author | Sverre Rabbelier <srabbelier@gmail.com> |
Wed, 04 Mar 2009 23:11:33 +0000 | |
changeset 1672 | 9b6cc71dd70c |
parent 109 | 620f9b141567 |
permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
109
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parents:
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This demonstrates how the Request object works, and tests it. |
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You can instantiate a request using ``Request.blank()``, to create a |
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parents:
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4 |
fresh environment dictionary with all the basic keys such a dictionary |
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5 |
should have. |
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|
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>>> from dtopt import ELLIPSIS |
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>>> from webob import Request, UTC |
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>>> req = Request.blank('/') |
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>>> req # doctest: +ELLIPSIS |
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<Request at ... GET http://localhost/> |
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>>> print repr(str(req)) |
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'GET /\r\nHost: localhost:80\r\n\r\n' |
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>>> req.environ # doctest: +ELLIPSIS |
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{...} |
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>>> req.body_file # doctest: +ELLIPSIS |
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<cStringIO.StringI object at ...> |
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>>> req.scheme |
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'http' |
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>>> req.method |
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'GET' |
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>>> req.script_name |
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'' |
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>>> req.path_info |
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'/' |
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>>> req.content_type |
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'' |
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>>> print req.remote_user |
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None |
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>>> req.host_url |
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'http://localhost' |
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>>> req.script_name = '/foo' |
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>>> req.path_info = '/bar/' |
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>>> req.environ['QUERY_STRING'] = 'a=b' |
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>>> req.application_url |
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'http://localhost/foo' |
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>>> req.path_url |
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'http://localhost/foo/bar/' |
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>>> req.url |
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'http://localhost/foo/bar/?a=b' |
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>>> req.relative_url('baz') |
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'http://localhost/foo/bar/baz' |
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>>> req.relative_url('baz', to_application=True) |
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'http://localhost/foo/baz' |
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>>> req.relative_url('http://example.org') |
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'http://example.org' |
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>>> req.path_info_peek() |
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'bar' |
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>>> req.path_info_pop() |
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'bar' |
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>>> req.script_name, req.path_info |
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('/foo/bar', '/') |
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>>> print req.environ.get('wsgiorg.routing_args') |
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None |
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>>> req.urlvars |
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{} |
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>>> req.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] |
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((), {}) |
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>>> req.urlvars = dict(x='y') |
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>>> req.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] |
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((), {'x': 'y'}) |
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>>> req.urlargs |
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() |
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>>> req.urlargs = (1, 2, 3) |
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>>> req.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] |
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((1, 2, 3), {'x': 'y'}) |
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>>> del req.urlvars |
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>>> req.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] |
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((1, 2, 3), {}) |
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>>> req.urlvars = {'test': 'value'} |
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>>> del req.urlargs |
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>>> req.environ['wsgiorg.routing_args'] |
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((), {'test': 'value'}) |
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>>> req.is_xhr |
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False |
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>>> req.environ['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH'] = 'XMLHttpRequest' |
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>>> req.is_xhr |
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True |
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>>> req.host |
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80 |
'localhost:80' |
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There are also variables to access the variables and body: |
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|
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>>> from cStringIO import StringIO |
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>>> body = 'var1=value1&var2=value2&rep=1&rep=2' |
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>>> req = Request.blank('/') |
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>>> req.method = 'POST' |
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>>> req.body_file = StringIO(body) |
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>>> req.environ['CONTENT_LENGTH'] = str(len(body)) |
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>>> vars = req.str_POST |
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>>> vars |
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MultiDict([('var1', 'value1'), ('var2', 'value2'), ('rep', '1'), ('rep', '2')]) |
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>>> vars is req.str_POST |
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True |
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>>> req.POST |
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MultiDict([('var1', 'value1'), ('var2', 'value2'), ('rep', '1'), ('rep', '2')]) |
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>>> req.charset = 'utf8' |
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>>> req.POST |
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UnicodeMultiDict([(u'var1', u'value1'), (u'var2', u'value2'), (u'rep', u'1'), (u'rep', u'2')]) |
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|
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Note that the variables are there for GET requests and non-form POST |
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requests, but they are empty and read-only: |
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|
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>>> req = Request.blank('/') |
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>>> req.str_POST |
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<NoVars: Not a POST request> |
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>>> req.str_POST.items() |
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[] |
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>>> req.str_POST['x'] = 'y' |
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Traceback (most recent call last): |
