"""

 The OGRGeometry is a wrapper for using the OGR Geometry class

 (see http://www.gdal.org/ogr/classOGRGeometry.html).  OGRGeometry

 may be instantiated when reading geometries from OGR Data Sources

 (e.g. SHP files), or when given OGC WKT (a string).

 While the 'full' API is not present yet, the API is "pythonic" unlike

 the traditional and "next-generation" OGR Python bindings.  One major

 advantage OGR Geometries have over their GEOS counterparts is support

 for spatial reference systems and their transformation.

 Example:

  >>> from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeometry, OGRGeomType, SpatialReference

  >>> wkt1, wkt2 = 'POINT(-90 30)', 'POLYGON((0 0, 5 0, 5 5, 0 5)'

  >>> pnt = OGRGeometry(wkt1)

  >>> print pnt

  POINT (-90 30)

  >>> mpnt = OGRGeometry(OGRGeomType('MultiPoint'), SpatialReference('WGS84'))

  >>> mpnt.add(wkt1)

  >>> mpnt.add(wkt1)

  >>> print mpnt

  MULTIPOINT (-90 30,-90 30)

  >>> print mpnt.srs.name

  WGS 84

  >>> print mpnt.srs.proj

  +proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs

  >>> mpnt.transform_to(SpatialReference('NAD27'))

  >>> print mpnt.proj

  +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk66 +datum=NAD27 +no_defs

  >>> print mpnt

  MULTIPOINT (-89.999930378602485 29.999797886557641,-89.999930378602485 29.999797886557641)

  The OGRGeomType class is to make it easy to specify an OGR geometry type:

  >>> from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeomType

  >>> gt1 = OGRGeomType(3) # Using an integer for the type

  >>> gt2 = OGRGeomType('Polygon') # Using a string

  >>> gt3 = OGRGeomType('POLYGON') # It's case-insensitive

  >>> print gt1 == 3, gt1 == 'Polygon' # Equivalence works w/non-OGRGeomType objects

  True

"""

# Python library requisites.

import re, sys

from binascii import a2b_hex

from ctypes import byref, string_at, c_char_p, c_double, c_ubyte, c_void_p

from types import UnicodeType

# Getting GDAL prerequisites

from django.contrib.gis.gdal.envelope import Envelope, OGREnvelope

from django.contrib.gis.gdal.error import OGRException, OGRIndexError, SRSException

from django.contrib.gis.gdal.geomtype import OGRGeomType

from django.contrib.gis.gdal.srs import SpatialReference, CoordTransform

# Getting the ctypes prototype functions that interface w/the GDAL C library.

from django.contrib.gis.gdal.prototypes.geom import *

from django.contrib.gis.gdal.prototypes.srs import clone_srs

# For more information, see the OGR C API source code:

#  http://www.gdal.org/ogr/ogr__api_8h.html

#

# The OGR_G_* routines are relevant here.

# Regular expressions for recognizing HEXEWKB and WKT.

hex_regex = re.compile(r'^[0-9A-F]+$', re.I)

wkt_regex = re.compile(r'^(?P<type>POINT|LINESTRING|LINEARRING|POLYGON|MULTIPOINT|MULTILINESTRING|MULTIPOLYGON|GEOMETRYCOLLECTION)[ACEGIMLONPSRUTY\d,\.\-\(\) ]+$', re.I)

json_regex = re.compile(r'^\{[\s\w,\-\.\"\'\:\[\]]+\}$')

#### OGRGeometry Class ####

class OGRGeometry(object):

    "Generally encapsulates an OGR geometry."

    def __init__(self, geom_input, srs=None):

        "Initializes Geometry on either WKT or an OGR pointer as input."

        self._ptr = c_void_p(None) # Initially NULL

        str_instance = isinstance(geom_input, basestring)

        # If HEX, unpack input to to a binary buffer.

        if str_instance and hex_regex.match(geom_input):

            geom_input = buffer(a2b_hex(geom_input.upper()))

            str_instance = False

        # Constructing the geometry, 

        if str_instance:

            # Checking if unicode

            if isinstance(geom_input, UnicodeType):

                # Encoding to ASCII, WKT or HEX doesn't need any more.

                geo_input = geo_input.encode('ascii')

            wkt_m = wkt_regex.match(geom_input)

            json_m = json_regex.match(geom_input)

            if wkt_m:

                if wkt_m.group('type').upper() == 'LINEARRING':

