author | Lennard de Rijk <ljvderijk@gmail.com> |
Mon, 13 Jul 2009 00:53:42 +0200 | |
changeset 2616 | 9321e100a7fb |
parent 109 | 620f9b141567 |
permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
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=========================== |
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Testing Django applications |
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=========================== |
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Automated testing is an extremely useful weapon in the bug-killing arsenal |
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of the modern developer. When initially writing code, a test suite can be |
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used to validate that code behaves as expected. When refactoring or |
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modifying code, tests serve as a guide to ensure that behavior hasn't |
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changed unexpectedly as a result of the refactor. |
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Testing a web application is a complex task, as there are many |
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components of a web application that must be validated and tested. To |
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help you test your application, Django provides a test execution |
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framework, and range of utilities that can be used to simulate and |
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inspect various facets of a web application. |
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This testing framework is currently under development, and may change |
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slightly before the next official Django release. |
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(That's *no* excuse not to write tests, though!) |
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Writing tests |
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============= |
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Tests in Django come in two forms: doctests and unit tests. |
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Writing doctests |
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---------------- |
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Doctests use Python's standard doctest_ module, which searches for tests in |
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your docstrings. Django's test runner looks for doctests in your ``models.py`` |
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file, and executes any that it finds. Django will also search for a file |
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called ``tests.py`` in the application directory (i.e., the directory that |
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holds ``models.py``). If a ``tests.py`` is found, it will also be searched |
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for doctests. |
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.. admonition:: What's a **docstring**? |
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A good explanation of docstrings (and some guidlines for using them |
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effectively) can be found in :PEP:`257`: |
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A docstring is a string literal that occurs as the first statement in |
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a module, function, class, or method definition. Such a docstring |
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becomes the ``__doc__`` special attribute of that object. |
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Since tests often make great documentation, doctest lets you put your |
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tests directly in your docstrings. |
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You can put doctest strings on any object in your ``models.py``, but it's |
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common practice to put application-level doctests in the module docstring, and |
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model-level doctests in the docstring for each model. |
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For example:: |
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from django.db import model |
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class Animal(models.Model): |
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""" |
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An animal that knows how to make noise |
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# Create some animals |
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>>> lion = Animal.objects.create(name="lion", sound="roar") |
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>>> cat = Animal.objects.create(name="cat", sound="meow") |
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# Make 'em speak |
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>>> lion.speak() |
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'The lion says "roar"' |
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>>> cat.speak() |
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'The cat says "meow"' |
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""" |
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name = models.CharField(maxlength=20) |
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sound = models.CharField(maxlength=20) |
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def speak(self): |
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return 'The %s says "%s"' % (self.name, self.sound) |
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When you `run your tests`_, the test utility will find this docstring, notice |
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that portions of it look like an interactive Python session, and execute those |
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lines while checking that the results match. |
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For more details about how doctest works, see the `standard library |
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documentation for doctest`_ |
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.. _doctest: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-doctest.html |
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.. _standard library documentation for doctest: doctest_ |
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Writing unittests |
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----------------- |
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Like doctests, Django's unit tests use a standard library module: unittest_. |
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As with doctests, Django's test runner looks for any unit test cases defined |
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in ``models.py``, or in a ``tests.py`` file stored in the application |
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directory. |
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An equivalent unittest test case for the above example would look like:: |
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import unittest |
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from myapp.models import Animal |
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class AnimalTestCase(unittest.TestCase): |
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def setUp(self): |
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self.lion = Animal.objects.create(name="lion", sound="roar") |
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self.cat = Animal.objects.create(name="cat", sound="meow") |
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def testSpeaking(self): |
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self.assertEquals(self.lion.speak(), 'The lion says "roar"') |
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self.assertEquals(self.cat.speak(), 'The cat says "meow"') |
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When you `run your tests`_, the test utility will find all the test cases |
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(that is, subclasses of ``unittest.TestCase``) in ``models.py`` and |
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``tests.py``, automatically build a test suite out of those test cases, |
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and run that suite. |
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115 |
|
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For more details about ``unittest``, see the `standard library unittest |
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documentation`_. |
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118 |
|
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.. _unittest: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-unittest.html |
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.. _standard library unittest documentation: unittest_ |
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.. _run your tests: `Running tests`_ |
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122 |
|
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Which should I use? |
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------------------- |
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125 |
|
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Choosing a test framework is often contentious, so Django simply supports |
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both of the standard Python test frameworks. Choosing one is up to each |
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developer's personal tastes; each is supported equally. Since each test |
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system has different benefits, the best approach is probably to use both |
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together, picking the test system to match the type of tests you need to |
