app/django/contrib/gis/tests/test_geos.py
changeset 323 ff1a9aa48cfd
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/app/django/contrib/gis/tests/test_geos.py	Tue Oct 14 16:00:59 2008 +0000
@@ -0,0 +1,775 @@
+import random, unittest, sys
+from ctypes import ArgumentError
+from django.contrib.gis.geos import *
+from django.contrib.gis.geos.base import HAS_GDAL
+from django.contrib.gis.tests.geometries import *
+    
+if HAS_NUMPY: from numpy import array
+if HAS_GDAL: from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeometry, SpatialReference, CoordTransform, GEOJSON
+
+class GEOSTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    @property
+    def null_srid(self):
+        """
+        Returns the proper null SRID depending on the GEOS version.
+        See the comments in `test15_srid` for more details. 
+        """
+        info = geos_version_info()
+        if info['version'] == '3.0.0' and info['release_candidate']:
+            return -1
+        else:
+            return None
+
+    def test01a_wkt(self):
+        "Testing WKT output."
+        for g in wkt_out:
+            geom = fromstr(g.wkt)
+            self.assertEqual(g.ewkt, geom.wkt)
+
+    def test01b_hex(self):
+        "Testing HEX output."
+        for g in hex_wkt:
+            geom = fromstr(g.wkt)
+            self.assertEqual(g.hex, geom.hex)
+
+    def test01c_kml(self):
+        "Testing KML output."
+        for tg in wkt_out:
+            geom = fromstr(tg.wkt)
+            kml = getattr(tg, 'kml', False)
+            if kml: self.assertEqual(kml, geom.kml)
+
+    def test01d_errors(self):
+        "Testing the Error handlers."
+        # string-based
+        print "\nBEGIN - expecting GEOS_ERROR; safe to ignore.\n"
+        for err in errors:
+            try:
+                g = fromstr(err.wkt)
+            except (GEOSException, ValueError):
+                pass
+        print "\nEND - expecting GEOS_ERROR; safe to ignore.\n"
+        
+        class NotAGeometry(object):
+            pass
+        
+        # Some other object
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, GEOSGeometry, NotAGeometry())
+        # None
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, GEOSGeometry, None)
+        # Bad WKB
+        self.assertRaises(GEOSException, GEOSGeometry, buffer('0'))
+                
+    def test01e_wkb(self):
+        "Testing WKB output."
+        from binascii import b2a_hex
+        for g in hex_wkt:
+            geom = fromstr(g.wkt)
+            wkb = geom.wkb
+            self.assertEqual(b2a_hex(wkb).upper(), g.hex)
+
+    def test01f_create_hex(self):
+        "Testing creation from HEX."
+        for g in hex_wkt:
+            geom_h = GEOSGeometry(g.hex)
+            # we need to do this so decimal places get normalised
+            geom_t = fromstr(g.wkt)
+            self.assertEqual(geom_t.wkt, geom_h.wkt)
+
+    def test01g_create_wkb(self):
+        "Testing creation from WKB."
+        from binascii import a2b_hex
+        for g in hex_wkt:
+            wkb = buffer(a2b_hex(g.hex))
+            geom_h = GEOSGeometry(wkb)
+            # we need to do this so decimal places get normalised
+            geom_t = fromstr(g.wkt)
+            self.assertEqual(geom_t.wkt, geom_h.wkt)
+
+    def test01h_ewkt(self):
+        "Testing EWKT."
+        srid = 32140
+        for p in polygons:
+            ewkt = 'SRID=%d;%s' % (srid, p.wkt)
+            poly = fromstr(ewkt)
+            self.assertEqual(srid, poly.srid)
+            self.assertEqual(srid, poly.shell.srid)
+            self.assertEqual(srid, fromstr(poly.ewkt).srid) # Checking export
+    
+    def test01i_json(self):
+        "Testing GeoJSON input/output (via GDAL)."
+        if not HAS_GDAL or not GEOJSON: return
+        for g in json_geoms:
+            geom = GEOSGeometry(g.wkt)
+            self.assertEqual(g.json, geom.json)
+            self.assertEqual(g.json, geom.geojson)
+            self.assertEqual(GEOSGeometry(g.wkt), GEOSGeometry(geom.json))
+
+    def test01j_eq(self):
+        "Testing equivalence."
