author | Lennard de Rijk <ljvderijk@gmail.com> |
Mon, 13 Jul 2009 00:53:42 +0200 | |
changeset 2616 | 9321e100a7fb |
parent 109 | 620f9b141567 |
permissions | -rw-r--r-- |
109
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Notes about supported databases |
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=============================== |
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Django attempts to support as many features as possible on all database |
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backends. However, not all database backends are alike, and we've had to make |
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design decisions on which features to support and which assumptions we can make |
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safely. |
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This file describes some of the features that might be relevant to Django |
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usage. Of course, it is not intended as a replacement for server-specific |
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documentation or reference manuals. |
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MySQL notes |
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=========== |
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Django expects the database to support transactions, referential integrity, |
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and Unicode support (UTF-8 encoding). Fortunately, MySQL_ has all these |
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features as available as far back as 3.23. While it may be possible to use |
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3.23 or 4.0, you'll probably have less trouble if you use 4.1 or 5.0. |
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MySQL 4.1 |
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--------- |
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`MySQL 4.1`_ has greatly improved support for character sets. It is possible to |
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set different default character sets on the database, table, and column. |
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Previous versions have only a server-wide character set setting. It's also the |
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first version where the character set can be changed on the fly. 4.1 also has |
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support for views, but Django currently doesn't use views. |
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MySQL 5.0 |
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--------- |
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`MySQL 5.0`_ adds the ``information_schema`` database, which contains detailed |
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data on all database schema. Django's ``inspectdb`` feature uses this |
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``information_schema`` if it's available. 5.0 also has support for stored |
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procedures, but Django currently doesn't use stored procedures. |
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.. _MySQL: http://www.mysql.com/ |
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.. _MySQL 4.1: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/4.1/en/index.html |
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.. _MySQL 5.0: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/index.html |
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Storage engines |
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--------------- |
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MySQL has several `storage engines`_ (previously called table types). You can |
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change the default storage engine in the server configuration. |
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The default engine is MyISAM_. The main drawback of MyISAM is that it doesn't |
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currently support transactions or foreign keys. On the plus side, it's |
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currently the only engine that supports full-text indexing and searching. |
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The InnoDB_ engine is fully transactional and supports foreign key references. |
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The BDB_ engine, like InnoDB, is also fully transactional and supports foreign |
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key references. However, its use seems to be deprecated. |
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`Other storage engines`_, including SolidDB_ and Falcon_, are on the horizon. |
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For now, InnoDB is probably your best choice. |
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.. _storage engines: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/storage-engines.html |
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.. _MyISAM: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/myisam-storage-engine.html |
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.. _BDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/bdb-storage-engine.html |
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.. _InnoDB: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/innodb.html |
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.. _Other storage engines: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/storage-engines-other.html |
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.. _SolidDB: http://forge.mysql.com/projects/view.php?id=139 |
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.. _Falcon: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/falcon/en/index.html |
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MySQLdb |
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`MySQLdb`_ is the Python interface to MySQL. 1.2.1 is the first version that |
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has support for MySQL 4.1 and newer. If you are trying to use an older version |
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of MySQL, then 1.2.0 *might* work for you. |
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.. _MySQLdb: http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python |
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Creating your database |
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---------------------- |
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You can `create your database`_ using the command-line tools and this SQL:: |
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CREATE DATABASE <dbname> CHARACTER SET utf8; |
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This ensures all tables and columns will use UTF-8 by default. |
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.. _create your database: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/create-database.html |
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Connecting to the database |
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-------------------------- |
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Refer to the `settings documentation`_. |
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Connection settings are used in this order: |
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1. ``DATABASE_OPTIONS`` |
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2. ``DATABASE_NAME``, ``DATABASE_USER``, ``DATABASE_PASSWORD``, ``DATABASE_HOST``, |
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``DATABASE_PORT`` |
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3. MySQL option files. |
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In other words, if you set the name of the database in ``DATABASE_OPTIONS``, |
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this will take precedence over ``DATABASE_NAME``, which would override |
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anything in a `MySQL option file`_. |
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Here's a sample configuration which uses a MySQL option file:: |
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# settings.py |
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DATABASE_ENGINE = "mysql" |
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DATABASE_OPTIONS = { |
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'read_default_file': '/path/to/my.cnf', |
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111 |
} |
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112 |
|
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113 |
# my.cnf |
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114 |
[client] |
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115 |
database = DATABASE_NAME |
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116 |
user = DATABASE_USER |
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passwd = DATABASE_PASSWORD |
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118 |
default-character-set = utf8 |
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119 |
|
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Several other MySQLdb connection options may be useful, such as ``ssl``, |
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121 |
``use_unicode``, ``init_command``, and ``sql_mode``. Consult the |
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122 |
`MySQLdb documentation`_ for more details. |
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123 |
|
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.. _settings documentation: http://www.djangoproject.com/documentation/settings/#database-engine |
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.. _MySQL option file: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/option-files.html |
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.. _MySQLdb documentation: http://mysql-python.sourceforge.net/ |
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127 |
|
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128 |
Creating your tables |
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129 |
-------------------- |
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130 |
|
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131 |
When Django generates the schema, it doesn't specify a storage engine, so |
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132 |
tables will be created with whatever default storage engine your database |
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133 |
server is configured for. The easiest solution is to set your database server's |
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134 |
default storage engine to the desired engine. |
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135 |
|
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136 |
If you're using a hosting service and can't change your server's default |
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137 |
storage engine, you have a couple of options. |
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138 |
|
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139 |
* After the tables are created, execute an ``ALTER TABLE`` statement to |
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140 |
convert a table to a new storage engine (such as InnoDB):: |
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141 |
|
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ALTER TABLE <tablename> ENGINE=INNODB; |
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143 |
|
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144 |
This can be tedious if you have a lot of tables. |
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145 |
|
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146 |
* Another option is to use the ``init_command`` option for MySQLdb prior to |
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147 |
creating your tables:: |
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148 |
|
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149 |
DATABASE_OPTIONS = { |
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150 |
# ... |
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151 |
"init_command": "SET storage_engine=INNODB", |
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152 |
# ... |
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153 |
} |
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154 |
|
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155 |
This sets the default storage engine upon connecting to the database. |
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156 |
After your tables have been created, you should remove this option. |
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157 |
|
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158 |
* Another method for changing the storage engine is described in |
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159 |
AlterModelOnSyncDB_. |
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160 |
|
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161 |
.. _AlterModelOnSyncDB: http://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/AlterModelOnSyncDB |
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162 |