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write. |
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132 |
|
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For developers new to testing, however, this choice can seem |
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confusing, so here are a few key differences to help you decide whether |
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doctests or unit tests are right for you. |
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136 |
|
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If you've been using Python for a while, ``doctest`` will probably feel more |
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"pythonic". It's designed to make writing tests as easy as possible, so |
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there's no overhead of writing classes or methods; you simply put tests in |
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docstrings. This gives the added advantage of given your modules automatic |
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documentation -- well-written doctests can kill both the documentation and the |
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testing bird with a single stone. |
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143 |
|
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For developers just getting started with testing, using doctests will probably |
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get you started faster. |
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146 |
|
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The ``unittest`` framework will probably feel very familiar to developers |
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coming from Java. Since ``unittest`` is inspired by Java's JUnit, if |
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you've used testing frameworks in other languages that similarly were |
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inspired by JUnit, ``unittest`` should also feel pretty familiar. |
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151 |
|
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Since ``unittest`` is organized around classes and methods, if you need |
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to write a bunch of tests that all share similar code, you can easily use |
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subclass to abstract common tasks; this makes test code shorter and cleaner. |
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There's also support for explicit setup and/or cleanup routines, which give |
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you a high level of control over the environment your test cases run in. |
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157 |
|
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158 |
Again, remember that you can use both systems side-by-side (even in the same |
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app). In the end, most projects will eventually end up using both; each shines |
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in different circumstances. |
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161 |
|
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162 |
Testing Tools |
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============= |
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164 |
|
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To assist in testing various features of your application, Django provides |
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tools that can be used to establish tests and test conditions. |
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167 |
|
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* `Test Client`_ |
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* Fixtures_ |
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170 |
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171 |
Test Client |
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----------- |
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173 |
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The Test Client is a simple dummy browser. It allows you to simulate |
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GET and POST requests on a URL, and observe the response that is received. |
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This allows you to test that the correct view is executed for a given URL, |
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and that the view constructs the correct response. |
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178 |
|
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As the response is generated, the Test Client gathers details on the |
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Template and Context objects that were used to generate the response. These |
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Templates and Contexts are then provided as part of the response, and can be |
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used as test conditions. |
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183 |
|
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.. admonition:: Test Client vs Browser Automation? |
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185 |
|
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The Test Client is not intended as a replacement for Twill_, Selenium_, |
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or other browser automation frameworks - it is intended to allow |
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188 |
testing of the contexts and templates produced by a view, |
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rather than the HTML rendered to the end-user. |
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190 |
|
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191 |
A comprehensive test suite should use a combination of both: Test Client |
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192 |
tests to establish that the correct view is being called and that |
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the view is collecting the correct context data, and Browser Automation |
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tests to check that user interface behaves as expected. |
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195 |
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.. _Twill: http://twill.idyll.org/ |
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.. _Selenium: http://www.openqa.org/selenium/ |
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198 |
|
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Making requests |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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201 |
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Creating an instance of ``Client`` (``django.test.client.Client``) requires |
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no arguments at time of construction. Once constructed, the following methods |
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can be invoked on the ``Client`` instance. |
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205 |
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``get(path, data={})`` |
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Make a GET request on the provided ``path``. The key-value pairs in the |
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data dictionary will be used to create a GET data payload. For example:: |
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209 |
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c = Client() |
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c.get('/customers/details/', {'name':'fred', 'age':7}) |
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|
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will result in the evaluation of a GET request equivalent to:: |
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214 |
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http://yoursite.com/customers/details/?name=fred&age=7 |
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216 |
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``post(path, data={}, content_type=MULTIPART_CONTENT)`` |
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Make a POST request on the provided ``path``. If you provide a content type |
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(e.g., ``text/xml`` for an XML payload), the contents of ``data`` will be |
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sent as-is in the POST request, using the content type in the HTTP |
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``Content-Type`` header. |
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222 |
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If you do not provide a value for ``content_type``, the values in |
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``data`` will be transmitted with a content type of ``multipart/form-data``. |
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The key-value pairs in the data dictionary will be encoded as a multipart |
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message and used to create the POST data payload. |
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|
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To submit multiple values for a given key (for example, to specify |
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the selections for a multiple selection list), provide the values as a |
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list or tuple for the required key. For example, a data dictionary of |
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``{'choices': ('a','b','d')}`` would submit three selected rows for the |
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field named ``choices``. |
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|
