# HG changeset patch # User Puneeth Chaganti # Date 1286948500 -19800 # Node ID 3f942b8d3f2f7c669e00a66b742301df566c38c5 # Parent c670fa2c375ef0a30a630345ab615d3c1740c385 Multiple plots LO - script and questions. diff -r c670fa2c375e -r 3f942b8d3f2f multiple-plots/questions.rst --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/multiple-plots/questions.rst Wed Oct 13 11:11:40 2010 +0530 @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +Objective Questions +------------------- + +.. A mininum of 8 questions here (along with answers) + +1. Multiple plots appear in different figures by default. True or False? + + Answer: False + +#. What command is used to get individual plots separately? + + Answer: Figure + +#. Which figure is closed after the following commands are run? + +:: + + x = linspace(0, 50, 500) + figure(1) + plot(x, sin(x), 'b') + figure(2) + plot(x, cos(x), 'g') + xlabel('x') + ylabel('cos(x)') + close() + + Answer: Figure 2 + +#. Describe the plot obtained by the following commands:: + + x = linspace(0, 50, 500) + subplot(2, 1, 1) + plot(x, sin(x), 'b') + +Answer: A figure window with space for 2 plots one below the other is + obtained. The sine plot with blue line appears in the first row. + +#. Describe the plot obtained by the following commands:: + + x = linspace(0, 50, 500) + subplot(2, 1, 1) + plot(x, sin(x), 'b') + subplot(2, 1, 2) + plot(x, cos(x), 'g') + + Answer: 2 plots one below another. sine in blue on first row. cosine + in green in the second row. + +#. Describe the plot obtained by the following commands:: + + x = linspace(0, 50, 500) + subplot(2, 1, 1) + plot(x, sin(x), 'b') + subplot(2, 1, 2) + plot(x, cos(x), 'g') + subplot(2, 1, 1) + plot(x, tan(x), 'r') + + Answer: 2 plots one below another. tan in red on first row. cosine + in green in the second row. + + +#. Which of the following gives the correct legend for the commands below + + a. legend([sin, cos, tan]) + #. legend([tan, cos, sin]) + #. legend[(tan, cos, sin)] + #. legend(['sin', 'cos', 'tan']) + #. legend(['tan', 'cos', 'sin']) + +:: + + x = linspace(0, 50, 500) + figure(1) + plot(x, sin(x), 'b') + figure(2) + plot(x, cos(x), 'g') + figure(3) + plot(x, tan(x), 'b') + + Answer: legend(['tan', 'cos', 'sin']) + +Larger Questions +---------------- + +.. A minimum of 2 questions here (along with answers) + +1. Question 1 +2. Question 2 diff -r c670fa2c375e -r 3f942b8d3f2f multiple-plots/script.rst --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/multiple-plots/script.rst Wed Oct 13 11:11:40 2010 +0530 @@ -0,0 +1,383 @@ +.. Objectives +.. ---------- + +.. * How to draw multiple plots which are overlaid +.. * the figure command +.. * the legend command +.. * how to switch between the plots and perform some operations on each +.. of them like saving the plots and +.. * creating and switching between subplots + + +.. Prerequisites +.. ------------- + +.. 1. using the plot command interactively +.. 2. embellishing a plot +.. 3. saving plots + +.. Author : Madhu + Internal Reviewer 1 : [potential reviewer: Puneeth] + Internal Reviewer 2 : Nishanth + External Reviewer : + +Script +------ + +{{{ Show the slide containing the title }}} + +Hello friends. Welcome to this spoken tutorial on Multiple plots. + +{{{ Show the slide containing the outline }}} + +In this tutorial, we will learn how to draw more than one plot, how to +add legends to each plot to indicate what each plot represents. We +will also learn how to switch between the plots and create multiple +plots with different regular axes which are also called as subplots. + +.. #[Nishanth]: See diff - edited a grammatical mistake +.. #[Madhu: Done] + +{{{ Shift to terminal and start ipython -pylab }}} + +To begin with let us start ipython with pylab, by typing:: + + ipython -pylab + +on the terminal + +Let us first create set of points for our plot. For this we will use +the command called linspace:: + + x = linspace(0, 50, 10) + +linspace command creates 10 points in the interval between 0 and 50 +both inclusive. We assign