--- a/latex/examples/final-include.tex	Fri Jun 04 15:48:06 2010 +0530
+++ /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,1 +0,0 @@
-This is the part of the document that has been written into another file, for convenience. This was included in the main file. 

--- a/latex/examples/final.bib	Fri Jun 04 15:48:06 2010 +0530
+++ /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-@book{Lamport94,
-author    = "Leslie Lamport",
-title     = "A Document Preparation System: User's Guide and Reference",
-publisher = "Addison-Wesley Professional",
-year      = "1994",
-edition    = "second",
-note      = "illustrations by Duane Bibby"
-}
-
-@book{Knuth84,
-author    = "Donald Knuth",
-title     = "The TeXbook",
-publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
-year      = 1984,
-note      = "illustrations by Duane Bibby"
-}
-
-
-
-

--- a/latex/examples/final.tex	Fri Jun 04 15:48:06 2010 +0530
+++ /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,199 +0,0 @@
-%hello.tex - First LaTeX document
-\documentclass[11pt,a4paper,twoside]{article}
-
-\usepackage{graphicx}
-\usepackage{listings}
-\usepackage{amsmath}
-
-\lstset{language=Python, showstringspaces=false}
-\bibliographystyle{plain}
-
-\title{LaTeX - A Two Hour Introduction}
-\author{The FOSSEE Team}
-\date{August 2009}
-
-
-\begin{document}
-\maketitle
-\tableofcontents
-\listoftables
-\listoffigures
-\begin{abstract}
-This is a sample document to be used in the STTP course for a quick introduction to \LaTeX
-\end{abstract}
-\section{Introduction}
-LaTeX is a typesetting program used to produce excellently typeset documents. It is extensively used for producing high quality scientific and mathematical documents. It may also be used for producing other kinds of documents, ranging from simple one page articles or letters 
-\section{Structural Elements}
-Let us now look at giving a better structure to our document. 
-\subsection{documentclass}
-The \verb+documentclass+ variable tells \LaTeX, the type of document we wish to prepare. 
-
-\subsection{Sections, Chapters and Parts}
-We shall first look at how to divide the document into Sections, Chapters and Parts. 
-
-\subsubsection{Appendices}
-I can't tell you how to add an appendix, in the main document. Refer Appendix \ref{append} to see how to do it. 
-
-\section{Text Typesetting}
-\begin{itemize}
-\item Now we move onto some elementary \emph{Text Typesetting}.
-
-\item How do we get \emph{emphasized or italic text}?
-
-\item \emph{Did you wonder what happens when we try \emph{emphasizing text} within \emph{emphasized text}}?
-
-\item ``Beautiful is better than ugly.''
-
-\item `In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.'
-
-\item LaTeX has 4 different types of dashes. The names of these dashes are: `-' hyphen, `--' en-dash, `---' em-dash and `$-$' minus sign. \footnote{We shall look at how to do math in a later section}
-
-\item \LaTeX has \verb+enumerate+, \verb+itemize+ and \verb+description+ commands to generate lists. 
-
-\end{itemize}
-
-\begin{flushleft}This is left flushed text. \LaTeX normally produces text with no white space at the end of the line. But, this text isn't so, if you can see.\end{flushleft}
-\begin{flushright}Similarly, Right-aligned Text here\end{flushright}
-\begin{center} and centered text here.\end{center}
-
-\begin{description}
-  \item[Description] This list is a description list. 
-  \item[Enumerate] Numbered lists are often useful.
-    \begin{enumerate}
-    \item First
-    \item Second
-    \item Third
-    \item \ldots
-    \end{enumerate}
-  \item[Itemize] The list above this description list is an itemize list.
-\end{description}
-
-\subsection{Quotes \& Verbatim Text}
-Since the \emph{Zen of Python} instructs that, 
-\begin{quote}
-Readability counts.
-\end{quote}
-we use the \verb+quote+ environment to include quotes. 
