=============================

django-admin.py and manage.py

=============================

``django-admin.py`` is Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks.

This document outlines all it can do.

In addition, ``manage.py`` is automatically created in each Django project.

``manage.py`` is a thin wrapper around ``django-admin.py`` that takes care of

two things for you before delegating to ``django-admin.py``:

    * It puts your project's package on ``sys.path``.

    * It sets the ``DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE`` environment variable so that it

      points to your project's ``settings.py`` file.

The ``django-admin.py`` script should be on your system path if you installed

Django via its ``setup.py`` utility. If it's not on your path, you can find it in

``site-packages/django/bin`` within your Python installation. Consider

symlinking it from some place on your path, such as ``/usr/local/bin``.

For Windows users, who do not have symlinking functionality available, you

can copy ``django-admin.py`` to a location on your existing path or edit the

``PATH`` settings (under ``Settings - Control Panel - System - Advanced - Environment...``)

to point to its installed location.

Generally, when working on a single Django project, it's easier to use

``manage.py``. Use ``django-admin.py`` with ``DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE``, or the

``--settings`` command line option, if you need to switch between multiple

Django settings files.

Usage

=====

``django-admin.py action [options]``

``manage.py action [options]``

``action`` should be one of the actions listed in this document. ``options``,

which is optional, should be zero or more of the options listed in this

document.

Run ``django-admin.py --help`` to display a help message that includes a terse

list of all available actions and options.

Most actions take a list of ``appname``s. An ``appname`` is the basename of the

package containing your models. For example, if your ``INSTALLED_APPS``

contains the string ``'mysite.blog'``, the ``appname`` is ``blog``.

Available actions

=================

adminindex [appname appname ...]

--------------------------------

Prints the admin-index template snippet for the given appnames.

Use admin-index template snippets if you want to customize the look and feel of

your admin's index page. See `Tutorial 2`_ for more information.

.. _Tutorial 2: ../tutorial2/

createcachetable [tablename]

----------------------------

Creates a cache table named ``tablename`` for use with the database cache

backend.  See the `cache documentation`_ for more information.

.. _cache documentation: ../cache/

dbshell

-------

Runs the command-line client for the database engine specified in your

``DATABASE_ENGINE`` setting, with the connection parameters specified in your

``DATABASE_USER``, ``DATABASE_PASSWORD``, etc., settings.

    * For PostgreSQL, this runs the ``psql`` command-line client.

    * For MySQL, this runs the ``mysql`` command-line client.

    * For SQLite, this runs the ``sqlite3`` command-line client.

This command assumes the programs are on your ``PATH`` so that a simple call to

the program name (``psql``, ``mysql``, ``sqlite3``) will find the program in

the right place. There's no way to specify the location of the program

manually.

diffsettings

------------

Displays differences between the current settings file and Django's default

settings.

Settings that don't appear in the defaults are followed by ``"###"``. For

example, the default settings don't define ``ROOT_URLCONF``, so

``ROOT_URLCONF`` is followed by ``"###"`` in the output of ``diffsettings``.

Note that Django's default settings live in ``django/conf/global_settings.py``,

if you're ever curious to see the full list of defaults.

dumpdata [appname appname ...]

------------------------------

Output to standard output all data in the database associated with the named 

application(s).

By default, the database will be dumped in JSON format. If you want the output

to be in another format, use the ``--format`` option (e.g., ``format=xml``). 

You may specify any Django serialization backend (including any user specified 

serialization backends named in the ``SERIALIZATION_MODULES`` setting).

If no application name is provided, all installed applications will be dumped.

The output of ``dumpdata`` can be used as input for ``loaddata``. 

flush

-----

Return the database to the state it was in immediately after syncdb was 

executed. This means that all data will be removed from the database, any 

post-synchronization handlers will be re-executed, and the ``initial_data``

fixture will be re-installed.

inspectdb

---------

Introspects the database tables in the database pointed-to by the

``DATABASE_NAME`` setting and outputs a Django model module (a ``models.py``

file) to standard output.