these values to a variable called x. + +.. #[Nishanth]: pre requisite for this LO is basic plotting which + covers linspace and plot. So you may not need to + specify all that again. But not a problem if it is + there also. +.. #[Madhu: Since I thought the LOs are disconnected, I thought it is + better to give a very short intro to it] + +Now let us draw a plot simple sine plot using these points:: + + plot(x, sin(x)) + +This should give us a nice sine plot. + +{{{ Switch to the plot window }}} + +Oh! wait! Is that a nice sine plot? Does a sine plot actually look +like that? We know that a sine plot is a smooth curve. Is it not? What +really caused this? + +.. #[Nishanth]: See diff +.. #[Madhu: Done] + +{{{ pause for a while }}} + +A small investigation on linspace tells us that we chose too few +points in a large interval between 0 and 50 for the curve to be +smooth. This should also indicate that the plot command actually plots +the set of points given by x and sin(x) and it doesn't plot the +analytical function itself i.e. it plots the points given by +Analytical functions. So now let us use linspace again to get 500 +points between 0 and 100 and draw the sine plot + +.. #[Nishanth]: Here specify that when we do plot(x, sin(x) + it is actually plotting two sets of points + and not analytical functions. Hence the sharp + curve. +.. #[Madhu: Incorporated] + +{{{ Switch to ipython andtype }}} :: + + y = linspace(0, 50, 500) + plot(y, sin(y)) + +{{{ Change to the plot window }}} + +Now we see what we remember as a sine plot. A smooth curve. If we +carefully notice we also have two plots now one overlaid upon +another. In pylab, by default all the plots are overlaid. + +Since we have two plots now overlaid upon each other we would like to +have a way to indicate what each plot represents to distinguish +between them. This is accomplished using legends. Equivalently, the +legend command does this for us + +{{{ Switch to ipython }}}:: + + legend(['sin(x)', 'cos(x)']) + +.. #[Nishanth]: This legend may go up in the script. May be before + introducing the figure command itself. +.. #[Madhu: brought up] + +The legend command takes a single list of parameters where each +parameter is the text indicating the plots in the order of their +serial number. + +{{{ Switch to plot window }}} + +Now we can see the legends being displayed for the respective sine and +cosine plots on the plot area. + +We have learnt quite a lot of things now, so let us take up an +exercise problem. + +%% 1 %% Draw two plots overlaid upon each other, with the first plot + being a parabola of the form y = 4(x ^ 2) and the second being a + straight line of the form y = 2x + 3 in the interval -5 to 5. Use + colors to differentiate between the plots and use legends to + indicate what each plot is doing. + +{{{ pause for a while and continue from paused state }}} + +We can obtain the two plots in different colors using the following +commands:: + + x = linspace(-5, 5, 100) + plot(x, 4 * (x * x), 'b') + plot(x, (2 * x) + 3, 'g') + +Now we can use the legend command as:: + + legend(['Parabola', 'Straight Line']) + +Or we can also just give the equations of the plot:: + + legend(['y = 4(x ^ 2)', 'y = 2x + 3']) + +We now know how to draw multiple plots and use legends to indicate +which plot represents what function, but we would like to have more +control over the plots we draw. Like switch between them, perform some +operations or labelling on them individually and so on. Let us see how +to accomplish this. Before we move on, let us clear our screen. + +{{{ Switch to ipython }}}:: + + clf() + +To accomplishing more control over individual plots we use the figure +command:: + + x = linspace(0, 50, 500) + figure(1) + plot(x, sin(x), 'b') + figure(2) + plot(x, cos(x), 'g') + +{{{ Switch to plot window }}} + +Now we have two plots, a sine plot and a cosine plot in two different +figures. + +.. #[Nishanth]: figure(1) and figure(2) give two different plots. + The remaining script moves on the fact that they + give overlaid