                    # OGR_G_CreateFromWkt doesn't work with LINEARRING WKT.

                    #  See http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/ticket/1992.

                    g = create_geom(OGRGeomType(wkt_m.group('type')).num)

                    import_wkt(g, byref(c_char_p(geom_input)))

                else:

                    g = from_wkt(byref(c_char_p(geom_input)), None, byref(c_void_p()))

            elif json_m:

                if GEOJSON:

                    g = from_json(geom_input)

                else:

                    raise NotImplementedError('GeoJSON input only supported on GDAL 1.5+.')

            else:

                # Seeing if the input is a valid short-hand string

                # (e.g., 'Point', 'POLYGON').

                ogr_t = OGRGeomType(geom_input)

                g = create_geom(OGRGeomType(geom_input).num)

        elif isinstance(geom_input, buffer):

            # WKB was passed in

            g = from_wkb(str(geom_input), None, byref(c_void_p()), len(geom_input))

        elif isinstance(geom_input, OGRGeomType):

            # OGRGeomType was passed in, an empty geometry will be created.

            g = create_geom(geom_input.num)

        elif isinstance(geom_input, c_void_p):

            # OGR pointer (c_void_p) was the input.

            g = geom_input

        else:

            raise OGRException('Invalid input type for OGR Geometry construction: %s' % type(geom_input))

        # Now checking the Geometry pointer before finishing initialization

        # by setting the pointer for the object.

        if not g:

            raise OGRException('Cannot create OGR Geometry from input: %s' % str(geom_input))

        self._ptr = g

        # Assigning the SpatialReference object to the geometry, if valid.

        if bool(srs): self.srs = srs

        # Setting the class depending upon the OGR Geometry Type

        self.__class__ = GEO_CLASSES[self.geom_type.num]

    def __del__(self):

        "Deletes this Geometry."

        if self._ptr: destroy_geom(self._ptr)

    ### Geometry set-like operations ###

    # g = g1 | g2

    def __or__(self, other):

        "Returns the union of the two geometries."

        return self.union(other)

    # g = g1 & g2

    def __and__(self, other):

        "Returns the intersection of this Geometry and the other."

        return self.intersection(other)

    # g = g1 - g2

    def __sub__(self, other):

        "Return the difference this Geometry and the other."

        return self.difference(other)

    # g = g1 ^ g2

    def __xor__(self, other):

        "Return the symmetric difference of this Geometry and the other."

        return self.sym_difference(other)

    def __eq__(self, other):

        "Is this Geometry equal to the other?"

        return self.equals(other)

    def __ne__(self, other):

        "Tests for inequality."

        return not self.equals(other)

    def __str__(self):

        "WKT is used for the string representation."

        return self.wkt

    #### Geometry Properties ####

    @property

    def dimension(self):

        "Returns 0 for points, 1 for lines, and 2 for surfaces."

        return get_dims(self._ptr)

    @property

    def coord_dim(self):

        "Returns the coordinate dimension of the Geometry."

        return get_coord_dims(self._ptr)

    @property

    def geom_count(self):

        "The number of elements in this Geometry."

        return get_geom_count(self._ptr)

    @property

    def point_count(self):

        "Returns the number of Points in this Geometry."

        return get_point_count(self._ptr)

    @property

    def num_points(self):

        "Alias for `point_count` (same name method in GEOS API.)"

        return self.point_count

    @property

    def num_coords(self):

        "Alais for `point_count`."

        return self.point_count

    @property

    def geom_type(self):

        "Returns the Type for this Geometry."

        try:

            return OGRGeomType(get_geom_type(self._ptr))

        except OGRException:

            # VRT datasources return an invalid geometry type

            # number, but a valid name -- we'll try that instead.

            # See: http://trac.osgeo.org/gdal/ticket/2491

            return OGRGeomType(get_geom_name(self._ptr))

    @property

    def geom_name(self):

        "Returns the Name of this Geometry."

        return get_geom_name(self._ptr)

    @property

    def area(self):

        "Returns the area for a LinearRing, Polygon, or MultiPolygon; 0 otherwise."

        return get_area(self._ptr)

    @property

    def envelope(self):

        "Returns the envelope for this Geometry."