Use this if you have a legacy database with which you'd like to use Django.

The script will inspect the database and create a model for each table within

it.

As you might expect, the created models will have an attribute for every field

in the table. Note that ``inspectdb`` has a few special cases in its field-name

output:

    * If ``inspectdb`` cannot map a column's type to a model field type, it'll

      use ``TextField`` and will insert the Python comment

      ``'This field type is a guess.'`` next to the field in the generated

      model.

    * If the database column name is a Python reserved word (such as

      ``'pass'``, ``'class'`` or ``'for'``), ``inspectdb`` will append

      ``'_field'`` to the attribute name. For example, if a table has a column

      ``'for'``, the generated model will have a field ``'for_field'``, with

      the ``db_column`` attribute set to ``'for'``. ``inspectdb`` will insert

      the Python comment

      ``'Field renamed because it was a Python reserved word.'`` next to the

      field.

This feature is meant as a shortcut, not as definitive model generation. After

you run it, you'll want to look over the generated models yourself to make

customizations. In particular, you'll need to rearrange models' order, so that

models that refer to other models are ordered properly.

Primary keys are automatically introspected for PostgreSQL, MySQL and

SQLite, in which case Django puts in the ``primary_key=True`` where

needed.

``inspectdb`` works with PostgreSQL, MySQL and SQLite. Foreign-key detection

only works in PostgreSQL and with certain types of MySQL tables.

loaddata [fixture fixture ...]

------------------------------

Searches for and loads the contents of the named fixture into the database.

A *Fixture* is a collection of files that contain the serialized contents of

the database. Each fixture has a unique name; however, the files that

comprise the fixture can be distributed over multiple directories, in

multiple applications.

Django will search in three locations for fixtures:

   1. In the ``fixtures`` directory of every installed application

   2. In any directory named in the ``FIXTURE_DIRS`` setting

   3. In the literal path named by the fixture

Django will load any and all fixtures it finds in these locations that match

the provided fixture names. 

If the named fixture has a file extension, only fixtures of that type 

will be loaded. For example::

    django-admin.py loaddata mydata.json

would only load JSON fixtures called ``mydata``. The fixture extension 

must correspond to the registered name of a serializer (e.g., ``json`` or 

``xml``).

If you omit the extension, Django will search all available fixture types 

for a matching fixture. For example::

    django-admin.py loaddata mydata

would look for any fixture of any fixture type called ``mydata``. If a fixture

directory contained ``mydata.json``, that fixture would be loaded

as a JSON fixture. However, if two fixtures with the same name but different 

fixture type are discovered (for example, if ``mydata.json`` and 

``mydata.xml`` were found in the same fixture directory), fixture 

installation will be aborted, and any data installed in the call to 

``loaddata`` will be removed from the database.

The fixtures that are named can include directory components. These 

directories will be included in the search path. For example::

    django-admin.py loaddata foo/bar/mydata.json

would search ``<appname>/fixtures/foo/bar/mydata.json`` for each installed 

application,  ``<dirname>/foo/bar/mydata.json`` for each directory in 

``FIXTURE_DIRS``, and the literal path ``foo/bar/mydata.json``.

Note that the order in which fixture files are processed is undefined. However,

all fixture data is installed as a single transaction, so data in

one fixture can reference data in another fixture. If the database backend

supports row-level constraints, these constraints will be checked at the

end of the transaction.

.. admonition:: MySQL and Fixtures

    Unfortunately, MySQL isn't capable of completely supporting all the 

    features of Django fixtures. If you use MyISAM tables, MySQL doesn't

    support transactions or constraints, so you won't get a rollback if 

    multiple transaction files are found, or validation of fixture data. 

    If you use InnoDB tables, you won't be able to have any forward 

    references in your data files - MySQL doesn't provide a mechanism to 

    defer checking of row constraints until a transaction is committed.    

reset [appname appname ...]

