This demonstrates how the Response object works, and tests it at the
same time.

    >>> from dtopt import ELLIPSIS
    >>> from webob import Response, UTC
    >>> from datetime import datetime
    >>> res = Response('Test', status='200 OK')

This is a minimal response object.  We can do things like get and set
the body:

    >>> res.body
    'Test'
    >>> res.body = 'Another test'
    >>> res.body
    'Another test'
    >>> res.body = 'Another'
    >>> res.write(' test')
    >>> res.app_iter
    ['Another test']
    >>> res.content_length
    12
    >>> res.headers['content-length']
    '12'
    
Content-Length is only applied when setting the body to a string; you
have to set it manually otherwise.  There are also getters and setters
for the various pieces:

    >>> res.app_iter = ['test']
    >>> print res.content_length
    None
    >>> res.content_length = 4
    >>> res.status
    '200 OK'
    >>> res.status_int
    200
    >>> res.headers
    HeaderDict([('content-type', 'text/html; charset=utf8'), ('Content-Length', '4')])
    >>> res.headerlist
    [('content-type', 'text/html; charset=utf8'), ('Content-Length', '4')]

Content-type and charset are handled separately as properties, though
they are both in the ``res.headers['content-type']`` header:

    >>> res.content_type
    'text/html'
    >>> res.content_type = 'text/html'
    >>> res.content_type
    'text/html'
    >>> res.charset
    'utf8'
    >>> res.charset = 'iso-8859-1'
    >>> res.charset
    'iso-8859-1'
    >>> res.content_type
    'text/html'
    >>> res.headers['content-type']
    'text/html; charset=iso-8859-1'

Cookie handling is done through methods:

    >>> res.set_cookie('test', 'value')
    >>> res.headers['set-cookie']
    'test=value; Path=/'
    >>> res.set_cookie('test2', 'value2', max_age=10000)
    >>> res.headers['set-cookie'] # We only see the last header
    'test2=value2; Max-Age=10000; Path=/'
    >>> res.headers.getall('set-cookie')
    ['test=value; Path=/', 'test2=value2; Max-Age=10000; Path=/']
    >>> res.unset_cookie('test')
    >>> res.headers.getall('set-cookie')
    ['test2=value2; Max-Age=10000; Path=/']

Most headers are available in a parsed getter/setter form through
properties:

    >>> res.age = 10
    >>> res.age, res.headers['age']
    (10, '10')
    >>> res.allow = ['GET', 'PUT']
    >>> res.allow, res.headers['allow']
    (['GET', 'PUT'], 'GET, PUT')
    >>> res.cache_control
    <CacheControl ''>
    >>> print res.cache_control.max_age
    None
    >>> res.cache_control.properties['max-age'] = None
    >>> print res.cache_control.max_age
    -1
    >>> res.cache_control.max_age = 10
    >>> res.cache_control
    <CacheControl 'max-age=10'>
    >>> res.headers['cache-control']
    'max-age=10'
    >>> res.cache_control.max_stale = 10
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    AttributeError: The property max-stale only applies to request Cache-Control
    >>> res.cache_control = {}
    >>> res.cache_control
    <CacheControl ''>
    >>> res.content_encoding = 'gzip'
    >>> (res.content_encoding, res.headers['content-encoding'])
    ('gzip', 'gzip')
    >>> res.content_language = 'en'
    >>> (res.content_language, res.headers['content-language'])
    (['en'], 'en')
    >>> res.content_location = 'http://localhost:8080'
    >>> res.headers['content-location']
    'http://localhost:8080'
    >>> res.content_range = (0, 100, 1000)
    >>> (res.content_range, res.headers['content-range'])
    (<ContentRange bytes 0-101/1000>, 'bytes 0-101/1000')
    >>> res.date = datetime(2005, 1, 1, 12, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
    >>> (res.date, res.headers['date'])
    (datetime.datetime(2005, 1, 1, 12, 0, tzinfo=UTC), 'Sat, 01 Jan 2005 12:00:00 GMT')
    >>> print res.etag
    None
    >>> res.etag = 'foo'
    >>> (res.etag, res.headers['etag'])
    ('foo', 'foo')
    >>> res.expires = res.date
    >>> res.retry_after = 120 # two minutes
    >>> res.retry_after
    datetime.datetime(...)
    >>> res.server = 'Python/foo'
    >>> res.headers['server']
    'Python/foo'
    >>> res.vary = ['Cookie']
    >>> (res.vary, res.headers['vary'])
    (['Cookie'], 'Cookie')

The location header will try to absolutify itself if you have a
request object attached.