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Submitting files is a special case. To POST a file, you need only |
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provide the file field name as a key, and a file handle to the file you wish to |
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upload as a value. The Test Client will populate the two POST fields (i.e., |
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``field`` and ``field_file``) required by Django's FileField. For example:: |
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|
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c = Client() |
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f = open('wishlist.doc') |
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c.post('/customers/wishes/', {'name':'fred', 'attachment':f}) |
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f.close() |
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|
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will result in the evaluation of a POST request on ``/customers/wishes/``, |
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with a POST dictionary that contains `name`, `attachment` (containing the |
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file name), and `attachment_file` (containing the file data). Note that you |
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need to manually close the file after it has been provided to the POST. |
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|
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``login(path, username, password)`` |
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In a production site, it is likely that some views will be protected with |
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the @login_required decorator provided by ``django.contrib.auth``. Interacting |
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with a URL that has been login protected is a slightly complex operation, |
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so the Test Client provides a simple method to automate the login process. A |
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call to ``login()`` stimulates the series of GET and POST calls required |
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to log a user into a @login_required protected view. |
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256 |
|
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If login is possible, the final return value of ``login()`` is the response |
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that is generated by issuing a GET request on the protected URL. If login |
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is not possible, ``login()`` returns False. |
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260 |
|
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Note that since the test suite will be executed using the test database, |
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which contains no users by default. As a result, logins for your production |
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site will not work. You will need to create users as part of the test suite |
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to be able to test logins to your application. |
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265 |
|
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Testing Responses |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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268 |
|
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The ``get()``, ``post()`` and ``login()`` methods all return a Response |
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object. This Response object has the following properties that can be used |
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for testing purposes: |
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|
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=============== ========================================================== |
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Property Description |
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=============== ========================================================== |
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``status_code`` The HTTP status of the response. See RFC2616_ for a |
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full list of HTTP status codes. |
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278 |
|
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``content`` The body of the response. The is the final page |
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content as rendered by the view, or any error message |
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(such as the URL for a 302 redirect). |
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282 |
|
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``template`` The Template instance that was used to render the final |
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284 |
content. Testing ``template.name`` can be particularly |
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285 |
useful; if the template was loaded from a file, |
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``template.name`` will be the file name that was loaded. |
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287 |
|
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288 |
If multiple templates were rendered, (e.g., if one |
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289 |
template includes another template),``template`` will |
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be a list of Template objects, in the order in which |
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they were rendered. |
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292 |
|
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``context`` The Context that was used to render the template that |
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294 |
produced the response content. |
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295 |
|
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296 |
As with ``template``, if multiple templates were rendered |
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297 |
``context`` will be a list of Context objects, stored in |
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the order in which they were rendered. |
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=============== ========================================================== |
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300 |
|
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.. _RFC2616: http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html |
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302 |
|
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Exceptions |
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~~~~~~~~~~ |
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305 |
|
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If you point the Test Client at a view that raises an exception, that exception |
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307 |
will be visible in the test case. You can then use a standard ``try...catch`` |
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block, or ``unittest.TestCase.assertRaises()`` to test for exceptions. |
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309 |
|
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The only exceptions that are not visible in a Test Case are ``Http404``, |
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``PermissionDenied`` and ``SystemExit``. Django catches these exceptions |
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internally and converts them into the appropriate HTTP responses codes. |
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313 |
|
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Persistent state |
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
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316 |
|
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The Test Client is stateful; if a cookie is returned as part of a response, |
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that cookie is provided as part of the next request issued by that Client |
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instance. Expiry policies for these cookies are not followed; if you want |
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a cookie to expire, either delete it manually or create a new Client |
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instance (which will effectively delete all cookies). |
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322 |
|
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There are two properties of the Test Client which are used to store persistent |
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state information. If necessary, these properties can be interrogated as |
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part of a test condition. |
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326 |
|
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327 |
=============== ========================================================== |
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Property Description |
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329 |
=============== ========================================================== |
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330 |
``cookies`` A Python ``SimpleCookie`` object, containing the current |
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331 |
values of all the client cookies. |
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332 |
|
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``session`` A dictionary-like object containing session information. |
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334 |
See the `session documentation`_ for full details. |
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335 |