-
-\begin{verbatim}
-def signum( r ):
-    """returns 0 if r is zero
-    -1 if r is negative
-    +1 if r is positive"""
-    if r < 0:
-        return -1
-    elif r > 0:
-        return 1
-    else:
-        return 0
-\end{verbatim}
-
-\section{Tables \& Figures}
-
-\begin{table}[h]
-\caption{A simple table, on making tables}
-\centering
-\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
-  \hline
-  \verb+l+ & left justified column content\\ 
-  \hline
-  \verb+r+ & right justified column content\\ 
-  \hline
-  \verb+c+ & centered column content\\ 
-  \hline
-  \verb+*{n}{col}+ & produces \verb+n+ columns with the\\
-                   & \verb+col+ type of formatting\\
-  \cline{2-2}
-                   &\verb+*{3}{c}+ is the same as \verb+{c c c}+ \\
-  \hline
-  \verb+|+ & produces a vertical line\\ 
-  \hline
-\end{tabular}
-\end{table}
-
-\begin{figure}
-\centering
-\caption[CTAN Lion]{CTAN lion drawing by Duane Bibby; thanks to www.ctan.org}
-\label{fig:lion}
-\includegraphics[scale=0.8, angle=30]{lion_orig.png}
-\end{figure}
-
-List of Tables and List of figures can be autogenerated suigng the \verb+\listoftables+ and \verb+\listoffigures+ commands. Let's insert them after the table of contents. 
-
-Cross referencing is one of the best features of \LaTeX. The CTAN lion has the figure number \ref{fig:lion} and is on page number \pageref{fig:lion}
-
-It was drawn by Duane Bibby, a well-known commercial artist. He used this lion in the illustrations for Donald Knuth's original TeXbook\cite{Knuth84}, for Leslie Lamport's LaTeX book\cite{Lamport94}, and for other books having to do with TeX, so his work is familiar to everyone in the community. 
-
-%% \begin{thebibliography}{99}
-%%   \bibitem{Knuth84} Donald E. Knuth (1984). \emph{The TeXbook} (Computers and Typesetting, Volume A). Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-13448-9.
-  
-%%   \bibitem{Lamport94} Lamport, Leslie (1994). \emph{LaTeX: A document preparation system: User's guide and reference}.
-%%      illustrations by Duane Bibby (2nd ed.). Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Professional. 
-%% \end{thebibliography}
-
-\section{Typesetting Math}
-The equation $F=m \cdot a$ is an equation, that has been set inline. 
-Equation \eqref{force} is the same equation typeset in the display style. Note, that it is also numbered. 
-\begin{equation}
-\label{force}
-F=m\cdot a
-%%\tag{Fore-acceleration}
-\end{equation}
-More equations --- vertically aligned. 
-
-\begin{align}
-\alpha^2 + \beta^2 &= \gamma^2 \\
-\sum_{i=1}^ni &= \frac{n(n+1)}{2}\\
-\sqrt{-1} &= \pm1 \nonumber \\
-y &= \frac{r_1^2-r_3^2-x^2+(x-i)^2+j^2}{2j} \nonumber \\
-  &= \frac{r_1^2-r_3^2+i^2+j^2}{2j}-\frac{i}{j}x \\
-\end{align}
-
-\begin{equation*}
-s(t) = \left\{
- \begin{array}{rl}
-   0 & \text{if } t \le 0\\
-   1 & \text{if } t > 0
- \end{array} \right.
-\end{equation*}
-
-\begin{equation*}
-\mathbf{X} = \left(
- \begin{array}{ccc}
- a_1 & a_2 & \ldots \\
- b_1 & b_2 & \ldots \\
- \vdots & \vdots & \ddots
- \end{array} \right)
-\end{equation*}
-
-\begin{equation}
-  \begin{matrix}
-  1 & 2 \\
-  3 & 4
-  \end{matrix} \qquad \& \qquad 
-  \begin{bmatrix}
-  1 & 2 & 3 \\
-  4 & 5 & 6 \\
-  7 & 8 & 9
-  \end{bmatrix}
-\end{equation}
-
-\section{Miscellaneous}
-\subsection{Presentations}
-\subsection{Including Code}
-\begin{lstlisting}
-string="Hello, World! "
-for i in range(10):
-    print string*i
-\end{lstlisting} 
-\subsection{Including files}
-\input{final-include}
-
-\bibliography{final}
-
-\appendix
-\section{Appendices - How to}
-\label{append}
-Every Part, Chapter or Section that follows the \verb+\appendix+ command is included in the appendix. Appendices have auto numbering too. The numbering begins freshly in the appendices. 