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... |
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112 |
KeyError: 'Cannot add variables: Not a POST request' |
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113 |
>>> req.method = 'POST' |
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114 |
>>> req.str_POST |
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115 |
MultiDict([]) |
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116 |
>>> req.content_type = 'text/xml' |
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117 |
>>> req.body_file = StringIO('<xml></xml>') |
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118 |
>>> req.str_POST |
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119 |
<NoVars: Not an HTML form submission (Content-Type: text/xml)> |
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120 |
>>> req.body |
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121 |
'<xml></xml>' |
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122 |
|
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123 |
You can also get access to the query string variables, of course: |
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124 |
|
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125 |
>>> req = Request.blank('/?a=b&d=e&d=f') |
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126 |
>>> req.GET |
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127 |
MultiDict([('a', 'b'), ('d', 'e'), ('d', 'f')]) |
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128 |
>>> req.GET['d'] |
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129 |
'f' |
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130 |
>>> req.GET.getall('d') |
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131 |
['e', 'f'] |
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132 |
>>> req.method = 'POST' |
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133 |
>>> req.body = 'x=y&d=g' |
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134 |
>>> req.body_file # doctest: +ELLIPSIS |
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135 |
<cStringIO.StringI object at ...> |
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136 |
>>> req.environ['CONTENT_LENGTH'] |
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137 |
'7' |
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138 |
>>> req.params |
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139 |
NestedMultiDict([('a', 'b'), ('d', 'e'), ('d', 'f'), ('x', 'y'), ('d', 'g')]) |
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140 |
>>> req.params['d'] |
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141 |
'f' |
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142 |
>>> req.params.getall('d') |
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143 |
['e', 'f', 'g'] |
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144 |
|
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145 |
Cookie are viewed as a dictionary (*view only*): |
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146 |
|
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147 |
>>> req = Request.blank('/') |
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148 |
>>> req.environ['HTTP_COOKIE'] = 'var1=value1; var2=value2' |
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149 |
>>> req.str_cookies |
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150 |
{'var1': 'value1', 'var2': 'value2'} |
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151 |
>>> req.cookies |
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152 |
{'var1': 'value1', 'var2': 'value2'} |
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153 |
>>> req.charset = 'utf8' |
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154 |
>>> req.cookies |
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155 |
UnicodeMultiDict([(u'var1', u'value1'), (u'var2', u'value2')]) |
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156 |
|
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157 |
Sometimes conditional headers are problematic. You can remove them: |
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158 |
|
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159 |
>>> from datetime import datetime |
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160 |
>>> req = Request.blank('/') |
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161 |
>>> req.if_match = 'some-etag' |
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162 |
>>> req.if_modified_since = datetime(2005, 1, 1, 12, 0) |
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163 |
>>> req.environ['HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING'] = 'gzip' |
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164 |
>>> print req.headers |
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165 |
{'Host': 'localhost:80', 'If-Match': 'some-etag', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip', 'If-Modified-Since': 'Sat, 01 Jan 2005 12:00:00 GMT'} |
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166 |
>>> req.remove_conditional_headers() |
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167 |
>>> print req.headers |
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168 |
{'Host': 'localhost:80'} |
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169 |
|
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170 |
Some headers are handled specifically (more should be added): |
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171 |
|
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172 |
>>> req = Request.blank('/') |
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173 |
>>> req.if_none_match = 'xxx' |
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174 |
>>> 'xxx' in req.if_none_match |
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175 |
True |
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176 |
>>> 'yyy' in req.if_none_match |
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177 |
False |
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178 |
>>> req.if_modified_since = datetime(2005, 1, 1, 12, 0) |
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179 |
>>> req.if_modified_since < datetime(2006, 1, 1, 12, 0, tzinfo=UTC) |
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180 |
True |
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181 |
>>> req.user_agent |
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182 |
'' |
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183 |
>>> req.user_agent = 'MSIE-Win' |
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184 |
>>> req.user_agent |
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185 |
'MSIE-Win' |
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186 |
|
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187 |
Accept-* headers are parsed into read-only objects that support |
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188 |
containment tests, and some useful methods. Note that parameters on |
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|
189 |
mime types are not supported. |
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190 |
|
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|
191 |
>>> req = Request.blank('/') |
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192 |
>>> req.environ['HTTP_ACCEPT'] = "text/*;q=0.3, text/html;q=0.7, text/html;level=1, text/html;level=2;q=0.4, */*;q=0.5" |
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193 |
>>> req.accept # doctest: +ELLIPSIS |
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194 |
<MIMEAccept at ... Accept: text/*;q=0.3, text/html;q=0.7, text/html, text/html;q=0.4, */*;q=0.5> |
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195 |
>>> for item, quality in req.accept._parsed: |
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196 |
... print '%s: %0.1f' % (item, quality) |
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197 |
text/*: 0.3 |
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198 |
text/html: 0.7 |
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199 |
text/html: 1.0 |
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200 |
text/html: 0.4 |
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201 |
*/*: 0.5 |
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202 |
>>> '%0.1f' % req.accept.quality('text/html') |
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203 |
'0.3' |
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204 |
>>> req.accept.first_match(['text/plain', 'text/html', 'image/png']) |
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205 |
'text/plain' |
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206 |
>>> 'image/png' in req.accept |
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207 |
True |
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208 |
>>> req.environ['HTTP_ACCEPT'] = "text/html, application/xml; q=0.7, text/*; q=0.5, */*; q=0.1" |
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209 |
>>> req.accept # doctest: +ELLIPSIS |
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210 |
<MIMEAccept at ... Accept: text/html, application/xml;q=0.7, text/*;q=0.5, */*;q=0.1> |
