"""
BaseHTTPServer that implements the Python WSGI protocol (PEP 333, rev 1.21).
Adapted from wsgiref.simple_server: http://svn.eby-sarna.com/wsgiref/
This is a simple server for use in testing or debugging Django apps. It hasn't
been reviewed for security issues. Don't use it for production use.
"""
from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
import mimetypes
import os
import re
import stat
import sys
import urllib
from django.utils.http import http_date
__version__ = "0.1"
__all__ = ['WSGIServer','WSGIRequestHandler']
server_version = "WSGIServer/" + __version__
sys_version = "Python/" + sys.version.split()[0]
software_version = server_version + ' ' + sys_version
class WSGIServerException(Exception):
pass
class FileWrapper(object):
"""Wrapper to convert file-like objects to iterables"""
def __init__(self, filelike, blksize=8192):
self.filelike = filelike
self.blksize = blksize
if hasattr(filelike,'close'):
self.close = filelike.close
def __getitem__(self,key):
data = self.filelike.read(self.blksize)
if data:
return data
raise IndexError
def __iter__(self):
return self
def next(self):
data = self.filelike.read(self.blksize)
if data:
return data
raise StopIteration
# Regular expression that matches `special' characters in parameters, the
# existence of which force quoting of the parameter value.
tspecials = re.compile(r'[ \(\)<>@,;:\\"/\[\]\?=]')
def _formatparam(param, value=None, quote=1):
"""Convenience function to format and return a key=value pair.
This will quote the value if needed or if quote is true.
"""
if value is not None and len(value) > 0:
if quote or tspecials.search(value):
value = value.replace('\\', '\\\\').replace('"', r'\"')
return '%s="%s"' % (param, value)
else:
return '%s=%s' % (param, value)
else:
return param
class Headers(object):
"""Manage a collection of HTTP response headers"""
def __init__(self,headers):
if not isinstance(headers, list):
raise TypeError("Headers must be a list of name/value tuples")
self._headers = headers
def __len__(self):
"""Return the total number of headers, including duplicates."""
return len(self._headers)
def __setitem__(self, name, val):
"""Set the value of a header."""
del self[name]
self._headers.append((name, val))
def __delitem__(self,name):
"""Delete all occurrences of a header, if present.
Does *not* raise an exception if the header is missing.
"""
name = name.lower()
self._headers[:] = [kv for kv in self._headers if kv[0].lower()<>name]
def __getitem__(self,name):
"""Get the first header value for 'name'
Return None if the header is missing instead of raising an exception.
Note that if the header appeared multiple times, the first exactly which
occurrance gets returned is undefined. Use getall() to get all
the values matching a header field name.
"""
return self.get(name)
def has_key(self, name):
"""Return true if the message contains the header."""
return self.get(name) is not None
__contains__ = has_key
def get_all(self, name):
"""Return a list of all the values for the named field.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original header
list or were added to this instance, and may contain duplicates. Any
fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header list.
If no fields exist with the given name, returns an empty list.
"""
name = name.lower()
return [kv[1] for kv in self._headers if kv[0].lower()==name]
def get(self,name,default=None):
"""Get the first header value for 'name', or return 'default'"""
name = name.lower()
for k,v in self._headers:
if k.lower()==name:
return v
return default
def keys(self):
"""Return a list of all the header field names.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original header
list, or were added to this instance, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
"""
return [k for k, v in self._headers]
def values(self):
"""Return a list of all header values.
These will be sorted in the order they appeared in the original header
list, or were added to this instance, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
"""
return [v for k, v in self._headers]
def items(self):
"""Get all the header fields and values.
These will be sorted in the order they were in the original header
list, or were added to this instance, and may contain duplicates.
Any fields deleted and re-inserted are always appended to the header
list.
"""
return self._headers[:]
def __repr__(self):
return "Headers(%s)" % `self._headers`
def __str__(self):
"""str() returns the formatted headers, complete with end line,
suitable for direct HTTP transmission."""
return '\r\n'.join(["%s: %s" % kv for kv in self._headers]+['',''])
def setdefault(self,name,value):
"""Return first matching header value for 'name', or 'value'
If there is no header named 'name', add a new header with name 'name'
and value 'value'."""
result = self.get(name)
if result is None:
self._headers.append((name,value))
return value
else:
return result
def add_header(self, _name, _value, **_params):
"""Extended header setting.
_name is the header field to add. keyword arguments can be used to set
additional parameters for the header field, with underscores converted
to dashes. Normally the parameter will be added as key="value" unless
value is None, in which case only the key will be added.
Example:
h.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment', filename='bud.gif')
Note that unlike the corresponding 'email.Message' method, this does
*not* handle '(charset, language, value)' tuples: all values must be
strings or None.