+        p = fromstr('POINT(5 23)')
+        self.assertEqual(p, p.wkt)
+        self.assertNotEqual(p, 'foo')
+        ls = fromstr('LINESTRING(0 0, 1 1, 5 5)')
+        self.assertEqual(ls, ls.wkt)
+        self.assertNotEqual(p, 'bar')
+        # Error shouldn't be raise on equivalence testing with 
+        # an invalid type.
+        for g in (p, ls):
+            self.assertNotEqual(g, None)
+            self.assertNotEqual(g, {'foo' : 'bar'})
+            self.assertNotEqual(g, False)
+
+    def test02a_points(self):
+        "Testing Point objects."
+        prev = fromstr('POINT(0 0)')
+        for p in points:
+            # Creating the point from the WKT
+            pnt = fromstr(p.wkt)
+            self.assertEqual(pnt.geom_type, 'Point')
+            self.assertEqual(pnt.geom_typeid, 0)
+            self.assertEqual(p.x, pnt.x)
+            self.assertEqual(p.y, pnt.y)
+            self.assertEqual(True, pnt == fromstr(p.wkt))
+            self.assertEqual(False, pnt == prev)
+
+            # Making sure that the point's X, Y components are what we expect
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(p.x, pnt.tuple[0], 9)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(p.y, pnt.tuple[1], 9)
+
+            # Testing the third dimension, and getting the tuple arguments
+            if hasattr(p, 'z'):
+                self.assertEqual(True, pnt.hasz)
+                self.assertEqual(p.z, pnt.z)
+                self.assertEqual(p.z, pnt.tuple[2], 9)
+                tup_args = (p.x, p.y, p.z)
+                set_tup1 = (2.71, 3.14, 5.23)
+                set_tup2 = (5.23, 2.71, 3.14)
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(False, pnt.hasz)
+                self.assertEqual(None, pnt.z)
+                tup_args = (p.x, p.y)
+                set_tup1 = (2.71, 3.14)
+                set_tup2 = (3.14, 2.71)
+
+            # Centroid operation on point should be point itself
+            self.assertEqual(p.centroid, pnt.centroid.tuple)
+
+            # Now testing the different constructors
+            pnt2 = Point(tup_args)  # e.g., Point((1, 2))
+            pnt3 = Point(*tup_args) # e.g., Point(1, 2)
+            self.assertEqual(True, pnt == pnt2)
+            self.assertEqual(True, pnt == pnt3)
+
+            # Now testing setting the x and y
+            pnt.y = 3.14
+            pnt.x = 2.71
+            self.assertEqual(3.14, pnt.y)
+            self.assertEqual(2.71, pnt.x)
+
+            # Setting via the tuple/coords property
+            pnt.tuple = set_tup1
+            self.assertEqual(set_tup1, pnt.tuple)
+            pnt.coords = set_tup2
+            self.assertEqual(set_tup2, pnt.coords)
+            
+            prev = pnt # setting the previous geometry
+
+    def test02b_multipoints(self):
+        "Testing MultiPoint objects."
+        for mp in multipoints:
+            mpnt = fromstr(mp.wkt)
+            self.assertEqual(mpnt.geom_type, 'MultiPoint')
+            self.assertEqual(mpnt.geom_typeid, 4)
+
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(mp.centroid[0], mpnt.centroid.tuple[0], 9)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(mp.centroid[1], mpnt.centroid.tuple[1], 9)
+
+            self.assertRaises(GEOSIndexError, mpnt.__getitem__, len(mpnt))
+            self.assertEqual(mp.centroid, mpnt.centroid.tuple)
+            self.assertEqual(mp.points, tuple(m.tuple for m in mpnt))
+            for p in mpnt:
+                self.assertEqual(p.geom_type, 'Point')
+                self.assertEqual(p.geom_typeid, 0)
+                self.assertEqual(p.empty, False)
+                self.assertEqual(p.valid, True)
+
+    def test03a_linestring(self):
+        "Testing LineString objects."