-
-\end{document}

--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/latex/examples/glimpse-at-scipy.tex	Tue Aug 31 18:45:36 2010 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+\documentclass{article}
+
+\usepackage{amsmath} 
+\usepackage{graphicx} 
+\usepackage{color}
+\usepackage{listings} 
+\usepackage{url}
+%\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
+
+\lstset{language=Python,
+    basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+    commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape,
+  stringstyle=\color{green},
+  showstringspaces=false,
+  keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+\title{A Glimpse at Scipy}
+\author{FOSSEE}
+\date{June 2010}
+
+\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+
+\begin{abstract}
+This document shows a glimpse of the features of Scipy that will be
+explored during this course.
+\end{abstract}
+
+\section{Introduction}
+
+SciPy is open-source software for mathematics, science, and
+engineering.
+
+SciPy (pronounced ``Sigh Pie'') is a collection of mathematical
+algorithms and convenience functions built on the Numpy extension for
+Python. It adds significant power to the interactive Python session by
+exposing the user to high-level commands and classes for the
+manipulation and visualization of data. With SciPy, an interactive
+Python session becomes a data-processing and system-prototyping
+environment rivaling sytems such as \emph{Matlab, IDL, Octave, R-Lab,
+  and Scilab}. \cite{scipy}
+
+%% \begin{quote}
+%%         	In 1998, ... I came across Python and its numerical extension
+%%       	(Numeric) while I was looking for ways to analyze large data sets
+%%       	... using a high-level language. I quickly fell in love with
+%%       	Python programming which is a remarkable statement to make about a
+%%       	programming language. If I had not seen others with the same view,
+%%       	I might have seriously doubted my sanity.  -- Travis Oliphant, Creator of Numpy    
+%% \end{quote}
+
+\subsection{Sub-packages of Scipy}
+
+SciPy is organized into subpackages covering different scientific
+computing domains. These are summarized in the \underline{table
+  \ref{subpkg}}.
+
+\begin{table}
+  \caption{Sub-packages available in Scipy}
+  \label{subpkg}
+\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
+\hline
+
+\textbf{Subpackage} & \textbf{Description}\\
+
+\hline
+
+\texttt{cluster} & Clustering algorithms\\
+
+\hline
+
+\texttt{constants} & Physical and mathematical constants\\
+
+\hline
+
+\texttt{fftpack} & Fast Fourier Transform routines\\
+
+\hline
+
+\texttt{integrate} & Integration and ordinary differential equation
+solvers\\
+
+\hline
+
+\texttt{interpolate} & Interpolation and smoothing splines\\
+
+\hline
+
+\texttt{io} & Input and Output\\
+
+\hline
+
+\texttt{linalg} & Linear algebra\\
+
+\hline
+
+\texttt{maxentropy} & Maximum entropy methods\\
+
+\hline
+
+\texttt{ndimage} & N-dimensional image processing\\
+
+\hline
+
+\texttt{odr} & Orthogonal distance regression\\
+
+\hline
+
+\texttt{optimize} & Optimization and root-finding routines\\
+
+\hline
+
+\texttt{signal} & Signal processing\\
+
+\hline
+
+\texttt{sparse} & Sparse matrices and associated routines\\
+
+\hline
+
+\texttt{spatial} & Spatial data structures and algorithms\\
+
+\hline
+
+\texttt{special} & Special functions\\
+
+\hline
+
+\texttt{stats} & Statistical distributions and functions\\
+
+\hline
+
+\texttt{weave} & C/C++ integration\\
+
+\hline
+\end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+
+\subsection{Use of Scipy in this course}
+Following is a partial list of tasks we shall perform using Scipy, in
+this course.