"""
parts = []
if _value is not None:
parts.append(_value)
for k, v in _params.items():
if v is None:
parts.append(k.replace('_', '-'))
else:
parts.append(_formatparam(k.replace('_', '-'), v))
self._headers.append((_name, "; ".join(parts)))
def guess_scheme(environ):
"""Return a guess for whether 'wsgi.url_scheme' should be 'http' or 'https'
"""
if environ.get("HTTPS") in ('yes','on','1'):
return 'https'
else:
return 'http'
_hop_headers = {
'connection':1, 'keep-alive':1, 'proxy-authenticate':1,
'proxy-authorization':1, 'te':1, 'trailers':1, 'transfer-encoding':1,
'upgrade':1
}
def is_hop_by_hop(header_name):
"""Return true if 'header_name' is an HTTP/1.1 "Hop-by-Hop" header"""
return header_name.lower() in _hop_headers
class ServerHandler(object):
"""Manage the invocation of a WSGI application"""
# Configuration parameters; can override per-subclass or per-instance
wsgi_version = (1,0)
wsgi_multithread = True
wsgi_multiprocess = True
wsgi_run_once = False
origin_server = True # We are transmitting direct to client
http_version = "1.0" # Version that should be used for response
server_software = software_version
# os_environ is used to supply configuration from the OS environment:
# by default it's a copy of 'os.environ' as of import time, but you can
# override this in e.g. your __init__ method.
os_environ = dict(os.environ.items())
# Collaborator classes
wsgi_file_wrapper = FileWrapper # set to None to disable
headers_class = Headers # must be a Headers-like class
# Error handling (also per-subclass or per-instance)
traceback_limit = None # Print entire traceback to self.get_stderr()
error_status = "500 INTERNAL SERVER ERROR"
error_headers = [('Content-Type','text/plain')]
# State variables (don't mess with these)
status = result = None
headers_sent = False
headers = None
bytes_sent = 0
def __init__(self, stdin, stdout, stderr, environ, multithread=True,
multiprocess=False):
self.stdin = stdin
self.stdout = stdout
self.stderr = stderr
self.base_env = environ
self.wsgi_multithread = multithread
self.wsgi_multiprocess = multiprocess
def run(self, application):
"""Invoke the application"""
# Note to self: don't move the close()! Asynchronous servers shouldn't
# call close() from finish_response(), so if you close() anywhere but
# the double-error branch here, you'll break asynchronous servers by
# prematurely closing. Async servers must return from 'run()' without
# closing if there might still be output to iterate over.
try:
self.setup_environ()
self.result = application(self.environ, self.start_response)
self.finish_response()
except:
try:
self.handle_error()
except:
# If we get an error handling an error, just give up already!
self.close()
raise # ...and let the actual server figure it out.
def setup_environ(self):
"""Set up the environment for one request"""
env = self.environ = self.os_environ.copy()
self.add_cgi_vars()
env['wsgi.input'] = self.get_stdin()
env['wsgi.errors'] = self.get_stderr()
env['wsgi.version'] = self.wsgi_version
env['wsgi.run_once'] = self.wsgi_run_once
env['wsgi.url_scheme'] = self.get_scheme()
env['wsgi.multithread'] = self.wsgi_multithread
env['wsgi.multiprocess'] = self.wsgi_multiprocess
if self.wsgi_file_wrapper is not None:
env['wsgi.file_wrapper'] = self.wsgi_file_wrapper
if self.origin_server and self.server_software:
env.setdefault('SERVER_SOFTWARE',self.server_software)
def finish_response(self):
"""Send any iterable data, then close self and the iterable
Subclasses intended for use in asynchronous servers will
want to redefine this method, such that it sets up callbacks
in the event loop to iterate over the data, and to call
'self.close()' once the response is finished.
"""
if not self.result_is_file() and not self.sendfile():
for data in self.result:
self.write(data)
self.finish_content()
self.close()
def get_scheme(self):
"""Return the URL scheme being used"""
return guess_scheme(self.environ)
def set_content_length(self):
"""Compute Content-Length or switch to chunked encoding if possible"""
try:
blocks = len(self.result)
except (TypeError, AttributeError, NotImplementedError):
pass
else:
if blocks==1:
self.headers['Content-Length'] = str(self.bytes_sent)
return
# XXX Try for chunked encoding if origin server and client is 1.1
def cleanup_headers(self):
"""Make any necessary header changes or defaults
Subclasses can extend this to add other defaults.