+        prev = fromstr('POINT(0 0)')
+        for l in linestrings:
+            ls = fromstr(l.wkt)
+            self.assertEqual(ls.geom_type, 'LineString')
+            self.assertEqual(ls.geom_typeid, 1)
+            self.assertEqual(ls.empty, False)
+            self.assertEqual(ls.ring, False)
+            if hasattr(l, 'centroid'):
+                self.assertEqual(l.centroid, ls.centroid.tuple)
+            if hasattr(l, 'tup'):
+                self.assertEqual(l.tup, ls.tuple)
+                
+            self.assertEqual(True, ls == fromstr(l.wkt))
+            self.assertEqual(False, ls == prev)
+            self.assertRaises(GEOSIndexError, ls.__getitem__, len(ls))
+            prev = ls
+
+            # Creating a LineString from a tuple, list, and numpy array
+            self.assertEqual(ls, LineString(ls.tuple))  # tuple
+            self.assertEqual(ls, LineString(*ls.tuple)) # as individual arguments
+            self.assertEqual(ls, LineString([list(tup) for tup in ls.tuple])) # as list
+            self.assertEqual(ls.wkt, LineString(*tuple(Point(tup) for tup in ls.tuple)).wkt) # Point individual arguments
+            if HAS_NUMPY: self.assertEqual(ls, LineString(array(ls.tuple))) # as numpy array
+
+    def test03b_multilinestring(self):
+        "Testing MultiLineString objects."
+        prev = fromstr('POINT(0 0)')
+        for l in multilinestrings:
+            ml = fromstr(l.wkt)
+            self.assertEqual(ml.geom_type, 'MultiLineString')
+            self.assertEqual(ml.geom_typeid, 5)
+
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(l.centroid[0], ml.centroid.x, 9)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(l.centroid[1], ml.centroid.y, 9)
+
+            self.assertEqual(True, ml == fromstr(l.wkt))
+            self.assertEqual(False, ml == prev)
+            prev = ml
+
+            for ls in ml:
+                self.assertEqual(ls.geom_type, 'LineString')
+                self.assertEqual(ls.geom_typeid, 1)
+                self.assertEqual(ls.empty, False)
+
+            self.assertRaises(GEOSIndexError, ml.__getitem__, len(ml))
+            self.assertEqual(ml.wkt, MultiLineString(*tuple(s.clone() for s in ml)).wkt)
+            self.assertEqual(ml, MultiLineString(*tuple(LineString(s.tuple) for s in ml)))
+
+    def test04_linearring(self):
+        "Testing LinearRing objects."
+        for rr in linearrings:
+            lr = fromstr(rr.wkt)
+            self.assertEqual(lr.geom_type, 'LinearRing')
+            self.assertEqual(lr.geom_typeid, 2)
+            self.assertEqual(rr.n_p, len(lr))
+            self.assertEqual(True, lr.valid)
+            self.assertEqual(False, lr.empty)
+
+            # Creating a LinearRing from a tuple, list, and numpy array
+            self.assertEqual(lr, LinearRing(lr.tuple))
+            self.assertEqual(lr, LinearRing(*lr.tuple))
+            self.assertEqual(lr, LinearRing([list(tup) for tup in lr.tuple]))
+            if HAS_NUMPY: self.assertEqual(lr, LinearRing(array(lr.tuple)))
+    
+    def test05a_polygons(self):
+        "Testing Polygon objects."
+        prev = fromstr('POINT(0 0)')
+        for p in polygons:
+            # Creating the Polygon, testing its properties.
+            poly = fromstr(p.wkt)
+            self.assertEqual(poly.geom_type, 'Polygon')
+            self.assertEqual(poly.geom_typeid, 3)
+            self.assertEqual(poly.empty, False)
+            self.assertEqual(poly.ring, False)
+            self.assertEqual(p.n_i, poly.num_interior_rings)
+            self.assertEqual(p.n_i + 1, len(poly)) # Testing __len__
+            self.assertEqual(p.n_p, poly.num_points)
+
+            # Area & Centroid
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(p.area, poly.area, 9)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(p.centroid[0], poly.centroid.tuple[0], 9)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(p.centroid[1], poly.centroid.tuple[1], 9)
+
+            # Testing the geometry equivalence
+            self.assertEqual(True, poly == fromstr(p.wkt))
+            self.assertEqual(False, poly == prev) # Should not be equal to previous geometry
+            self.assertEqual(True, poly != prev)
+
+            # Testing the exterior ring
+            ring = poly.exterior_ring
+            self.assertEqual(ring.geom_type, 'LinearRing')
+            self.assertEqual(ring.geom_typeid, 2)
+            if p.ext_ring_cs:
+                self.assertEqual(p.ext_ring_cs, ring.tuple)
+                self.assertEqual(p.ext_ring_cs, poly[0].tuple) # Testing __getitem__
+
+            # Testing __getitem__ and __setitem__ on invalid indices
+            self.assertRaises(GEOSIndexError, poly.__getitem__, len(poly))
+            self.assertRaises(GEOSIndexError, poly.__setitem__, len(poly), False)
+            self.assertRaises(GEOSIndexError, poly.__getitem__, -1)
+
+            # Testing __iter__ 
+            for r in poly:
+                self.assertEqual(r.geom_type, 'LinearRing')
+                self.assertEqual(r.geom_typeid, 2)
+
+            # Testing polygon construction.