=============== ========================================================== |
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.. _`session documentation`: ../sessions/ |
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Example |
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~~~~~~~ |
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The following is a simple unit test using the Test Client:: |
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import unittest |
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from django.test.client import Client |
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class SimpleTest(unittest.TestCase): |
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def setUp(self): |
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# Every test needs a client |
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self.client = Client() |
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def test_details(self): |
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# Issue a GET request |
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response = self.client.get('/customer/details/') |
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# Check that the respose is 200 OK |
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self.failUnlessEqual(response.status_code, 200) |
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# Check that the rendered context contains 5 customers |
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self.failUnlessEqual(len(response.context['customers']), 5) |
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Fixtures |
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-------- |
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362 |
|
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A test case for a database-backed website isn't much use if there isn't any |
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data in the database. To make it easy to put test data into the database, |
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Django provides a fixtures framework. |
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366 |
|
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A *Fixture* is a collection of files that contain the serialized contents of |
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the database. Each fixture has a unique name; however, the files that |
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comprise the fixture can be distributed over multiple directories, in |
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multiple applications. |
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371 |
|
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.. note:: |
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If you have synchronized a Django project, you have already experienced |
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the use of one fixture -- the ``initial_data`` fixture. Every time you |
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synchronize the database, Django installs the ``initial_data`` fixture. |
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This provides a mechanism to populate a new database with any initial |
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data (such as a default set of categories). Fixtures with other names |
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can be installed manually using ``django-admin.py loaddata``. |
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379 |
|
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380 |
|
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However, for the purposes of unit testing, each test must be able to |
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guarantee the contents of the database at the start of each and every |
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test. To do this, Django provides a TestCase baseclass that can integrate |
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with fixtures. |
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385 |
|
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Moving from a normal unittest TestCase to a Django TestCase is easy - just |
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change the base class of your test, and define a list of fixtures |
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to be used. For example, the test case from `Writing unittests`_ would |
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look like:: |
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390 |
|
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from django.test import TestCase |
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from myapp.models import Animal |
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393 |
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class AnimalTestCase(TestCase): |
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fixtures = ['mammals.json', 'birds'] |
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396 |
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def setUp(self): |
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# test definitions as before |
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399 |
|
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400 |
At the start of each test case, before ``setUp()`` is run, Django will |
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flush the database, returning the database the state it was in directly |
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after ``syncdb`` was called. Then, all the named fixtures are installed. |
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In this example, any JSON fixture called ``mammals``, and any fixture |
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named ``birds`` will be installed. See the documentation on |
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`loading fixtures`_ for more details on defining and installing fixtures. |
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406 |
|
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.. _`loading fixtures`: ../django_admin/#loaddata-fixture-fixture |
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408 |
|
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409 |
This flush/load procedure is repeated for each test in the test case, so you |
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can be certain that the outcome of a test will not be affected by |
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another test, or the order of test execution. |
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412 |
|
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413 |
Running tests |
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============= |
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415 |
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416 |
Run your tests using your project's ``manage.py`` utility:: |
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417 |
|
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418 |
$ ./manage.py test |
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419 |
|
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420 |
If you only want to run tests for a particular application, add the |
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421 |
application name to the command line. For example, if your |
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``INSTALLED_APPS`` contains ``myproject.polls`` and ``myproject.animals``, |
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but you only want to run the animals unit tests, run:: |
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424 |
|
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425 |
$ ./manage.py test animals |
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426 |
|
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427 |
When you run your tests, you'll see a bunch of text flow by as the test |
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428 |
database is created and models are initialized. This test database is |
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429 |
created from scratch every time you run your tests. |
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430 |
|
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431 |
By default, the test database gets its name by prepending ``test_`` to |
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432 |
the database name specified by the ``DATABASE_NAME`` setting; all other |
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433 |
database settings will the same as they would be for the project normally. |
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434 |
If you wish to use a name other than the default for the test database, |
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435 |
you can use the ``TEST_DATABASE_NAME`` setting to provide a name. |
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436 |
|
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437 |
Once the test database has been established, Django will run your tests. |
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438 |
If everything goes well, at the end you'll see:: |
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439 |
|
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440 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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441 |
Ran 22 tests in 0.221s |
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442 |
|
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443 |
OK |
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444 |
|
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445 |
If there are test failures, however, you'll see full details about what tests |
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446 |
failed:: |
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447 |
|
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448 |
====================================================================== |
