_to=kwargs.pop('limit_choices_to', None),
            lookup_overrides=kwargs.pop('lookup_overrides', None),
            raw_id_admin=kwargs.pop('raw_id_admin', False),
            parent_link=kwargs.pop('parent_link', False))
        Field.__init__(self, **kwargs)

        self.db_index = True

    def get_attname(self):
        return '%s_id' % self.name

    def get_validator_unique_lookup_type(self):
        return '%s__%s__exact' % (self.name, self.rel.get_related_field().name)

    def prepare_field_objs_and_params(self, manipulator, name_prefix):
        params = {'validator_list': self.validator_list[:], 'member_name': name_prefix + self.attname}
        if self.rel.raw_id_admin:
            field_objs = self.get_manipulator_field_objs()
            params['validator_list'].append(curry(manipulator_valid_rel_key, self, manipulator))
        else:
            if self.radio_admin:
                field_objs = [oldforms.RadioSelectField]
                params['ul_class'] = get_ul_class(self.radio_admin)
            else:
                if self.null:
                    field_objs = [oldforms.NullSelectField]
                else:
                    field_objs = [oldforms.SelectField]
            params['choices'] = self.get_choices_default()
        return field_objs, params

    def get_default(self):
        "Here we check if the default value is an object and return the to_field if so."
        field_default = super(ForeignKey, self).get_default()
        if isinstance(field_default, self.rel.to):
            return getattr(field_default, self.rel.get_related_field().attname)
        return field_default

    def get_manipulator_field_objs(self):
        rel_field = self.rel.get_related_field()
        if self.rel.raw_id_admin and not isinstance(rel_field, AutoField):
            return rel_field.get_manipulator_field_objs()
        else:
            return [oldforms.IntegerField]

    def get_db_prep_save(self, value):
        if value == '' or value == None:
            return None
        else:
            return self.rel.get_related_field().get_db_prep_save(value)

    def flatten_data(self, follow, obj=None):
        if not obj:
            # In required many-to-one fields with only one available choice,
            # select that one available choice. Note: For SelectFields
            # (radio_admin=False), we have to check that the length of choices
            # is *2*, not 1, because SelectFields always have an initial
            # "blank" value. Otherwise (radio_admin=True), we check that the
            # length is 1.
            if not self.blank and (not self.rel.raw_id_admin or self.choices):
                choice_list = self.get_choices_default()
                if self.radio_admin and len(choice_list) == 1:
                    return {self.attname: choice_list[0][0]}
                if not self.radio_admin and len(choice_list) == 2:
                    return {self.attname: choice_list[1][0]}
        return Field.flatten_data(self, follow, obj)

    def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name):
        super(ForeignKey, self).contribute_to_class(cls, name)
        setattr(cls, self.name, ReverseSingleRelatedObjectDescriptor(self))

    def contribute_to_related_class(self, cls, related):
        setattr(cls, related.get_accessor_name(), ForeignRelatedObjectsDescriptor(related))

    def formfield(self, **kwargs):
        defaults = {'form_class': forms.ModelChoiceField, 'queryset': self.rel.to._default_manager.all()}
        defaults.update(kwargs)
        return super(ForeignKey, self).formfield(**defaults)

    def db_type(self):
        # The database column type of a ForeignKey is the column type
        # of the field to which it points. An exception is if the ForeignKey
        # points to an AutoField/PositiveIntegerField/PositiveSmallIntegerField,
        # in which case the column type is simply that of an IntegerField.
        rel_field = self.rel.get_related_field()
        if isinstance(rel_field, (AutoField, PositiveIntegerField, PositiveSmallIntegerField)):
            return IntegerField().db_type()
        return rel_field.db_type()

class OneToOneField(ForeignKey):
    """
    A OneToOneField is essentially the same as a ForeignKey, with the exception
    that always carries a "unique" constraint with it and the reverse relation
    always returns the object pointed to (since there will only ever be one),
    rather than returning a list.
    """
    def __init__(self, to, to_field=None, **kwargs):
        kwargs['unique'] = True
        if 'num_in_admin' not in kwargs:
            kwargs['num_in_admin'] = 0
        super(OneToOneField, self).__init__(to, to_field, OneToOneRel, **kwargs)

    def contribute_to_related_class(self, cls, related):
        setattr(cls, related.get_accessor_name(),
                SingleRelatedObjectDescriptor(related))
        if not cls._meta.one_to_one_field:
            cls._meta.one_to_one_field = self

class ManyToManyField(RelatedField, Field):
    def __init__(self, to, **kwargs):
        kwargs['verbose_name'] = kwargs.get('verbose_name', None)
        kwargs['rel'] = ManyToManyRel(to,
            num_in_admin=kwargs.pop('num_in_admin', 0),
            related_name=kwargs.pop('related_name', None),
            filter_interface=kwargs.pop('filter_interface', None),
            limit_choices_to=kwargs.pop('limit_choices_to', None),
            raw_id_admin=kwargs.pop('raw_id_admin', False),
            symmetrical=kwargs.pop('symmetrical', True))
        self.db_table = kwargs.pop('db_table', None)
        if kwargs["rel"].raw_id_admin:
            kwargs.setdefault("validator_list", []).append(self.isValidIDList)
        Field.__init__(self, **kwargs)