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, Polygon.__init__, 0, [1, 2, 3])
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, Polygon.__init__, 'foo')
+            
+            # Polygon(shell, (hole1, ... holeN))
+            rings = tuple(r for r in poly)
+            self.assertEqual(poly, Polygon(rings[0], rings[1:]))
+            
+            # Polygon(shell_tuple, hole_tuple1, ... , hole_tupleN)
+            ring_tuples = tuple(r.tuple for r in poly)
+            self.assertEqual(poly, Polygon(*ring_tuples))
+
+            # Constructing with tuples of LinearRings.
+            self.assertEqual(poly.wkt, Polygon(*tuple(r for r in poly)).wkt)
+            self.assertEqual(poly.wkt, Polygon(*tuple(LinearRing(r.tuple) for r in poly)).wkt)
+
+    def test05b_multipolygons(self):
+        "Testing MultiPolygon objects."
+        print "\nBEGIN - expecting GEOS_NOTICE; safe to ignore.\n"
+        prev = fromstr('POINT (0 0)')
+        for mp in multipolygons:
+            mpoly = fromstr(mp.wkt)
+            self.assertEqual(mpoly.geom_type, 'MultiPolygon')
+            self.assertEqual(mpoly.geom_typeid, 6)
+            self.assertEqual(mp.valid, mpoly.valid)
+
+            if mp.valid:
+                self.assertEqual(mp.num_geom, mpoly.num_geom)
+                self.assertEqual(mp.n_p, mpoly.num_coords)
+                self.assertEqual(mp.num_geom, len(mpoly))
+                self.assertRaises(GEOSIndexError, mpoly.__getitem__, len(mpoly))
+                for p in mpoly:
+                    self.assertEqual(p.geom_type, 'Polygon')
+                    self.assertEqual(p.geom_typeid, 3)
+                    self.assertEqual(p.valid, True)
+                self.assertEqual(mpoly.wkt, MultiPolygon(*tuple(poly.clone() for poly in mpoly)).wkt)
+
+        print "\nEND - expecting GEOS_NOTICE; safe to ignore.\n"  
+
+    def test06a_memory_hijinks(self):
+        "Testing Geometry __del__() on rings and polygons."
+        #### Memory issues with rings and polygons
+
+        # These tests are needed to ensure sanity with writable geometries.
+
+        # Getting a polygon with interior rings, and pulling out the interior rings
+        poly = fromstr(polygons[1].wkt)
+        ring1 = poly[0]
+        ring2 = poly[1]
+
+        # These deletes should be 'harmless' since they are done on child geometries
+        del ring1 
+        del ring2
+        ring1 = poly[0]
+        ring2 = poly[1]
+
+        # Deleting the polygon
+        del poly
+
+        # Access to these rings is OK since they are clones.
+        s1, s2 = str(ring1), str(ring2)
+
+        # The previous hijinks tests are now moot because only clones are 
+        # now used =)
+
+    def test08_coord_seq(self):
+        "Testing Coordinate Sequence objects."
+        for p in polygons:
+            if p.ext_ring_cs:
+                # Constructing the polygon and getting the coordinate sequence
+                poly = fromstr(p.wkt)
+                cs = poly.exterior_ring.coord_seq
+
+                self.assertEqual(p.ext_ring_cs, cs.tuple) # done in the Polygon test too.
+                self.assertEqual(len(p.ext_ring_cs), len(cs)) # Making sure __len__ works
+
+                # Checks __getitem__ and __setitem__
+                for i in xrange(len(p.ext_ring_cs)):
+                    c1 = p.ext_ring_cs[i] # Expected value
+                    c2 = cs[i] # Value from coordseq
+                    self.assertEqual(c1, c2)
+
+                    # Constructing the test value to set the coordinate sequence with
+                    if len(c1) == 2: tset = (5, 23)
+                    else: tset = (5, 23, 8)
+                    cs[i] = tset
+                    
+                    # Making sure every set point matches what we expect
+                    for j in range(len(tset)):
+                        cs[i] = tset
+                        self.assertEqual(tset[j], cs[i][j])
+
+    def test09_relate_pattern(self):
+        "Testing relate() and relate_pattern()."