        # TODO: Fix Envelope() for Point geometries.

        return Envelope(get_envelope(self._ptr, byref(OGREnvelope())))

    @property

    def extent(self):

        "Returns the envelope as a 4-tuple, instead of as an Envelope object."

        return self.envelope.tuple

    #### SpatialReference-related Properties ####

    # The SRS property

    def get_srs(self):

        "Returns the Spatial Reference for this Geometry."

        try:

            srs_ptr = get_geom_srs(self._ptr)

            return SpatialReference(clone_srs(srs_ptr))

        except SRSException:

            return None

    def set_srs(self, srs):

        "Sets the SpatialReference for this geometry."

        if isinstance(srs, SpatialReference):

            srs_ptr = clone_srs(srs._ptr)

        elif isinstance(srs, (int, long, basestring)):

            sr = SpatialReference(srs)

            srs_ptr = clone_srs(sr._ptr)

        else:

            raise TypeError('Cannot assign spatial reference with object of type: %s' % type(srs))

        assign_srs(self._ptr, srs_ptr)

    srs = property(get_srs, set_srs)

    # The SRID property

    def get_srid(self):

        if self.srs: return self.srs.srid

        else: return None

    def set_srid(self, srid):

        if isinstance(srid, (int, long)):

            self.srs = srid

        else:

            raise TypeError('SRID must be set with an integer.')

    srid = property(get_srid, set_srid)

    #### Output Methods ####

    @property

    def geos(self):

        "Returns a GEOSGeometry object from this OGRGeometry."

        from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSGeometry

        return GEOSGeometry(self.wkb, self.srid)

    @property

    def gml(self):

        "Returns the GML representation of the Geometry."

        return to_gml(self._ptr)

    @property

    def hex(self):

        "Returns the hexadecimal representation of the WKB (a string)."

        return str(self.wkb).encode('hex').upper()

        #return b2a_hex(self.wkb).upper()

    @property

    def json(self):

        if GEOJSON: 

            return to_json(self._ptr)

        else:

            raise NotImplementedError('GeoJSON output only supported on GDAL 1.5+.')

    geojson = json

    @property

    def wkb_size(self):

        "Returns the size of the WKB buffer."

        return get_wkbsize(self._ptr)

    @property

    def wkb(self):

        "Returns the WKB representation of the Geometry."

        if sys.byteorder == 'little':

            byteorder = 1 # wkbNDR (from ogr_core.h)

        else:

            byteorder = 0 # wkbXDR

        sz = self.wkb_size

        # Creating the unsigned character buffer, and passing it in by reference.

        buf = (c_ubyte * sz)()

        wkb = to_wkb(self._ptr, byteorder, byref(buf))

        # Returning a buffer of the string at the pointer.

        return buffer(string_at(buf, sz))

    @property

    def wkt(self):

        "Returns the WKT representation of the Geometry."

        return to_wkt(self._ptr, byref(c_char_p()))

    #### Geometry Methods ####

    def clone(self):

        "Clones this OGR Geometry."

        return OGRGeometry(clone_geom(self._ptr), self.srs)

    def close_rings(self):

        """

        If there are any rings within this geometry that have not been

        closed, this routine will do so by adding the starting point at the

        end.

        """

        # Closing the open rings.

        geom_close_rings(self._ptr)

    def transform(self, coord_trans, clone=False):

        """

        Transforms this geometry to a different spatial reference system.

        May take a CoordTransform object, a SpatialReference object, string

        WKT or PROJ.4, and/or an integer SRID.  By default nothing is returned

        and the geometry is transformed in-place.  However, if the `clone`

        keyword is set, then a transformed clone of this geometry will be

        returned.

        """

        if clone:

            klone = self.clone()

            klone.transform(coord_trans)

            return klone

        if isinstance(coord_trans, CoordTransform):

            geom_transform(self._ptr, coord_trans._ptr)

        elif isinstance(coord_trans, SpatialReference):

            geom_transform_to(self._ptr, coord_trans._ptr)

        elif isinstance(coord_trans, (int, long, basestring)):

            sr = SpatialReference(coord_trans)

            geom_transform_to(self._ptr, sr._ptr)

        else:

            raise TypeError('Transform only accepts CoordTransform, SpatialReference, string, and integer objects.')

    def transform_to(self, srs):

        "For backwards-compatibility."

        self.transform(srs)

    #### Topology Methods ####

    def _topology(self, func, other):

        """A generalized function for topology operations, takes a GDAL function and

        the other geometry to perform the operation on."""

        if not isinstance(other, OGRGeometry):

            raise TypeError('Must use another OGRGeometry object for topology operations!')

