app/django/contrib/gis/utils/geoip.py
author Sverre Rabbelier <srabbelier@gmail.com>
Fri, 06 Mar 2009 17:12:51 +0000
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Split out test_model model and logic into it's own module Patch by: Sverre Rabbelier
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"""
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 This module houses the GeoIP object, a ctypes wrapper for the MaxMind GeoIP(R)
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 C API (http://www.maxmind.com/app/c).  This is an alternative to the GPL
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 licensed Python GeoIP interface provided by MaxMind.
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 GeoIP(R) is a registered trademark of MaxMind, LLC of Boston, Massachusetts.
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 For IP-based geolocation, this module requires the GeoLite Country and City
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 datasets, in binary format (CSV will not work!).  The datasets may be 
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 downloaded from MaxMind at http://www.maxmind.com/download/geoip/database/.
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 Grab GeoIP.dat.gz and GeoLiteCity.dat.gz, and unzip them in the directory
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 corresponding to settings.GEOIP_PATH.  See the GeoIP docstring and examples
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 below for more details.
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 TODO: Verify compatibility with Windows.
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 Example:
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 >>> from django.contrib.gis.utils import GeoIP
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 >>> g = GeoIP()
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 >>> g.country('google.com')
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 {'country_code': 'US', 'country_name': 'United States'}
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 >>> g.city('72.14.207.99')
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 {'area_code': 650,
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 'city': 'Mountain View',
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 'country_code': 'US',
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 'country_code3': 'USA',
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 'country_name': 'United States',
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 'dma_code': 807,
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 'latitude': 37.419200897216797,
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 'longitude': -122.05740356445312,
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 'postal_code': '94043',
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 'region': 'CA'}
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 >>> g.lat_lon('salon.com')
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 (37.789798736572266, -122.39420318603516)
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 >>> g.lon_lat('uh.edu')
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 (-95.415199279785156, 29.77549934387207) 
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 >>> g.geos('24.124.1.80').wkt
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 'POINT (-95.2087020874023438 39.0392990112304688)'
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"""
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import os, re
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from ctypes import c_char_p, c_float, c_int, Structure, CDLL, POINTER
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from ctypes.util import find_library
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from django.conf import settings
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if not settings._target: settings.configure()
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# Creating the settings dictionary with any settings, if needed.
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GEOIP_SETTINGS = dict((key, getattr(settings, key)) 
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                      for key in ('GEOIP_PATH', 'GEOIP_LIBRARY_PATH', 'GEOIP_COUNTRY', 'GEOIP_CITY')
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                      if hasattr(settings, key))
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lib_path = GEOIP_SETTINGS.get('GEOIP_LIBRARY_PATH', None)
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# GeoIP Exception class.
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class GeoIPException(Exception): pass
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# The shared library for the GeoIP C API.  May be downloaded
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#  from http://www.maxmind.com/download/geoip/api/c/
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if lib_path:
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    lib_name = None
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else:
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    # TODO: Is this really the library name for Windows?
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    lib_name = 'GeoIP'
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# Getting the path to the GeoIP library.
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if lib_name: lib_path = find_library(lib_name)
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if lib_path is None: raise GeoIPException('Could not find the GeoIP library (tried "%s"). '
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                                          'Try setting GEOIP_LIBRARY_PATH in your settings.' % lib_name)
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lgeoip = CDLL(lib_path)
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# Regular expressions for recognizing IP addresses and the GeoIP
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# free database editions.
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ipregex = re.compile(r'^(?P<w>\d\d?\d?)\.(?P<x>\d\d?\d?)\.(?P<y>\d\d?\d?)\.(?P<z>\d\d?\d?)$')
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free_regex = re.compile(r'^GEO-\d{3}FREE')
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lite_regex = re.compile(r'^GEO-\d{3}LITE')
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#### GeoIP C Structure definitions ####
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class GeoIPRecord(Structure):
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    _fields_ = [('country_code', c_char_p),
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                ('country_code3', c_char_p),
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                ('country_name', c_char_p),
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                ('region', c_char_p),
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                ('city', c_char_p),
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                ('postal_code', c_char_p),
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                ('latitude', c_float),
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                ('longitude', c_float),
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                ('dma_code', c_int),
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                ('area_code', c_int),
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                ]
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class GeoIPTag(Structure): pass
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#### ctypes function prototypes ####
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RECTYPE = POINTER(GeoIPRecord)
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DBTYPE = POINTER(GeoIPTag)
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# For retrieving records by name or address.
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def record_output(func):
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    func.restype = RECTYPE
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    return func
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rec_by_addr = record_output(lgeoip.GeoIP_record_by_addr)
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rec_by_name = record_output(lgeoip.GeoIP_record_by_name)
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# For opening up GeoIP databases.
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geoip_open = lgeoip.GeoIP_open
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geoip_open.restype = DBTYPE
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# String output routines.