+        g = fromstr('POINT (0 0)')
+        self.assertRaises(GEOSException, g.relate_pattern, 0, 'invalid pattern, yo')
+        for i in xrange(len(relate_geoms)):
+            g_tup = relate_geoms[i]
+            a = fromstr(g_tup[0].wkt)
+            b = fromstr(g_tup[1].wkt)
+            pat = g_tup[2]
+            result = g_tup[3]
+            self.assertEqual(result, a.relate_pattern(b, pat))
+            self.assertEqual(pat, a.relate(b))
+
+    def test10_intersection(self):
+        "Testing intersects() and intersection()."
+        for i in xrange(len(topology_geoms)):
+            g_tup = topology_geoms[i]
+            a = fromstr(g_tup[0].wkt)
+            b = fromstr(g_tup[1].wkt)
+            i1 = fromstr(intersect_geoms[i].wkt) 
+            self.assertEqual(True, a.intersects(b))
+            i2 = a.intersection(b)
+            self.assertEqual(i1, i2)
+            self.assertEqual(i1, a & b) # __and__ is intersection operator
+            a &= b # testing __iand__
+            self.assertEqual(i1, a)
+
+    def test11_union(self):
+        "Testing union()."
+        for i in xrange(len(topology_geoms)):
+            g_tup = topology_geoms[i]
+            a = fromstr(g_tup[0].wkt)
+            b = fromstr(g_tup[1].wkt)
+            u1 = fromstr(union_geoms[i].wkt)
+            u2 = a.union(b)
+            self.assertEqual(u1, u2)
+            self.assertEqual(u1, a | b) # __or__ is union operator
+            a |= b # testing __ior__
+            self.assertEqual(u1, a) 
+
+    def test12_difference(self):
+        "Testing difference()."
+        for i in xrange(len(topology_geoms)):
+            g_tup = topology_geoms[i]
+            a = fromstr(g_tup[0].wkt)
+            b = fromstr(g_tup[1].wkt)
+            d1 = fromstr(diff_geoms[i].wkt)
+            d2 = a.difference(b)
+            self.assertEqual(d1, d2)
+            self.assertEqual(d1, a - b) # __sub__ is difference operator
+            a -= b # testing __isub__
+            self.assertEqual(d1, a)
+
+    def test13_symdifference(self):
+        "Testing sym_difference()."
+        for i in xrange(len(topology_geoms)):
+            g_tup = topology_geoms[i]
+            a = fromstr(g_tup[0].wkt)
+            b = fromstr(g_tup[1].wkt)
+            d1 = fromstr(sdiff_geoms[i].wkt)
+            d2 = a.sym_difference(b)
+            self.assertEqual(d1, d2)
+            self.assertEqual(d1, a ^ b) # __xor__ is symmetric difference operator
+            a ^= b # testing __ixor__
+            self.assertEqual(d1, a)
+
+    def test14_buffer(self):
+        "Testing buffer()."
+        for i in xrange(len(buffer_geoms)):
+            g_tup = buffer_geoms[i]
+            g = fromstr(g_tup[0].wkt)
+
+            # The buffer we expect
+            exp_buf = fromstr(g_tup[1].wkt)
+
+            # Can't use a floating-point for the number of quadsegs.
+            self.assertRaises(ArgumentError, g.buffer, g_tup[2], float(g_tup[3]))
+
+            # Constructing our buffer
+            buf = g.buffer(g_tup[2], g_tup[3])
+            self.assertEqual(exp_buf.num_coords, buf.num_coords)
+            self.assertEqual(len(exp_buf), len(buf))
+
+            # Now assuring that each point in the buffer is almost equal
+            for j in xrange(len(exp_buf)):
+                exp_ring = exp_buf[j]
+                buf_ring = buf[j]
+                self.assertEqual(len(exp_ring), len(buf_ring))
+                for k in xrange(len(exp_ring)):
+                    # Asserting the X, Y of each point are almost equal (due to floating point imprecision)
+                    self.assertAlmostEqual(exp_ring[k][0], buf_ring[k][0], 9)
+                    self.assertAlmostEqual(exp_ring[k][1], buf_ring[k][1], 9)
+
+    def test15_srid(self):
+        "Testing the SRID property and keyword."