---------------------------

Executes the equivalent of ``sqlreset`` for the given appnames.

runfcgi [options]

-----------------

Starts a set of FastCGI processes suitable for use with any web server

which supports the FastCGI protocol. See the `FastCGI deployment

documentation`_ for details. Requires the Python FastCGI module from

`flup`_.

.. _FastCGI deployment documentation: ../fastcgi/

.. _flup: http://www.saddi.com/software/flup/

runserver [optional port number, or ipaddr:port]

------------------------------------------------

Starts a lightweight development Web server on the local machine. By default,

the server runs on port 8000 on the IP address 127.0.0.1. You can pass in an

IP address and port number explicitly.

If you run this script as a user with normal privileges (recommended), you

might not have access to start a port on a low port number. Low port numbers

are reserved for the superuser (root).

DO NOT USE THIS SERVER IN A PRODUCTION SETTING. It has not gone through

security audits or performance tests. (And that's how it's gonna stay. We're in

the business of making Web frameworks, not Web servers, so improving this

server to be able to handle a production environment is outside the scope of

Django.)

The development server automatically reloads Python code for each request, as

needed. You don't need to restart the server for code changes to take effect.

When you start the server, and each time you change Python code while the

server is running, the server will validate all of your installed models. (See

the ``validate`` command below.) If the validator finds errors, it will print

them to standard output, but it won't stop the server.

You can run as many servers as you want, as long as they're on separate ports.

Just execute ``django-admin.py runserver`` more than once.

Note that the default IP address, 127.0.0.1, is not accessible from other

machines on your network. To make your development server viewable to other

machines on the network, use its own IP address (e.g. ``192.168.2.1``) or

``0.0.0.0``.