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+  \item Plotting \footnote{using \texttt{pylab} - see Appendix
+    \ref{mpl}}
+  \item Matrix Operations
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item Inverse
+    \item Determinant
+  \end{itemize}
+  \item Solving Equations
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item System of Linear equations
+    \item Polynomials
+    \item Non-linear equations
+  \end{itemize}
+  \item Integration 
+  \begin{itemize}
+    \item Quadrature
+    \item ODEs
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{enumerate}
+\section{A Glimpse of Scipy functions}
+
+This section gives a brief overview of the tasks that are going to be
+performed using Scipy, in future classes of this course.
+
+\subsection{Matrix Operations}
+
+Let $\mathbf{A}$ be the matrix 
+\(
+\begin{bmatrix}
+1 &3 &5\\
+2 &5 &1\\
+2 &3 &8
+\end{bmatrix}
+\) 
+
+To input $\mathbf{A}$ matrix into python, we do the following in
+\texttt{ipython}\footnote{\texttt{ipython} must be started with
+  \texttt{-pylab} flag}\\
+
+\begin{lstlisting}
+  In []: A = array([[1,3,5],[2,5,1],[2,3,8]])
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\subsubsection{Inverse}
+
+The inverse of a matrix $\mathbf{A}$ is the matrix $\mathbf{B}$ such
+that $\mathbf{A}\mathbf{B} = \mathbf{I}$ where $\mathbf{I}$ is the
+identity matrix consisting of ones down the main diagonal. Usually
+$\mathbf{B}$ is denoted $\mathbf{B} = \mathbf{A}^{-1}$ . In SciPy, the
+matrix inverse of matrix $\mathbf{A}$ is obtained using
+
+\lstinline+inv(A)+.
+\begin{lstlisting}
+  In []: inv(A)
+  Out[]: 
+  array([[-1.48,  0.36,  0.88],
+         [ 0.56,  0.08, -0.36],
+         [ 0.16, -0.12,  0.04]])
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\subsubsection{Determinant}
+
+The determinant of a square matrix $\mathbf{A}$ is denoted
+$\left|\mathbf{A}\right|$. Suppose $a_{ij}$ are the elements of the
+matrix $\mathbf{A}$ and let
+$\mathbf{M}_{ij}=\left|\mathbf{A}_{ij}\right|$ be the determinant of
+the matrix left by removing the $i^{th}$ row and $j^{th}$ column from
+$\mathbf{A}$. Then for any row $i$
+
+    \[ \left|\mathbf{A}\right|=\sum_{j}\left(-1\right)^{i+j}a_{ij}\mathbf{M}_{ij} \]
+
+This is a recursive way to define the determinant where the base case
+is defined by accepting that the determinant of a $1\times1$ matrix is
+the only matrix element. In SciPy the determinant can be calculated
+with $det$ . For example, the determinant of
+
+    \[ \mathbf{A}=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 3 & 5\\ 2 & 5 & 1\\ 2 & 3 & 8\end{bmatrix}\]
+
+is
+
+    \begin{eqnarray*} 
+      |\mathbf{A}| & = & 1\begin{vmatrix} 5 & 1\\ 3 & 8\end{vmatrix}
+                        -3\begin{vmatrix} 2 & 1\\ 2 & 8\end{vmatrix}
+                        +5\begin{vmatrix}2 & 5\\ 2 & 3\end{vmatrix}\\  
+                   & = & 1(5\cdot8-3\cdot1)-3(2\cdot8-2\cdot1)+5(2\cdot3-2\cdot5)=-25
+    \end{eqnarray*}
+
+In SciPy, this is computed as shown below
+
+\begin{lstlisting}
+  In []: A = array([[1, 3, 5], [2, 5, 1], [2, 3, 8]])
+  In []: det(A)
+  Out[]: -25.0
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\subsection{Solving Equations}
+
+\subsubsection{Linear Equations}
+
+Solving linear systems of equations is straightforward using the scipy
+command \lstinline+solve+. This command expects an input matrix and a
+right-hand-side vector. The solution vector is then computed. An
+option for entering a symmetrix matrix is offered which can speed up
+the processing when applicable.  As an example, suppose it is desired
+to solve the following simultaneous equations:
+
+    \begin{eqnarray} x+3y+5z & = & 10\\ 2x+5y+z & = & 8\\ 2x+3y+8z & = & 3\end{eqnarray}
+
+We could find the solution vector using a matrix inverse:
+
+    \[ \left[\begin{array}{c} x\\ y\\ z\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 3 & 5\\ 2 & 5 & 1\\ 2 & 3 & 8\end{array}\right]^{-1}\left[\begin{array}{c} 10\\ 8\\ 3\end{array}\right]=\frac{1}{25}\left[\begin{array}{c} -232\\ 129\\ 19\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c} -9.28\\ 5.16\\ 0.76\end{array}\right] \]
+
+However, it is better to use the solve command which can be faster and
+more numerically stable. In this case it however gives the same
+answer.