+        # Testing SRID keyword on Point
+        pnt = Point(5, 23, srid=4326)
+        self.assertEqual(4326, pnt.srid)
+        pnt.srid = 3084
+        self.assertEqual(3084, pnt.srid)
+        self.assertRaises(ArgumentError, pnt.set_srid, '4326')
+
+        # Testing SRID keyword on fromstr(), and on Polygon rings.
+        poly = fromstr(polygons[1].wkt, srid=4269)
+        self.assertEqual(4269, poly.srid)
+        for ring in poly: self.assertEqual(4269, ring.srid)
+        poly.srid = 4326
+        self.assertEqual(4326, poly.shell.srid)
+
+        # Testing SRID keyword on GeometryCollection
+        gc = GeometryCollection(Point(5, 23), LineString((0, 0), (1.5, 1.5), (3, 3)), srid=32021)
+        self.assertEqual(32021, gc.srid)
+        for i in range(len(gc)): self.assertEqual(32021, gc[i].srid)
+
+        # GEOS may get the SRID from HEXEWKB
+        # 'POINT(5 23)' at SRID=4326 in hex form -- obtained from PostGIS
+        # using `SELECT GeomFromText('POINT (5 23)', 4326);`.
+        hex = '0101000020E610000000000000000014400000000000003740'
+        p1 = fromstr(hex)
+        self.assertEqual(4326, p1.srid)
+
+        # In GEOS 3.0.0rc1-4  when the EWKB and/or HEXEWKB is exported,
+        # the SRID information is lost and set to -1 -- this is not a
+        # problem on the 3.0.0 version (another reason to upgrade).  
+        exp_srid = self.null_srid
+
+        p2 = fromstr(p1.hex)
+        self.assertEqual(exp_srid, p2.srid)
+        p3 = fromstr(p1.hex, srid=-1) # -1 is intended.
+        self.assertEqual(-1, p3.srid)
+
+    def test16_mutable_geometries(self):
+        "Testing the mutability of Polygons and Geometry Collections."
+        ### Testing the mutability of Polygons ###
+        for p in polygons:
+            poly = fromstr(p.wkt)
+
+            # Should only be able to use __setitem__ with LinearRing geometries.
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, poly.__setitem__, 0, LineString((1, 1), (2, 2)))
+
+            # Constructing the new shell by adding 500 to every point in the old shell.
+            shell_tup = poly.shell.tuple
+            new_coords = []
+            for point in shell_tup: new_coords.append((point[0] + 500., point[1] + 500.))
+            new_shell = LinearRing(*tuple(new_coords))
+
+            # Assigning polygon's exterior ring w/the new shell
+            poly.exterior_ring = new_shell
+            s = str(new_shell) # new shell is still accessible
+            self.assertEqual(poly.exterior_ring, new_shell)
+            self.assertEqual(poly[0], new_shell)
+
+        ### Testing the mutability of Geometry Collections
+        for tg in multipoints:
+            mp = fromstr(tg.wkt)
+            for i in range(len(mp)):
+                # Creating a random point.
+                pnt = mp[i]
+                new = Point(random.randint(1, 100), random.randint(1, 100))
+                # Testing the assignment
+                mp[i] = new
+                s = str(new) # what was used for the assignment is still accessible
+                self.assertEqual(mp[i], new)
+                self.assertEqual(mp[i].wkt, new.wkt)
+                self.assertNotEqual(pnt, mp[i])
+
+        # MultiPolygons involve much more memory management because each
+        # Polygon w/in the collection has its own rings.
+        for tg in multipolygons:
+            mpoly = fromstr(tg.wkt)
+            for i in xrange(len(mpoly)):
+                poly = mpoly[i]
+                old_poly = mpoly[i]
+                # Offsetting the each ring in the polygon by 500.
+                for j in xrange(len(poly)):
+                    r = poly[j]
+                    for k in xrange(len(r)): r[k] = (r[k][0] + 500., r[k][1] + 500.)
+                    poly[j] = r
+                
+                self.assertNotEqual(mpoly[i], poly)
+                # Testing the assignment
+                mpoly[i] = poly
+                s = str(poly) # Still accessible
+                self.assertEqual(mpoly[i], poly)
+                self.assertNotEqual(mpoly[i], old_poly)
+
+        # Extreme (!!) __setitem__ -- no longer works, have to detect
+        # in the first object that __setitem__ is called in the subsequent
+        # objects -- maybe mpoly[0, 0, 0] = (3.14, 2.71)?