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def string_output(func):
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    func.restype = c_char_p
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    return func
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geoip_dbinfo = string_output(lgeoip.GeoIP_database_info)
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cntry_code_by_addr = string_output(lgeoip.GeoIP_country_code_by_addr)
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cntry_code_by_name = string_output(lgeoip.GeoIP_country_code_by_name)
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cntry_name_by_addr = string_output(lgeoip.GeoIP_country_name_by_addr)
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cntry_name_by_name = string_output(lgeoip.GeoIP_country_name_by_name)
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#### GeoIP class ####
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class GeoIP(object):
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    # The flags for GeoIP memory caching.
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    # GEOIP_STANDARD - read database from filesystem, uses least memory.
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    #
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    # GEOIP_MEMORY_CACHE - load database into memory, faster performance
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    #        but uses more memory
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    #
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    # GEOIP_CHECK_CACHE - check for updated database.  If database has been updated,
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    #        reload filehandle and/or memory cache.
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    #
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    # GEOIP_INDEX_CACHE - just cache
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    #        the most frequently accessed index portion of the database, resulting
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    #        in faster lookups than GEOIP_STANDARD, but less memory usage than
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    #        GEOIP_MEMORY_CACHE - useful for larger databases such as
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    #        GeoIP Organization and GeoIP City.  Note, for GeoIP Country, Region
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    #        and Netspeed databases, GEOIP_INDEX_CACHE is equivalent to GEOIP_MEMORY_CACHE
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    #
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    GEOIP_STANDARD = 0
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    GEOIP_MEMORY_CACHE = 1
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    GEOIP_CHECK_CACHE = 2
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    GEOIP_INDEX_CACHE = 4
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    cache_options = dict((opt, None) for opt in (0, 1, 2, 4))
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    def __init__(self, path=None, cache=0, country=None, city=None):
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        """
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        Initializes the GeoIP object, no parameters are required to use default
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        settings.  Keyword arguments may be passed in to customize the locations
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        of the GeoIP data sets.
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        * path: Base directory to where GeoIP data is located or the full path
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            to where the city or country data files (*.dat) are located.
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            Assumes that both the city and country data sets are located in
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            this directory; overrides the GEOIP_PATH settings attribute.
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        * cache: The cache settings when opening up the GeoIP datasets,
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            and may be an integer in (0, 1, 2, 4) corresponding to
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            the GEOIP_STANDARD, GEOIP_MEMORY_CACHE, GEOIP_CHECK_CACHE,
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            and GEOIP_INDEX_CACHE `GeoIPOptions` C API settings,
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            respectively.  Defaults to 0, meaning that the data is read
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            from the disk.
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        * country: The name of the GeoIP country data file.  Defaults to
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            'GeoIP.dat'; overrides the GEOIP_COUNTRY settings attribute.
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        * city: The name of the GeoIP city data file.  Defaults to
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            'GeoLiteCity.dat'; overrides the GEOIP_CITY settings attribute.
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        """
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        # Checking the given cache option.
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        if cache in self.cache_options:
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            self._cache = self.cache_options[cache]
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        else:
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            raise GeoIPException('Invalid caching option: %s' % cache)
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        # Getting the GeoIP data path.
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        if not path:
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            path = GEOIP_SETTINGS.get('GEOIP_PATH', None)
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            if not path: raise GeoIPException('GeoIP path must be provided via parameter or the GEOIP_PATH setting.')
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        if not isinstance(path, basestring):
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            raise TypeError('Invalid path type: %s' % type(path).__name__)
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        cntry_ptr, city_ptr = (None, None)
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        if os.path.isdir(path):
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            # Getting the country and city files using the settings
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            # dictionary.  If no settings are provided, default names
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            # are assigned.
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            country = os.path.join(path, country or GEOIP_SETTINGS.get('GEOIP_COUNTRY', 'GeoIP.dat'))
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            city = os.path.join(path, city or GEOIP_SETTINGS.get('GEOIP_CITY', 'GeoLiteCity.dat'))
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        elif os.path.isfile(path):
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            # Otherwise, some detective work will be needed to figure
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            # out whether the given database path is for the GeoIP country
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            # or city databases.
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            ptr = geoip_open(path, cache)
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            info = geoip_dbinfo(ptr)
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            if lite_regex.match(info):
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                # GeoLite City database.
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                city, city_ptr = path, ptr
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            elif free_regex.match(info):
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                # GeoIP Country database.
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                country, cntry_ptr = path, ptr
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            else:
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                raise GeoIPException('Unable to recognize database edition: %s' % info)
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        else:
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            raise GeoIPException('GeoIP path must be a valid file or directory.')
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        # `_init_db` does the dirty work.
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        self._init_db(country, cache, '_country', cntry_ptr)
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        self._init_db(city, cache, '_city', city_ptr)
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    def _init_db(self, db_file, cache, attname, ptr=None):
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        "Helper routine for setting GeoIP ctypes database properties."