"""
if 'Content-Length' not in self.headers:
self.set_content_length()
def start_response(self, status, headers,exc_info=None):
"""'start_response()' callable as specified by PEP 333"""
if exc_info:
try:
if self.headers_sent:
# Re-raise original exception if headers sent
raise exc_info[0], exc_info[1], exc_info[2]
finally:
exc_info = None # avoid dangling circular ref
elif self.headers is not None:
raise AssertionError("Headers already set!")
assert isinstance(status, str),"Status must be a string"
assert len(status)>=4,"Status must be at least 4 characters"
assert int(status[:3]),"Status message must begin w/3-digit code"
assert status[3]==" ", "Status message must have a space after code"
if __debug__:
for name,val in headers:
assert isinstance(name, str),"Header names must be strings"
assert isinstance(val, str),"Header values must be strings"
assert not is_hop_by_hop(name),"Hop-by-hop headers not allowed"
self.status = status
self.headers = self.headers_class(headers)
return self.write
def send_preamble(self):
"""Transmit version/status/date/server, via self._write()"""
if self.origin_server:
if self.client_is_modern():
self._write('HTTP/%s %s\r\n' % (self.http_version,self.status))
if 'Date' not in self.headers:
self._write(
'Date: %s\r\n' % http_date()
)
if self.server_software and 'Server' not in self.headers:
self._write('Server: %s\r\n' % self.server_software)
else:
self._write('Status: %s\r\n' % self.status)
def write(self, data):
"""'write()' callable as specified by PEP 333"""
assert isinstance(data, str), "write() argument must be string"
if not self.status:
raise AssertionError("write() before start_response()")
elif not self.headers_sent:
# Before the first output, send the stored headers
self.bytes_sent = len(data) # make sure we know content-length
self.send_headers()
else:
self.bytes_sent += len(data)
# XXX check Content-Length and truncate if too many bytes written?
# If data is too large, socket will choke, so write chunks no larger
# than 32MB at a time.
length = len(data)
if length > 33554432:
offset = 0
while offset < length:
chunk_size = min(33554432, length)
self._write(data[offset:offset+chunk_size])
self._flush()
offset += chunk_size
else:
self._write(data)
self._flush()
def sendfile(self):
"""Platform-specific file transmission
Override this method in subclasses to support platform-specific
file transmission. It is only called if the application's
return iterable ('self.result') is an instance of
'self.wsgi_file_wrapper'.
This method should return a true value if it was able to actually
transmit the wrapped file-like object using a platform-specific
approach. It should return a false value if normal iteration
should be used instead. An exception can be raised to indicate
that transmission was attempted, but failed.
NOTE: this method should call 'self.send_headers()' if
'self.headers_sent' is false and it is going to attempt direct
transmission of the file1.
"""
return False # No platform-specific transmission by default
def finish_content(self):
"""Ensure headers and content have both been sent"""
if not self.headers_sent:
self.headers['Content-Length'] = "0"
self.send_headers()
else:
pass # XXX check if content-length was too short?
def close(self):
try:
self.request_handler.log_request(self.status.split(' ',1)[0], self.bytes_sent)
finally:
try:
if hasattr(self.result,'close'):
self.result.close()
finally:
self.result = self.headers = self.status = self.environ = None
self.bytes_sent = 0; self.headers_sent = False
def send_headers(self):
"""Transmit headers to the client, via self._write()"""
self.cleanup_headers()
self.headers_sent = True
if not self.origin_server or self.client_is_modern():
self.send_preamble()
self._write(str(self.headers))
def result_is_file(self):
"""True if 'self.result' is an instance of 'self.wsgi_file_wrapper'"""
wrapper = self.wsgi_file_wrapper
return wrapper is not None and isinstance(self.result,wrapper)
def client_is_modern(self):
"""True if client can accept status and headers"""
return self.environ['SERVER_PROTOCOL'].upper() != 'HTTP/0.9'
def log_exception(self,exc_info):
"""Log the 'exc_info' tuple in the server log
Subclasses may override to retarget the output or change its format.
"""
try:
from traceback import print_exception
stderr = self.get_stderr()
print_exception(
exc_info[0], exc_info[1], exc_info[2],
self.traceback_limit, stderr
)
stderr.flush()
finally:
exc_info = None
def handle_error(self):
"""Log current error, and send error output to client if possible"""
self.log_exception(sys.exc_info())
if not self.headers_sent:
self.result = self.error_output(self.environ, self.start_response)
self.finish_response()
# XXX else: attempt advanced recovery techniques for HTML or text?
def error_output(self, environ, start_response):
import traceback
start_response(self.error_status, self.error_headers[:], sys.exc_info())
return ['\n'.join(traceback.format_exception(*sys.exc_info()))]
# Pure abstract methods; *must* be overridden in subclasses
def _write(self,data):
self.stdout.write(data)
self._write = self.stdout.write
def _flush(self):
self.stdout.flush()
self._flush = self.stdout.flush
def get_stdin(self):
return self.stdin
def get_stderr(self):
return self.stderr
def add_cgi_vars(self):
self.environ.update(self.base_env)
class WSGIServer(HTTPServer):
"""BaseHTTPServer that implements the Python WSGI protocol"""
application = None
def server_bind(self):
"""Override server_bind to store the server name."""