plots which is not the case. + So clear the figure and plot cos and sin without + introducing figure command. Then introduce legend + and finish off the everything on legend. + Then introduce figure command. + +.. #[Madhu: I have just moved up the text about legend command. I + think that should take care of what you suggested. If there is + some mistake with it, Punch please let me know in your next + review.] + +{{{ Have both plot window and ipython side by side }}} + +The figure command takes an integer as an argument which is the serial +number of the plot. This selects the corresponding plot. All the plot +commands we run after this are applied to the selected plot. In this +example figure 1 is the sine plot and figure 2 is the cosine plot. We +can, for example, save each plot separately + +{{{ Switch to ipython }}}:: + + savefig('/home/user/cosine.png') + figure(1) + title('sin(y)') + savefig('/home/user/sine.png') + +{{{ Have both plot window and ipython side by side }}} + +We also titled the our first plot as 'sin(y)' which we did not do for +the second plot. + +Let us attempt another exercise problem + +%% 2 %% Draw a line of the form y = x as one figure and another line + of the form y = 2x + 3. Switch back to the first figure, annotate + the x and y intercepts. Now switch to the second figure and + annotate its x and y intercepts. Save each of them. + +{{{ Pause for a while and continue from the paused state }}} + +To solve this problem we should first create the first figure using +the figure command. Before that, let us first run clf command to make +sure all the previous plots are cleared:: + + clf() + figure(1) + x = linspace(-5, 5, 100) + plot(x, x) + +Now we can use figure command to create second plotting area and plot +the figure:: + + figure(2) + plot(x, ((2 * x) + 3)) + +Now to switch between the figures we can use figure command. So let us +switch to figure 1. We are asked to annotate x and y intercepts of the +figure 1 but since figure 1 passes through origin we will have to +annotate the origin. We will annotate the intercepts for the second +figure and save them as follows:: + + figure(1) + annotate('Origin', xy=(0.0, 0.0) + figure(2) + annotate('x-intercept', xy=(0, 3)) + annotate('y-intercept', xy=(0, -1.5)) + savefig('/home/fossee/plot2.png') + figure(1) + savefig('/home/fossee/plot1.png') + +At times we run into situations where we want to compare two plots and +in such cases we want to draw both the plots in the same plotting +area. The situation is such that the two plots have different regular +axes which means we cannot draw overlaid plots. In such cases we can +draw subplots. + +We use subplot command to accomplish this + +{{{ Switch to ipython }}}:: + + subplot(2, 1, 1) + +subplot command takes three arguments, the first being the number of +rows of subplots that must be created, + +{{{ Have both plot window and ipython side by side }}} + +in this case we have 2 so it spilts the plotting area horizontally for +two subplots. The second argument specifies the number of coloumns of +subplots that must be created. We passed 1 as the argument so the +plotting area won't be split vertically and the last argument +specifies what subplot must be created now in the order of the serial +number. In this case we passed 1 as the argument, so the first subplot +that is top half is created. If we execute the subplot command as + +{{{ Switch to ipython }}}:: + + subplot(2, 1, 2) + +{{{ Switch to plot window }}} + +The lower subplot is created. Now we can draw plots in each of the +subplot area using the plot command. + +{{{ Switch to ipython }}}:: + + x = linspace(0, 50, 500) + plot(x, cos(x)) + subplot(2, 1, 1) + y = linspace(0, 5, 100) + plot(y, y ** 2) + +{{{ Have both plot window and ipython side by side }}} + +This created two plots one in each of the subplot area. The top +subplot holds a parabola and the bottom subplot holds a cosine +curve. + +As seen here we can use subplot command to switch between the subplot +as well, but we have to use the