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211 |
>>> req.accept.best_match(['text/plain', 'application/xml']) |
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212 |
'application/xml' |
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213 |
>>> req.accept.first_match(['application/xml', 'text/html']) |
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214 |
'application/xml' |
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215 |
>>> req.accept = "text/html, application/xml, text/*; q=0.5" |
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216 |
>>> 'image/png' in req.accept |
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217 |
False |
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218 |
>>> 'text/plain' in req.accept |
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219 |
True |
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220 |
>>> req.accept_charset = 'utf8' |
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221 |
>>> 'UTF8' in req.accept_charset |
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222 |
True |
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223 |
>>> 'gzip' in req.accept_encoding |
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224 |
False |
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225 |
>>> req.accept_encoding = 'gzip' |
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226 |
>>> 'GZIP' in req.accept_encoding |
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227 |
True |
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228 |
>>> req.accept_language = {'en-US': 0.5, 'es': 0.7} |
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229 |
>>> str(req.accept_language) |
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230 |
'es;q=0.7, en-US;q=0.5' |
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231 |
>>> req.headers['Accept-Language'] |
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232 |
'es;q=0.7, en-US;q=0.5' |
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233 |
>>> req.accept_language.best_matches('en-GB') |
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234 |
['es', 'en-US', 'en-GB'] |
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235 |
>>> req.accept_language.best_matches('es') |
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236 |
['es'] |
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237 |
>>> req.accept_language.best_matches('ES') |
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238 |
['es'] |
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239 |
|
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240 |
The If-Range header is a combination of a possible conditional date or |
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241 |
etag match:: |
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242 |
|
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243 |
>>> req = Request.blank('/') |
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244 |
>>> req.if_range = 'asdf' |
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245 |
>>> req.if_range |
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246 |
<IfRange etag=asdf, date=*> |
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247 |
>>> from webob import Response |
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248 |
>>> res = Response() |
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249 |
>>> res.etag = 'asdf' |
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250 |
>>> req.if_range.match_response(res) |
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251 |
True |
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252 |
>>> res.etag = None |
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253 |
>>> req.if_range.match_response(res) |
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254 |
False |
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255 |
>>> res.last_modified = datetime(2005, 1, 1, 12, 0, tzinfo=UTC) |
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256 |
>>> req.if_range = datetime(2006, 1, 1, 12, 0, tzinfo=UTC) |
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257 |
>>> req.if_range |
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258 |
<IfRange etag=*, date=Sun, 01 Jan 2006 12:00:00 GMT> |
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259 |
>>> req.if_range.match_response(res) |
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260 |
True |
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261 |
>>> res.last_modified = datetime(2007, 1, 1, 12, 0, tzinfo=UTC) |
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262 |
>>> req.if_range.match_response(res) |
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263 |
False |
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264 |
>>> req = Request.blank('/') |
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265 |
>>> req.if_range |
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266 |
<Empty If-Range> |
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267 |
>>> req.if_range.match_response(res) |
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268 |
True |
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|
269 |
|
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270 |
Ranges work like so:: |
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271 |
|
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272 |
>>> req = Request.blank('/') |
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273 |
>>> req.range = (0, 100) |
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274 |
>>> req.range |
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275 |
<Range ranges=(0, 100)> |
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276 |
>>> str(req.range) |
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277 |
'bytes=0-101' |
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278 |
|
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279 |
You can use them with responses:: |
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280 |
|
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281 |
>>> res = Response() |
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282 |
>>> res.content_range = req.range.content_range(1000) |
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283 |
>>> res.content_range |
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284 |
<ContentRange bytes 0-101/1000> |
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285 |
>>> str(res.content_range) |
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|
286 |
'bytes 0-101/1000' |
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|
287 |
>>> start, end, length = res.content_range |
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|
288 |
>>> start, end, length |
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289 |
(0, 100, 1000) |
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290 |
|
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|
291 |
A quick test of caching the request body: |
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|
292 |
|
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|
293 |
>>> from cStringIO import StringIO |
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|
294 |
>>> length = Request.request_body_tempfile_limit+10 |
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|
295 |
>>> data = StringIO('x'*length) |
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|
296 |
>>> req = Request.blank('/') |
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|
297 |
>>> req.content_length = length |
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|
298 |
>>> req.body_file = data |
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|
299 |
>>> req.body_file |
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|
300 |
<cStringIO.StringI object at ...> |
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|
301 |
>>> len(req.body) |
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|
302 |
10250 |
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|
303 |
>>> req.body_file |
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|
304 |
<open file '<fdopen>', mode 'w+b' at ...> |
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|
305 |
|
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|
306 |
Some query tests: |
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|
307 |
|
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|
308 |
>>> req = Request.blank('/') |
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|
309 |
>>> req.GET.get('unknown') |
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|
310 |
>>> req.GET.get('unknown', '?') |
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|
311 |
'?' |
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|
312 |
>>> req.POST.get('unknown') |
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|
313 |
>>> req.POST.get('unknown', '?') |
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|
314 |
'?' |
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|
315 |
>>> req.params.get('unknown') |
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|
316 |
>>> req.params.get('unknown', '?') |
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|
317 |
'?' |