+        #mpoly[0][0][0] = (3.14, 2.71)
+        #self.assertEqual((3.14, 2.71), mpoly[0][0][0])
+        # Doing it more slowly..
+        #self.assertEqual((3.14, 2.71), mpoly[0].shell[0])
+        #del mpoly
+    
+    def test17_threed(self):
+        "Testing three-dimensional geometries."
+        # Testing a 3D Point
+        pnt = Point(2, 3, 8)
+        self.assertEqual((2.,3.,8.), pnt.coords)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, pnt.set_coords, (1.,2.))
+        pnt.coords = (1.,2.,3.)
+        self.assertEqual((1.,2.,3.), pnt.coords)
+
+        # Testing a 3D LineString
+        ls = LineString((2., 3., 8.), (50., 250., -117.))
+        self.assertEqual(((2.,3.,8.), (50.,250.,-117.)), ls.tuple)
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ls.__setitem__, 0, (1.,2.))
+        ls[0] = (1.,2.,3.)
+        self.assertEqual((1.,2.,3.), ls[0])
+            
+    def test18_distance(self):
+        "Testing the distance() function."
+        # Distance to self should be 0. 
+        pnt = Point(0, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(0.0, pnt.distance(Point(0, 0)))
+    
+        # Distance should be 1
+        self.assertEqual(1.0, pnt.distance(Point(0, 1)))
+
+        # Distance should be ~ sqrt(2)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(1.41421356237, pnt.distance(Point(1, 1)), 11)
+
+        # Distances are from the closest vertex in each geometry --
+        #  should be 3 (distance from (2, 2) to (5, 2)).
+        ls1 = LineString((0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2))
+        ls2 = LineString((5, 2), (6, 1), (7, 0))
+        self.assertEqual(3, ls1.distance(ls2))
+
+    def test19_length(self):
+        "Testing the length property."
+        # Points have 0 length.
+        pnt = Point(0, 0)
+        self.assertEqual(0.0, pnt.length)
+        
+        # Should be ~ sqrt(2)
+        ls = LineString((0, 0), (1, 1))
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(1.41421356237, ls.length, 11)
+
+        # Should be circumfrence of Polygon
+        poly = Polygon(LinearRing((0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (1, 0), (0, 0)))
+        self.assertEqual(4.0, poly.length)
+
+        # Should be sum of each element's length in collection.
+        mpoly = MultiPolygon(poly.clone(), poly)
+        self.assertEqual(8.0, mpoly.length)
+
+    def test20_emptyCollections(self):
+        "Testing empty geometries and collections."
+        gc1 = GeometryCollection([])
+        gc2 = fromstr('GEOMETRYCOLLECTION EMPTY')
+        pnt = fromstr('POINT EMPTY')
+        ls = fromstr('LINESTRING EMPTY')
+        poly = fromstr('POLYGON EMPTY')
+        mls = fromstr('MULTILINESTRING EMPTY')
+        mpoly1 = fromstr('MULTIPOLYGON EMPTY')
+        mpoly2 = MultiPolygon(())
+
+        for g in [gc1, gc2, pnt, ls, poly, mls, mpoly1, mpoly2]:
+            self.assertEqual(True, g.empty)
+
+            # Testing len() and num_geom.
+            if isinstance(g, Polygon):
+                self.assertEqual(1, len(g)) # Has one empty linear ring
+                self.assertEqual(1, g.num_geom)
+                self.assertEqual(0, len(g[0]))
+            elif isinstance(g, (Point, LineString)):
+                self.assertEqual(1, g.num_geom)
+                self.assertEqual(0, len(g))
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(0, g.num_geom)
+                self.assertEqual(0, len(g))
+
+            # Testing __getitem__ (doesn't work on Point or Polygon)
+            if isinstance(g, Point):
+                self.assertRaises(GEOSIndexError, g.get_x)
+            elif isinstance(g, Polygon):
+                lr = g.shell
+                self.assertEqual('LINEARRING EMPTY', lr.wkt)
+                self.assertEqual(0, len(lr))
+                self.assertEqual(True, lr.empty)
+                self.assertRaises(GEOSIndexError, lr.__getitem__, 0)
+            else:
+                self.assertRaises(GEOSIndexError, g.__getitem__, 0)
+
+    def test21_test_gdal(self):
+        "Testing `ogr` and `srs` properties."