        if self.rel.raw_id_admin:
            msg = ugettext_lazy('Separate multiple IDs with commas.')
        else:
            msg = ugettext_lazy('Hold down "Control", or "Command" on a Mac, to select more than one.')
        self.help_text = string_concat(self.help_text, ' ', msg)

    def get_manipulator_field_objs(self):
        if self.rel.raw_id_admin:
            return [oldforms.RawIdAdminField]
        else:
            choices = self.get_choices_default()
            return [curry(oldforms.SelectMultipleField, size=min(max(len(choices), 5), 15), choices=choices)]

    def get_choices_default(self):
        return Field.get_choices(self, include_blank=False)

    def _get_m2m_db_table(self, opts):
        "Function that can be curried to provide the m2m table name for this relation"
        if self.db_table:
            return self.db_table
        else:
            return '%s_%s' % (opts.db_table, self.name)

    def _get_m2m_column_name(self, related):
        "Function that can be curried to provide the source column name for the m2m table"
        # If this is an m2m relation to self, avoid the inevitable name clash
        if related.model == related.parent_model:
            return 'from_' + related.model._meta.object_name.lower() + '_id'
        else:
            return related.model._meta.object_name.lower() + '_id'

    def _get_m2m_reverse_name(self, related):
        "Function that can be curried to provide the related column name for the m2m table"
        # If this is an m2m relation to self, avoid the inevitable name clash
        if related.model == related.parent_model:
            return 'to_' + related.parent_model._meta.object_name.lower() + '_id'
        else:
            return related.parent_model._meta.object_name.lower() + '_id'

    def isValidIDList(self, field_data, all_data):
        "Validates that the value is a valid list of foreign keys"
        mod = self.rel.to
        try:
            pks = map(int, field_data.split(','))
        except ValueError:
            # the CommaSeparatedIntegerField validator will catch this error
            return
        objects = mod._default_manager.in_bulk(pks)
        if len(objects) != len(pks):
            badkeys = [k for k in pks if k not in objects]
            raise validators.ValidationError, ungettext("Please enter valid %(self)s IDs. The value %(value)r is invalid.",
                    "Please enter valid %(self)s IDs. The values %(value)r are invalid.", len(badkeys)) % {
                'self': self.verbose_name,
                'value': len(badkeys) == 1 and badkeys[0] or tuple(badkeys),
            }

    def flatten_data(self, follow, obj = None):
        new_data = {}
        if obj:
            instance_ids = [instance._get_pk_val() for instance in getattr(obj, self.name).all()]
            if self.rel.raw_id_admin:
                new_data[self.name] = u",".join([smart_unicode(id) for id in instance_ids])
            else:
                new_data[self.name] = instance_ids
        else:
            # In required many-to-many fields with only one available choice,
            # select that one available choice.
            if not self.blank and not self.rel.edit_inline and not self.rel.raw_id_admin:
                choices_list = self.get_choices_default()
                if len(choices_list) == 1:
                    new_data[self.name] = [choices_list[0][0]]
        return new_data

    def contribute_to_class(self, cls, name):
        super(ManyToManyField, self).contribute_to_class(cls, name)
        # Add the descriptor for the m2m relation
        setattr(cls, self.name, ReverseManyRelatedObjectsDescriptor(self))

        # Set up the accessor for the m2m table name for the relation
        self.m2m_db_table = curry(self._get_m2m_db_table, cls._meta)

    def contribute_to_related_class(self, cls, related):
        # m2m relations to self do not have a ManyRelatedObjectsDescriptor,
        # as it would be redundant - unless the field is non-symmetrical.
        if related.model != related.parent_model or not self.rel.symmetrical:
            # Add the descriptor for the m2m relation
            setattr(cls, related.get_accessor_name(), ManyRelatedObjectsDescriptor(related))

        # Set up the accessors for the column names on the m2m table
        self.m2m_column_name = curry(self._get_m2m_column_name, related)
        self.m2m_reverse_name = curry(self._get_m2m_reverse_name, related)

    def set_attributes_from_rel(self):
        pass

    def value_from_object(self, obj):
        "Returns the value of this field in the given model instance."
        return getattr(obj, self.attname).all()

    def save_form_data(self, instance, data):
        setattr(instance, self.attname, data)

    def formfield(self, **kwargs):
        defaults = {'form_class': forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField, 'queryset': self.rel.to._default_manager.all()}
        defaults.update(kwargs)
        # If initial is passed in, it's a list of related objects, but the
        # MultipleChoiceField takes a list of IDs.
        if defaults.get('initial') is not None:
            defaults['initial'] = [i._get_pk_val() for i in defaults['initial']]
        return super(ManyToManyField, self).formfield(**defaults)

    def db_type(self):
        # A ManyToManyField is not represented by a single column,
        # so return None.
        return None