try:
HTTPServer.server_bind(self)
except Exception, e:
raise WSGIServerException, e
self.setup_environ()
def setup_environ(self):
# Set up base environment
env = self.base_environ = {}
env['SERVER_NAME'] = self.server_name
env['GATEWAY_INTERFACE'] = 'CGI/1.1'
env['SERVER_PORT'] = str(self.server_port)
env['REMOTE_HOST']=''
env['CONTENT_LENGTH']=''
env['SCRIPT_NAME'] = ''
def get_app(self):
return self.application
def set_app(self,application):
self.application = application
class WSGIRequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
server_version = "WSGIServer/" + __version__
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
from django.conf import settings
self.admin_media_prefix = settings.ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX
# We set self.path to avoid crashes in log_message() on unsupported
# requests (like "OPTIONS").
self.path = ''
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
def get_environ(self):
env = self.server.base_environ.copy()
env['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] = self.request_version
env['REQUEST_METHOD'] = self.command
if '?' in self.path:
path,query = self.path.split('?',1)
else:
path,query = self.path,''
env['PATH_INFO'] = urllib.unquote(path)
env['QUERY_STRING'] = query
env['REMOTE_ADDR'] = self.client_address[0]
if self.headers.typeheader is None:
env['CONTENT_TYPE'] = self.headers.type
else:
env['CONTENT_TYPE'] = self.headers.typeheader
length = self.headers.getheader('content-length')
if length:
env['CONTENT_LENGTH'] = length
for h in self.headers.headers:
k,v = h.split(':',1)
k=k.replace('-','_').upper(); v=v.strip()
if k in env:
continue # skip content length, type,etc.
if 'HTTP_'+k in env:
env['HTTP_'+k] += ','+v # comma-separate multiple headers
else:
env['HTTP_'+k] = v
return env
def get_stderr(self):
return sys.stderr
def handle(self):
"""Handle a single HTTP request"""
self.raw_requestline = self.rfile.readline()
if not self.parse_request(): # An error code has been sent, just exit
return
handler = ServerHandler(self.rfile, self.wfile, self.get_stderr(), self.get_environ())
handler.request_handler = self # backpointer for logging
handler.run(self.server.get_app())
def log_message(self, format, *args):
# Don't bother logging requests for admin images or the favicon.
if self.path.startswith(self.admin_media_prefix) or self.path == '/favicon.ico':
return
sys.stderr.write("[%s] %s\n" % (self.log_date_time_string(), format % args))
class AdminMediaHandler(object):
"""
WSGI middleware that intercepts calls to the admin media directory, as
defined by the ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX setting, and serves those images.
Use this ONLY LOCALLY, for development! This hasn't been tested for
security and is not super efficient.
"""
def __init__(self, application, media_dir=None):
from django.conf import settings
self.application = application
if not media_dir:
import django
self.media_dir = django.__path__[0] + '/contrib/admin/media'
else:
self.media_dir = media_dir
self.media_url = settings.ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX
def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
import os.path
# Ignore requests that aren't under ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX. Also ignore
# all requests if ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX isn't a relative URL.
if self.media_url.startswith('http://') or self.media_url.startswith('https://') \
or not environ['PATH_INFO'].startswith(self.media_url):
return self.application(environ, start_response)
# Find the admin file and serve it up, if it exists and is readable.
relative_url = environ['PATH_INFO'][len(self.media_url):]
file_path = os.path.join(self.media_dir, relative_url)
if not os.path.exists(file_path):
status = '404 NOT FOUND'
headers = {'Content-type': 'text/plain'}
output = ['Page not found: %s' % file_path]
else:
try:
fp = open(file_path, 'rb')
except IOError:
status = '401 UNAUTHORIZED'
headers = {'Content-type': 'text/plain'}
output = ['Permission denied: %s' % file_path]
else:
# This is a very simple implementation of conditional GET with
# the Last-Modified header. It makes media files a bit speedier
# because the files are only read off disk for the first
# request (assuming the browser/client supports conditional
# GET).
mtime = http_date(os.stat(file_path)[stat.ST_MTIME])
headers = {'Last-Modified': mtime}
if environ.get('HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE', None) == mtime:
status = '304 NOT MODIFIED'
output = []
else:
status = '200 OK'
mime_type = mimetypes.guess_type(file_path)[0]
if mime_type:
headers['Content-Type'] = mime_type
output = [fp.read()]
fp.close()
start_response(status, headers.items())
return output
def run(addr, port, wsgi_handler):
server_address = (addr, port)
httpd = WSGIServer(server_address, WSGIRequestHandler)
httpd.set_app(wsgi_handler)
httpd.serve_forever()