+        if not HAS_GDAL: return
+        g1 = fromstr('POINT(5 23)')
+        self.assertEqual(True, isinstance(g1.ogr, OGRGeometry))
+        self.assertEqual(g1.srs, None)
+        
+        g2 = fromstr('LINESTRING(0 0, 5 5, 23 23)', srid=4326)
+        self.assertEqual(True, isinstance(g2.ogr, OGRGeometry))
+        self.assertEqual(True, isinstance(g2.srs, SpatialReference))
+        self.assertEqual(g2.hex, g2.ogr.hex)
+        self.assertEqual('WGS 84', g2.srs.name)
+
+    def test22_copy(self):
+        "Testing use with the Python `copy` module."
+        import copy
+        poly = GEOSGeometry('POLYGON((0 0, 0 23, 23 23, 23 0, 0 0), (5 5, 5 10, 10 10, 10 5, 5 5))')
+        cpy1 = copy.copy(poly)
+        cpy2 = copy.deepcopy(poly)
+        self.assertNotEqual(poly._ptr, cpy1._ptr)
+        self.assertNotEqual(poly._ptr, cpy2._ptr)
+
+    def test23_transform(self):
+        "Testing `transform` method."
+        if not HAS_GDAL: return
+        orig = GEOSGeometry('POINT (-104.609 38.255)', 4326)
+        trans = GEOSGeometry('POINT (992385.4472045 481455.4944650)', 2774)
+
+        # Using a srid, a SpatialReference object, and a CoordTransform object
+        # for transformations.
+        t1, t2, t3 = orig.clone(), orig.clone(), orig.clone()
+        t1.transform(trans.srid)
+        t2.transform(SpatialReference('EPSG:2774'))
+        ct = CoordTransform(SpatialReference('WGS84'), SpatialReference(2774))
+        t3.transform(ct)
+
+        # Testing use of the `clone` keyword.
+        k1 = orig.clone()
+        k2 = k1.transform(trans.srid, clone=True)
+        self.assertEqual(k1, orig)
+        self.assertNotEqual(k1, k2)
+
+        prec = 3
+        for p in (t1, t2, t3, k2):
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(trans.x, p.x, prec)
+            self.assertAlmostEqual(trans.y, p.y, prec)
+
+    def test24_extent(self):
+        "Testing `extent` method."
+        # The xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax of the MultiPoint should be returned.
+        mp = MultiPoint(Point(5, 23), Point(0, 0), Point(10, 50))
+        self.assertEqual((0.0, 0.0, 10.0, 50.0), mp.extent)
+        pnt = Point(5.23, 17.8)
+        # Extent of points is just the point itself repeated.
+        self.assertEqual((5.23, 17.8, 5.23, 17.8), pnt.extent)
+        # Testing on the 'real world' Polygon.
+        poly = fromstr(polygons[3].wkt)
+        ring = poly.shell
+        x, y = ring.x, ring.y
+        xmin, ymin = min(x), min(y)
+        xmax, ymax = max(x), max(y)
+        self.assertEqual((xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax), poly.extent)
+
+    def test25_pickle(self):
+        "Testing pickling and unpickling support."
+        # Using both pickle and cPickle -- just 'cause.
+        import pickle, cPickle
+
+        # Creating a list of test geometries for pickling, 
+        # and setting the SRID on some of them.
+        def get_geoms(lst, srid=None):
+            return [GEOSGeometry(tg.wkt, srid) for tg in lst]
+        tgeoms = get_geoms(points)
+        tgeoms.extend(get_geoms(multilinestrings, 4326))
+        tgeoms.extend(get_geoms(polygons, 3084))
+        tgeoms.extend(get_geoms(multipolygons, 900913))
+
+        # The SRID won't be exported in GEOS 3.0 release candidates.
+        no_srid = self.null_srid == -1 
+        for geom in tgeoms:
+            s1, s2 = cPickle.dumps(geom), pickle.dumps(geom)
+            g1, g2 = cPickle.loads(s1), pickle.loads(s2)
+            for tmpg in (g1, g2):
+                self.assertEqual(geom, tmpg)
+                if not no_srid: self.assertEqual(geom.srid, tmpg.srid)
+
+def suite():
+    s = unittest.TestSuite()
+    s.addTest(unittest.makeSuite(GEOSTest))
+    return s
+
+def run(verbosity=2):
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=verbosity).run(suite())