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changeset
|
449 |
FAIL: Doctest: ellington.core.throttle.models |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
450 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
451 |
Traceback (most recent call last): |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
452 |
File "/dev/django/test/doctest.py", line 2153, in runTest |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
453 |
raise self.failureException(self.format_failure(new.getvalue())) |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
454 |
AssertionError: Failed doctest test for myapp.models |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
455 |
File "/dev/myapp/models.py", line 0, in models |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
456 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
457 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
458 |
File "/dev/myapp/models.py", line 14, in myapp.models |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
459 |
Failed example: |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
460 |
throttle.check("actor A", "action one", limit=2, hours=1) |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
461 |
Expected: |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
462 |
True |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
463 |
Got: |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
464 |
False |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
465 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
466 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------- |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
467 |
Ran 2 tests in 0.048s |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
468 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
469 |
FAILED (failures=1) |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
470 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
471 |
The return code for the script will indicate the number of tests that failed. |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
472 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
473 |
Regardless of whether the tests pass or fail, the test database is destroyed when |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
474 |
all the tests have been executed. |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
475 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
476 |
Using a different testing framework |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
477 |
=================================== |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
478 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
479 |
Doctest and Unittest are not the only Python testing frameworks. While |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
480 |
Django doesn't provide explicit support these alternative frameworks, |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
481 |
it does provide a mechanism to allow you to invoke tests constructed for |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
482 |
an alternative framework as if they were normal Django tests. |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
483 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
484 |
When you run ``./manage.py test``, Django looks at the ``TEST_RUNNER`` |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
485 |
setting to determine what to do. By default, ``TEST_RUNNER`` points to |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
486 |
``django.test.simple.run_tests``. This method defines the default Django |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
487 |
testing behavior. This behavior involves: |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
488 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
489 |
#. Performing global pre-test setup |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
490 |
#. Creating the test database |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
491 |
#. Running ``syncdb`` to install models and initial data into the test database |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
492 |
#. Looking for Unit Tests and Doctests in ``models.py`` and ``tests.py`` file for each installed application |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
493 |
#. Running the Unit Tests and Doctests that are found |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
494 |
#. Destroying the test database |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
495 |
#. Performing global post-test teardown |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
496 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
497 |
If you define your own test runner method and point ``TEST_RUNNER`` |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
498 |
at that method, Django will execute your test runner whenever you run |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
499 |
``./manage.py test``. In this way, it is possible to use any test |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
500 |
framework that can be executed from Python code. |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
501 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
502 |
Defining a test runner |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
503 |
---------------------- |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
504 |
By convention, a test runner should be called ``run_tests``; however, you |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
505 |
can call it anything you want. The only requirement is that it accept two |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
506 |
arguments: |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
507 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
508 |
``run_tests(module_list, verbosity=1)`` |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
509 |
The module list is the list of Python modules that contain the models to be |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
510 |
tested. This is the same format returned by ``django.db.models.get_apps()`` |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
511 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
512 |
Verbosity determines the amount of notification and debug information that |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
513 |
will be printed to the console; `0` is no output, `1` is normal output, |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
514 |
and `2` is verbose output. |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
515 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
516 |
This method should return the number of tests that failed. |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
517 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
518 |
Testing utilities |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
519 |
----------------- |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
520 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
521 |
To assist in the creation of your own test runner, Django provides |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
522 |
a number of utility methods in the ``django.test.utils`` module. |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
523 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
524 |
``setup_test_environment()`` |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
525 |
Performs any global pre-test setup, such as the installing the |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
526 |
instrumentation of the template rendering system. |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
527 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
528 |
``teardown_test_environment()`` |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
529 |
Performs any global post-test teardown, such as removing the instrumentation |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
530 |
of the template rendering system. |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
531 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
532 |
``create_test_db(verbosity=1, autoclobber=False)`` |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
533 |
Creates a new test database, and run ``syncdb`` against it. |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
534 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
535 |
``verbosity`` has the same behavior as in the test runner. |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
536 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
537 |
``Autoclobber`` describes the behavior that will occur if a database with |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
538 |
the same name as the test database is discovered. If ``autoclobber`` is False, |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
539 |
the user will be asked to approve destroying the existing database. ``sys.exit`` |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
540 |
is called if the user does not approve. If autoclobber is ``True``, the database |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
541 |
will be destroyed without consulting the user. |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
542 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
543 |
``create_test_db()`` has the side effect of modifying |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
544 |
``settings.DATABASE_NAME`` to match the name of the test database. |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
545 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
546 |
``destroy_test_db(old_database_name, verbosity=1)`` |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
547 |
Destroys the database with the name ``settings.DATABASE_NAME`` matching, |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
548 |
and restores the value of ``settings.DATABASE_NAME`` to the provided name. |
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
549 |
|
620f9b141567
Load ../../google_appengine into trunk/thirdparty/google_appengine.
Todd Larsen <tlarsen@google.com>
parents:
diff
changeset
|
550 |
``verbosity`` has the same behavior as in the test runner. |