+
+\begin{lstlisting}
+  In []: A = array([[1, 3, 5], [2, 5, 1], [2, 3, 8]])
+  In []: b = array([[10], [8], [3]])
+  In []: dot(inv(A), b)
+  Out[]: 
+  array([[-9.28],
+         [ 5.16],
+         [ 0.76]])
+
+  In []: solve(A,b)
+  Out[]: 
+  array([[-9.28],
+         [ 5.16],
+         [ 0.76]])
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\subsubsection{Polynomials}
+
+Solving a polynomial is straightforward in scipy using the
+\lstinline+roots+ command. It expects the coefficients of the
+polynomial in their decreasing order. For example, let's find the
+roots of $x^3 - 2x^2 - \frac{1}{2}x + 1$ are $2$, $\sqrt{2}$ and
+$-\sqrt{2}$. This is easy to see.
+
+\begin{align*}
+x^3 - 2x^2 - \frac{1}{2}x + 1 = 0\\
+x^2(x-2) - \frac{1}{2}(x-2) = 0\\
+(x-2)(x^2 - \frac{1}{2}) = 0\\
+(x-2)(x - \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}})(x + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}) = 0
+\end{align*}
+
+We do it in scipy as shown below:
+\begin{lstlisting}
+  In []: coeff = array([1, -2, -2, 4])
+  In []: roots(coeff)
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\subsubsection{Non-linear Equations}
+
+To find a root of a set of non-linear equations, the command
+\lstinline+fsolve+ is needed. For example, the following example finds
+the roots of the single-variable transcendental equation
+
+    \[ x+2\cos\left(x\right)=0,\]
+
+and the set of non-linear equations
+
+    \begin{align} 
+      x_{0}\cos\left(x_{1}\right) &= 4,\\ 
+      x_{0}x_{1}-x_{1} &= 5
+    \end{align}
+
+The results are $x=-1.0299$ and $x_{0}=6.5041,\, x_{1}=0.9084$ .
+
+\begin{lstlisting}
+In []: def func(x):
+   ...:     return x + 2*cos(x)
+
+In []: def func2(x):
+  ...:     out = [x[0]*cos(x[1]) - 4]
+  ...:     out.append(x[1]*x[0] - x[1] - 5)
+  ...:     return out
+
+In []: from scipy.optimize import fsolve
+In []: x0 = fsolve(func, 0.3)
+In []: print x0
+-1.02986652932
+
+In []: x02 = fsolve(func2, [1, 1])
+In []: print x02
+[ 6.50409711  0.90841421]
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\subsection{Integration}
+% To be done in the lab. 