    >>> res.location = '/test.html'
    >>> from webob import Request
    >>> res.request = Request.blank('/')
    >>> res.location
    'http://localhost/test.html'
    >>> res.request = None
    >>> res.location
    '/test.html'
    >>> res.request = Request.blank('/')
    >>> res.location = '/test2.html'
    >>> res.request = None
    >>> res.location
    'http://localhost/test2.html'

There's some conditional response handling too (you have to turn on
conditioanl_response)::

    >>> res = Response(conditional_response=True)
    >>> req = Request.blank('/')
    >>> res.etag = 'tag'
    >>> req.if_none_match = 'tag'
    >>> req.get_response(res)
    <Response ... 304 Not Modified>
    >>> res.etag = 'other-tag'
    >>> req.get_response(res)
    <Response ... 200 OK>
    >>> del req.if_none_match
    >>> req.if_modified_since = datetime(2005, 1, 1, 12, 1, tzinfo=UTC)
    >>> res.last_modified = datetime(2005, 1, 1, 12, 1, tzinfo=UTC)
    >>> req.get_response(res)
    <Response ... 304 Not Modified>
    >>> res.last_modified = datetime(2006, 1, 1, 12, 1, tzinfo=UTC)
    >>> req.get_response(res)
    <Response ... 200 OK>
    >>> res.last_modified = None
    >>> req.get_response(res)
    <Response ... 200 OK>

Also range response::

    >>> res = Response(conditional_response=True)
    >>> req = Request.blank('/')
    >>> res.body = '0123456789'
    >>> req.range = (1, 5)
    >>> result = req.get_response(res)
    >>> result.body
    '1234'
    >>> result.content_range
    <ContentRange bytes 1-6/10>
    >>> tuple(result.content_range)
    (1, 5, 10)
    >>> # Now an invalid range:
    >>> req.range = (0, 20)
    >>> str(req.range)
    'bytes=0-21'
    >>> result = req.get_response(res)
    >>> result.body
    '0123456789'
    >>> print result.content_range
    None

That was easier; we'll try it with a iterator for the body::

    >>> res = Response(conditional_response=True)
    >>> res.app_iter = ['01234', '567', '89']
    >>> req = Request.blank('/')
    >>> req.range = (1, 5)
    >>> result = req.get_response(res)
    >>> # Because we don't know the length of the app_iter, this
    >>> # doesn't work:
    >>> result.body
    '0123456789'
    >>> print result.content_range
    None
    >>> req.range = (5, None)
    >>> result = req.get_response(res)
    >>> result.body
    '56789'
    >>> result.content_range
    <ContentRange bytes 5-*/10>
    >>> # If we set Content-Length then we can use it with an app_iter
    >>> res.content_length = 10
    >>> req.range = (1, 5)
    >>> result = req.get_response(res)
    >>> result.body
    '1234'
    >>> result.content_range
    <ContentRange bytes 1-6/10>
    >>> # And trying If-modified-since
    >>> res.etag = 'foobar'
    >>> req.if_range = 'foobar'
    >>> req.if_range
    <IfRange etag=foobar, date=*>
    >>> result = req.get_response(res)
    >>> result.content_range
    <ContentRange bytes 1-6/10>
    >>> req.if_range = 'blah'
    >>> result = req.get_response(res)
    >>> result.content_range
    >>> req.if_range = datetime(2005, 1, 1, 12, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
    >>> res.last_modified = datetime(2005, 1, 1, 12, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
    >>> result = req.get_response(res)
    >>> result.content_range
    <ContentRange bytes 1-6/10>
    >>> res.last_modified = datetime(2006, 1, 1, 12, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
    >>> result = req.get_response(res)
    >>> result.content_range

Some tests of exceptions::

    >>> from webob import exc
    >>> res = exc.HTTPNotFound('Not found!')
    >>> res.exception.content_type = 'text/plain'
    >>> res.content_type
    'text/plain'
    >>> res = exc.HTTPNotModified()
    >>> res.headers
    HeaderDict([])