        # Returning the output of the given function with the other geometry's

        # pointer.

        return func(self._ptr, other._ptr)

    def intersects(self, other):

        "Returns True if this geometry intersects with the other."

        return self._topology(ogr_intersects, other)

    def equals(self, other):

        "Returns True if this geometry is equivalent to the other."

        return self._topology(ogr_equals, other)

    def disjoint(self, other):

        "Returns True if this geometry and the other are spatially disjoint."

        return self._topology(ogr_disjoint, other)

    def touches(self, other):

        "Returns True if this geometry touches the other."

        return self._topology(ogr_touches, other)

    def crosses(self, other):

        "Returns True if this geometry crosses the other."

        return self._topology(ogr_crosses, other)

    def within(self, other):

        "Returns True if this geometry is within the other."

        return self._topology(ogr_within, other)

    def contains(self, other):

        "Returns True if this geometry contains the other."

        return self._topology(ogr_contains, other)

    def overlaps(self, other):

        "Returns True if this geometry overlaps the other."

        return self._topology(ogr_overlaps, other)

    #### Geometry-generation Methods ####

    def _geomgen(self, gen_func, other=None):

        "A helper routine for the OGR routines that generate geometries."

        if isinstance(other, OGRGeometry):

            return OGRGeometry(gen_func(self._ptr, other._ptr), self.srs)

        else:

            return OGRGeometry(gen_func(self._ptr), self.srs)

    @property

    def boundary(self):

        "Returns the boundary of this geometry."

        return self._geomgen(get_boundary)

    @property

    def convex_hull(self):

        """

        Returns the smallest convex Polygon that contains all the points in 

        this Geometry.

        """

        return self._geomgen(geom_convex_hull)

    def difference(self, other):

        """

        Returns a new geometry consisting of the region which is the difference

        of this geometry and the other.

        """

        return self._geomgen(geom_diff, other)

    def intersection(self, other):

        """

        Returns a new geometry consisting of the region of intersection of this

        geometry and the other.

        """

        return self._geomgen(geom_intersection, other)

    def sym_difference(self, other):

        """                                                                                                                                                

        Returns a new geometry which is the symmetric difference of this

        geometry and the other.

        """

        return self._geomgen(geom_sym_diff, other)

    def union(self, other):

        """

        Returns a new geometry consisting of the region which is the union of

        this geometry and the other.

        """

        return self._geomgen(geom_union, other)

# The subclasses for OGR Geometry.

class Point(OGRGeometry):

    @property

    def x(self):

        "Returns the X coordinate for this Point."

        return getx(self._ptr, 0)

    @property

    def y(self):

        "Returns the Y coordinate for this Point."

        return gety(self._ptr, 0)

    @property

    def z(self):

        "Returns the Z coordinate for this Point."

        if self.coord_dim == 3:

            return getz(self._ptr, 0)

    @property

    def tuple(self):

        "Returns the tuple of this point."

        if self.coord_dim == 2:

            return (self.x, self.y)

        elif self.coord_dim == 3:

            return (self.x, self.y, self.z)

    coords = tuple

class LineString(OGRGeometry):

    def __getitem__(self, index):

        "Returns the Point at the given index."

        if index >= 0 and index < self.point_count:

            x, y, z = c_double(), c_double(), c_double()

            get_point(self._ptr, index, byref(x), byref(y), byref(z))

            dim = self.coord_dim

            if dim == 1:

                return (x.value,)

            elif dim == 2:

                return (x.value, y.value)

            elif dim == 3:

                return (x.value, y.value, z.value)

        else:

            raise OGRIndexError('index out of range: %s' % str(index))

    def __iter__(self):

        "Iterates over each point in the LineString."

        for i in xrange(self.point_count):

            yield self[i]

    def __len__(self):

        "The length returns the number of points in the LineString."

        return self.point_count

    @property

    def tuple(self):

        "Returns the tuple representation of this LineString."

        return tuple([self[i] for i in xrange(len(self))])

    coords = tuple

    def _listarr(self, func):

        """

        Internal routine that returns a sequence (list) corresponding with

        the given function.

        """

        return [func(self._ptr, i) for i in xrange(len(self))]

    @property

    def x(self):

        "Returns the X coordinates in a list."

        return self._listarr(getx)

    @property

    def y(self):

        "Returns the Y coordinates in a list."

        return self._listarr(gety)