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        if ptr:
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            # Pointer already retrieved.
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            pass
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        elif os.path.isfile(db_file or ''):
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            ptr = geoip_open(db_file, cache)
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        setattr(self, attname, ptr)
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        setattr(self, '%s_file' % attname, db_file)
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    def _check_query(self, query, country=False, city=False, city_or_country=False):
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        "Helper routine for checking the query and database availability."
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        # Making sure a string was passed in for the query.
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        if not isinstance(query, basestring):
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            raise TypeError('GeoIP query must be a string, not type %s' % type(query).__name__)
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        # Extra checks for the existence of country and city databases.
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        if city_or_country and self._country is None and self._city is None:
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            raise GeoIPException('Invalid GeoIP country and city data files.')
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        elif country and self._country is None:
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            raise GeoIPException('Invalid GeoIP country data file: %s' % self._country_file)
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        elif city and self._city is None:
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            raise GeoIPException('Invalid GeoIP city data file: %s' % self._city_file)
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    def city(self, query):
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        """
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        Returns a dictionary of city information for the given IP address or
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        Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN).  Some information in the dictionary
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        may be undefined (None).
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        """
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        self._check_query(query, city=True)
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        if ipregex.match(query):
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            # If an IP address was passed in
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            ptr = rec_by_addr(self._city, c_char_p(query))
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        else:
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            # If a FQDN was passed in.
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            ptr = rec_by_name(self._city, c_char_p(query))
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        # Checking the pointer to the C structure, if valid pull out elements
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        # into a dicionary and return.
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        if bool(ptr):
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            record = ptr.contents
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            return dict((tup[0], getattr(record, tup[0])) for tup in record._fields_)
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        else:
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            return None
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    def country_code(self, query):
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        "Returns the country code for the given IP Address or FQDN."
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        self._check_query(query, city_or_country=True)
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        if self._country:
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            if ipregex.match(query): return cntry_code_by_addr(self._country, query)
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            else: return cntry_code_by_name(self._country, query)
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        else:
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            return self.city(query)['country_code']
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    def country_name(self, query):
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        "Returns the country name for the given IP Address or FQDN."
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        self._check_query(query, city_or_country=True)
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        if self._country:
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            if ipregex.match(query): return cntry_name_by_addr(self._country, query)
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            else: return cntry_name_by_name(self._country, query)
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        else:
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            return self.city(query)['country_name']
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    def country(self, query):
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        """
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        Returns a dictonary with with the country code and name when given an 
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        IP address or a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN).  For example, both
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        '24.124.1.80' and 'djangoproject.com' are valid parameters.
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        """
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        # Returning the country code and name
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        return {'country_code' : self.country_code(query), 
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                'country_name' : self.country_name(query),
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                }
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    #### Coordinate retrieval routines ####
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    def coords(self, query, ordering=('longitude', 'latitude')):
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        cdict = self.city(query)
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        if cdict is None: return None
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        else: return tuple(cdict[o] for o in ordering)
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    def lon_lat(self, query):
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        "Returns a tuple of the (longitude, latitude) for the given query."
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        return self.coords(query)
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    def lat_lon(self, query):
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        "Returns a tuple of the (latitude, longitude) for the given query."
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        return self.coords(query, ('latitude', 'longitude'))
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    def geos(self, query):
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        "Returns a GEOS Point object for the given query."
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        ll = self.lon_lat(query)
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        if ll:
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            from django.contrib.gis.geos import Point
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            return Point(ll, srid=4326)
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        else:
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            return None
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    #### GeoIP Database Information Routines ####
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    def country_info(self):
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        "Returns information about the GeoIP country database."
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        if self._country is None:
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            ci = 'No GeoIP Country data in "%s"' % self._country_file
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        else:
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            ci = geoip_dbinfo(self._country)
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        return ci
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    country_info = property(country_info)
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    def city_info(self):
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        "Retuns information about the GeoIP city database."
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        if self._city is None:
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            ci = 'No GeoIP City data in "%s"' % self._city_file
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        else:
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            ci = geoip_dbinfo(self._city)
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        return ci
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    city_info = property(city_info)
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    def info(self):
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        "Returns information about all GeoIP databases in use."
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        return 'Country:\n\t%s\nCity:\n\t%s' % (self.country_info, self.city_info)
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    info = property(info)
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    #### Methods for compatibility w/the GeoIP-Python API. ####
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    @classmethod
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    def open(cls, full_path, cache):
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        return GeoIP(full_path, cache)
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    def _rec_by_arg(self, arg):
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        if self._city:
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            return self.city(arg)
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        else:
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            return self.country(arg)
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    region_by_addr = city
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    region_by_name = city
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    record_by_addr = _rec_by_arg
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    record_by_name = _rec_by_arg
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    country_code_by_addr = country_code
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    country_code_by_name = country_code
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    country_name_by_addr = country_name
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    country_name_by_name = country_name