+\subsubsection{Quadrature}
+
+The function \texttt{quad} is provided to integrate a function of one
+variable between two points. The points can be $\pm\infty$ ($\pm$
+\texttt{inf}) to indicate infinite limits. For example, suppose you
+wish to integrate the expression $e^{\sin(x)}$ in the interval
+$[0,2\pi]$, i.e. $\int_0^{2\pi}e^{\sin(x)}dx$, it could be computed
+using
+
+\begin{lstlisting}
+In []: def func(x):
+   ...:     return exp(sin(x))
+
+In []: from scipy.integrate import quad
+In []: result = quad(func, 0, 2*pi)
+In []: print result
+(7.9549265210128457, 4.0521874164521979e-10)
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\subsubsection{ODE}
+
+We wish to solve an (a system of) Ordinary Differential Equation. For
+this purpose, we shall use \lstinline{odeint}. As an illustration, let
+us solve the ODE 
+
+\begin{align} 
+  \frac{dy}{dt} = ky(L-y)\\ 
+  L = 25000,\,k = 0.00003,\,y(0) = 250 \nonumber 
+\end{align}
+
+We solve it in scipy as shown below. 
+
+\begin{lstlisting}
+In []: from scipy.integrate import odeint
+In []: def f(y, t):
+  ...:     k, L = 0.00003, 25000
+  ...:     return k*y*(L-y)
+  ...:
+In []: t = linspace(0, 12, 60)
+In []: y0 = 250
+In []: y = odeint(f, y0, t)
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+Note: To solve a system of ODEs, we need to change the function to
+return the right hand side of all the equations and the system and the
+pass the required number of initial conditions to the
+\lstinline{odeint} function.
+
+\appendix
+
+\section{Plotting using Pylab}\label{mpl}
+
+The following piece of code, produces the plot in Figure \ref{fig:sin}
+using \texttt{pylab}\cite{pylab} in \texttt{ipython}\footnote{start
+  \texttt{ipython} with \texttt{-pylab} flag}\cite{ipy}
+
+\begin{lstlisting}
+In []: x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50)
+In []: plot(x, sin(x))
+In []: title('Sine Curve between 0 and $\pi$')
+In []: legend(['sin(x)'])
+\end{lstlisting}
+
+\begin{figure}[h!]
+  \begin{center}
+    \includegraphics[scale=0.4]{sine}    
+  \end{center}
+  \caption{Sine curve}
+  \label{fig:sin}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{9}
+  \bibitem{scipy} 
+    Eric Jones and Travis Oliphant and Pearu Peterson and others,
+    \emph{SciPy: Open source scientific tools for Python}, 2001 -- , 
+    \url{http://www.scipy.org/} 
+
+  \bibitem{pylab}
+   John D. Hunter, ``Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment,''
+   \emph{Computing in Science and Engineering}, vol. 9, no. 3,
+   pp. 90-95, May/June 2007, doi:10.1109/MCSE.2007.55 
+
+  \bibitem{ipy}
+    Fernando Perez, Brian E. Granger, ``IPython: A System for
+    Interactive Scientific Computing,'' \emph{Computing in Science and
+    Engineering}, vol.~9, no.~3, pp.~21-29, May/June 2007,
+    doi:10.1109/MCSE.2007.53. 
+
+\end{thebibliography}
+\end{document}

Binary file latex/examples/hello.jpg has changed

--- a/latex/examples/hello.tex	Fri Jun 04 15:48:06 2010 +0530
+++ /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-  %hello.tex - First LaTeX document
-  \documentclass{article}
-
-  \begin{document}
-    Hello, World!
-  \end{document}

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Binary file latex/examples/sine.png has changed

--- a/latex/handout.rst	Fri Jun 04 15:48:06 2010 +0530
+++ b/latex/handout.rst	Tue Aug 31 18:45:36 2010 +0530
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@
 This command includes the first 20 lines of the file ``lstexample.py`` into out LaTeX document. 
 
 Tables, Figures, Floats, & Referencing
----------------------------------------------
+--------------------------------------
 
 Tables
 ~~~~~~
@@ -538,6 +538,7 @@
 
   \includegraphics[scale=0.8, angle=30]{lion_orig.png}
 
+
 Floats
 ~~~~~~