+
−"""
+
−PostgreSQL database backend for Django.
+
−
+
−Requires psycopg 1: http://initd.org/projects/psycopg1
+
−"""
+
−
+
−from django.db.backends import *
+
−from django.db.backends.postgresql.client import DatabaseClient
+
−from django.db.backends.postgresql.creation import DatabaseCreation
+
−from django.db.backends.postgresql.introspection import DatabaseIntrospection
+
−from django.db.backends.postgresql.operations import DatabaseOperations
+
−from django.db.backends.postgresql.version import get_version
+
−from django.utils.encoding import smart_str, smart_unicode
+
−
+
−try:
+
−    import psycopg as Database
+
−except ImportError, e:
+
−    from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+
−    raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading psycopg module: %s" % e)
+
−
+
−DatabaseError = Database.DatabaseError
+
−IntegrityError = Database.IntegrityError
+
−
+
−class UnicodeCursorWrapper(object):
+
−    """
+
−    A thin wrapper around psycopg cursors that allows them to accept Unicode
+
−    strings as params.
+
−
+
−    This is necessary because psycopg doesn't apply any DB quoting to
+
−    parameters that are Unicode strings. If a param is Unicode, this will
+
−    convert it to a bytestring using database client's encoding before passing
+
−    it to psycopg.
+
−
+
−    All results retrieved from the database are converted into Unicode strings
+
−    before being returned to the caller.
+
−    """
+
−    def __init__(self, cursor, charset):
+
−        self.cursor = cursor
+
−        self.charset = charset
+
−
+
−    def format_params(self, params):
+
−        if isinstance(params, dict):
+
−            result = {}
+
−            charset = self.charset
+
−            for key, value in params.items():
+
−                result[smart_str(key, charset)] = smart_str(value, charset)
+
−            return result
+
−        else:
+
−            return tuple([smart_str(p, self.charset, True) for p in params])
+
−
+
−    def execute(self, sql, params=()):
+
−        return self.cursor.execute(smart_str(sql, self.charset), self.format_params(params))
+
−
+
−    def executemany(self, sql, param_list):
+
−        new_param_list = [self.format_params(params) for params in param_list]
+
−        return self.cursor.executemany(sql, new_param_list)
+
−
+
−    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+
−        if attr in self.__dict__:
+
−            return self.__dict__[attr]
+
−        else:
+
−            return getattr(self.cursor, attr)
+
−
+
−    def __iter__(self):
+
−        return iter(self.cursor)
+
−
+
−class DatabaseFeatures(BaseDatabaseFeatures):
+
−    uses_savepoints = True
+
−
+
−class DatabaseWrapper(BaseDatabaseWrapper):
+
−    operators = {
+
−        'exact': '= %s',
+
−        'iexact': '= UPPER(%s)',
+
−        'contains': 'LIKE %s',
+
−        'icontains': 'LIKE UPPER(%s)',
+
−        'regex': '~ %s',
+
−        'iregex': '~* %s',
+
−        'gt': '> %s',
+
−        'gte': '>= %s',
+
−        'lt': '< %s',
+
−        'lte': '<= %s',
+
−        'startswith': 'LIKE %s',
+
−        'endswith': 'LIKE %s',
+
−        'istartswith': 'LIKE UPPER(%s)',
+
−        'iendswith': 'LIKE UPPER(%s)',
+
−    }
+
−
+
−    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+
−        super(DatabaseWrapper, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
−
+
−        self.features = DatabaseFeatures()
+
−        self.ops = DatabaseOperations()
+
−        self.client = DatabaseClient()
+
−        self.creation = DatabaseCreation(self)
+
−        self.introspection = DatabaseIntrospection(self)
+
−        self.validation = BaseDatabaseValidation()
+
−
+
−    def _cursor(self, settings):
+
−        set_tz = False
+
−        if self.connection is None:
+
−            set_tz = True
+
−            if settings.DATABASE_NAME == '':
+
−                from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+
−                raise ImproperlyConfigured("You need to specify DATABASE_NAME in your Django settings file.")
+
−            conn_string = "dbname=%s" % settings.DATABASE_NAME
+
−            if settings.DATABASE_USER:
+
−                conn_string = "user=%s %s" % (settings.DATABASE_USER, conn_string)
+
−            if settings.DATABASE_PASSWORD:
+
−                conn_string += " password='%s'" % settings.DATABASE_PASSWORD
+
−            if settings.DATABASE_HOST:
+
−                conn_string += " host=%s" % settings.DATABASE_HOST
+
−            if settings.DATABASE_PORT:
+
−                conn_string += " port=%s" % settings.DATABASE_PORT
+
−            self.connection = Database.connect(conn_string, **self.options)
+
−            self.connection.set_isolation_level(1) # make transactions transparent to all cursors
+
−        cursor = self.connection.cursor()
+
−        if set_tz:
+
−            cursor.execute("SET TIME ZONE %s", [settings.TIME_ZONE])
+
−            if not hasattr(self, '_version'):
+
−                self.__class__._version = get_version(cursor)
+
−            if self._version < (8, 0):
+
−                # No savepoint support for earlier version of PostgreSQL.
+
−                self.features.uses_savepoints = False
+
−        cursor.execute("SET client_encoding to 'UNICODE'")
+
−        cursor = UnicodeCursorWrapper(cursor, 'utf-8')
+
−        return cursor
+
−
+
−def typecast_string(s):
+
−    """
+
−    Cast all returned strings to unicode strings.
+
−    """
+
−    if not s and not isinstance(s, str):
+
−        return s
+
−    return smart_unicode(s)
+
−
+
−# Register these custom typecasts, because Django expects dates/times to be
+
−# in Python's native (standard-library) datetime/time format, whereas psycopg
+
−# use mx.DateTime by default.
+
−try:
+
−    Database.register_type(Database.new_type((1082,), "DATE", util.typecast_date))
+
−except AttributeError:
+
−    raise Exception("You appear to be using psycopg version 2. Set your DATABASE_ENGINE to 'postgresql_psycopg2' instead of 'postgresql'.")
+
−Database.register_type(Database.new_type((1083,1266), "TIME", util.typecast_time))
+
−Database.register_type(Database.new_type((1114,1184), "TIMESTAMP", util.typecast_timestamp))
+
−Database.register_type(Database.new_type((16,), "BOOLEAN", util.typecast_boolean))
+
−Database.register_type(Database.new_type((1700,), "NUMERIC", util.typecast_decimal))
+
−Database.register_type(Database.new_type(Database.types[1043].values, 'STRING', typecast_string))