Examples:

~~~~~~~~~

Port 7000 on IP address 127.0.0.1::

    django-admin.py runserver 7000

Port 7000 on IP address 1.2.3.4::

    django-admin.py runserver 1.2.3.4:7000

Serving static files with the development server

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

By default, the development server doesn't serve any static files for your site

(such as CSS files, images, things under ``MEDIA_ROOT_URL`` and so forth). If

you want to configure Django to serve static media, read the `serving static files`_

documentation.

.. _serving static files: ../static_files/

Turning off auto-reload

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

To disable auto-reloading of code while the development server is running, use the

``--noreload`` option, like so::

    django-admin.py runserver --noreload

shell

-----

Starts the Python interactive interpreter.

Django will use IPython_, if it's installed. If you have IPython installed and

want to force use of the "plain" Python interpreter, use the ``--plain``

option, like so::

    django-admin.py shell --plain

.. _IPython: http://ipython.scipy.org/

sql [appname appname ...]

-------------------------

Prints the CREATE TABLE SQL statements for the given appnames.

sqlall [appname appname ...]

----------------------------

Prints the CREATE TABLE and initial-data SQL statements for the given appnames.

Refer to the description of ``sqlinitialdata`` for an explanation of how to

specify initial data.

sqlclear [appname appname ...]

--------------------------------------

Prints the DROP TABLE SQL statements for the given appnames.

sqlcustom [appname appname ...]

-------------------------------

Prints the custom SQL statements for the given appnames.

For each model in each specified app, this command looks for the file

``<appname>/sql/<modelname>.sql``, where ``<appname>`` is the given appname and

``<modelname>`` is the model's name in lowercase. For example, if you have an

app ``news`` that includes a ``Story`` model, ``sqlinitialdata`` will attempt

to read a file ``news/sql/story.sql`` and append it to the output of this

command.

Each of the SQL files, if given, is expected to contain valid SQL. The SQL

files are piped directly into the database after all of the models'

table-creation statements have been executed. Use this SQL hook to make any

table modifications, or insert any SQL functions into the database.

Note that the order in which the SQL files are processed is undefined.

sqlindexes [appname appname ...]

----------------------------------------

Prints the CREATE INDEX SQL statements for the given appnames.

sqlreset [appname appname ...]

--------------------------------------

Prints the DROP TABLE SQL, then the CREATE TABLE SQL, for the given appnames.

sqlsequencereset [appname appname ...]

----------------------------------------------

Prints the SQL statements for resetting PostgreSQL sequences for the given

appnames.

See http://simon.incutio.com/archive/2004/04/21/postgres for more information.

startapp [appname]

------------------

Creates a Django app directory structure for the given app name in the current

directory.

startproject [projectname]

--------------------------

Creates a Django project directory structure for the given project name in the

current directory.

syncdb

------

Creates the database tables for all apps in ``INSTALLED_APPS`` whose tables

have not already been created.

Use this command when you've added new applications to your project and want to

install them in the database. This includes any apps shipped with Django that

might be in ``INSTALLED_APPS`` by default. When you start a new project, run

this command to install the default apps.

If you're installing the ``django.contrib.auth`` application, ``syncdb`` will

give you the option of creating a superuser immediately.

``syncdb`` will also search for and install any fixture named ``initial_data``. 

See the documentation for ``loaddata`` for details on the specification of 

fixture data files.

test

----

Discover and run tests for all installed models.  See `Testing Django applications`_ for more information.

.. _testing django applications: ../testing/

validate

--------

Validates all installed models (according to the ``INSTALLED_APPS`` setting)

and prints validation errors to standard output.

Available options

=================

--settings

----------

Example usage::

    django-admin.py syncdb --settings=mysite.settings

Explicitly specifies the settings module to use. The settings module should be

in Python package syntax, e.g. ``mysite.settings``. If this isn't provided,

``django-admin.py`` will use the ``DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE`` environment

variable.

Note that this option is unnecessary in ``manage.py``, because it takes care of

setting ``DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE`` for you.

--pythonpath

------------

Example usage::

    django-admin.py syncdb --pythonpath='/home/djangoprojects/myproject'

Adds the given filesystem path to the Python `import search path`_. If this

isn't provided, ``django-admin.py`` will use the ``PYTHONPATH`` environment

variable.

Note that this option is unnecessary in ``manage.py``, because it takes care of

setting the Python path for you.

.. _import search path: http://diveintopython.org/getting_to_know_python/everything_is_an_object.html

--format

--------

Example usage::

    django-admin.py dumpdata --format=xml

Specifies the output format that will be used. The name provided must be the name

of a registered serializer.

--help

------

Displays a help message that includes a terse list of all available actions and

options.

--indent

--------

Example usage::

    django-admin.py dumpdata --indent=4

Specifies the number of spaces that will be used for indentation when 

pretty-printing output. By default, output will *not* be pretty-printed.

Pretty-printing will only be enabled if the indent option is provided.

--noinput

---------

Inform django-admin that the user should NOT be prompted for any input. Useful

if the django-admin script will be executed as an unattended, automated

script.

--noreload

----------

Disable the use of the auto-reloader when running the development server.

--version

---------

Displays the current Django version.

Example output::

    0.9.1

    0.9.1 (SVN)

--verbosity

-----------

Example usage::

    django-admin.py syncdb --verbosity=2

Verbosity determines the amount of notification and debug information that

will be printed to the console. '0' is no output, '1' is normal output,

and `2` is verbose output.

--adminmedia

------------

Example usage::

    django-admin.py manage.py --adminmedia=/tmp/new-admin-style/

Tells Django where to find the various CSS and JavaScript files for the admin

interface when running the development server. Normally these files are served

out of the Django source tree, but because some designers customize these files

for their site, this option allows you to test against custom versions.

Extra niceties

==============

Syntax coloring

---------------

The ``django-admin.py`` / ``manage.py`` commands that output SQL to standard

output will use pretty color-coded output if your terminal supports