same arguments as we used to create +that subplot, otherwise the previous subplot at that place will be +automatically erased. It is clear from the two subplots that both have +different regular axes. For the cosine plot x-axis varies from 0 to +100 and y-axis varies from 0 to 1 where as for the parabolic plot the +x-axis varies from 0 to 10 and y-axis varies from 0 to 100 + +.. #[Nishanth]: stress on the similarity between subplot and figure + commands + +.. #[Madhu: I think they are not really similar. Trying to bring in + the similarity will confuse people I think.] + +%% 3 %% We know that the Pressure, Volume and Temperatures are held by +the equation PV = nRT where nR is a constant. Let us assume nR = .01 +Joules/Kelvin and T = 200K. V can be in the range from 21cc to +100cc. Draw two different plots as subplots, one being the Pressure +versus Volume plot and the other being Pressure versus Temparature +plot. + +{{{ Pause for a while and continue }}} + +To start with, we have been given the range of Volume using which we +can define the variable V:: + + V = linspace(21, 100, 500) + +Now we can create first subplot and draw Pressure versus Volume graph +using this V. We know that nRT is a constant which is equal to 2.0 +since nR = 0.01 Joules/Kelvin and T = 200 Kelvin:: + + subplot(2, 1, 1) + plot(V, 2.0/V) + +Now we can create the second subplot and draw the Pressure versus +Temparature plot as follows:: + + subplot(2, 1, 2) + plot(200, 2.0/V) + +Unfortunately we have an error now, telling x and y dimensions don't +match. This is because our V contains a set of values as returned by +linspace and hence 2.0/V which is the pressure also contains a set of +values. But the first argument to the plot command is a single +value. So to plot this data we need to create as many points as there +are in Pressure or Volume data for Temperature too, all having the +same value. This can be accomplished using:: + + T = linspace(200, 200, 500) + +We now have 500 values in T each with the value 200 Kelvin. Plotting +this data we get the required plot:: + + plot(T, 2.0/V) + +It is left as a homework to label both X and Y axes for each of the +two subplots. + +{{{ Show summary slide }}} + +.. #[Nishanth]: Exercises are missing in the script + one exercise for overlaid plot and legend + one for figure command + one for subplot must do + +This brings us to the end of another session. In this tutorial session +we learnt + + * How to draw multiple plots which are overlaid + * the figure command + * the legend command + * how to switch between the plots and perform some operations on each + of them like saving the plots and + * creating and switching between subplots + +.. #[Nishanth]: legend command can be told right after overlaid plots +.. #[Madhu: Incorporated] + +{{{ Show the "sponsored by FOSSEE" slide }}} + +This tutorial was created as a part of FOSSEE project, NME ICT, MHRD India + +Hope you have enjoyed and found it useful. +Thank you! + diff -r c670fa2c375e -r 3f942b8d3f2f multiple-plots/slides.org --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/multiple-plots/slides.org Wed Oct 13 11:11:40 2010 +0530 @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer +#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation] +#+BEAMER_FRAME_LEVEL: 1 + +#+BEAMER_HEADER_EXTRA: \usetheme{Warsaw}\usecolortheme{default}\useoutertheme{infolines}\setbeamercovered{transparent} +#+COLUMNS: %45ITEM %10BEAMER_env(Env) %10BEAMER_envargs(Env Args) %4BEAMER_col(Col) %8BEAMER_extra(Extra) +#+PROPERTY: BEAMER_col_ALL 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 :ETC + +#+LaTeX_CLASS: beamer +#+LaTeX_CLASS_OPTIONS: [presentation] + +#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage[english]{babel} \usepackage{ae,aecompl} +#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} \usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet} + +#+LaTeX_HEADER: \usepackage{listings} + +#+LaTeX_HEADER:\lstset{language=Python, basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries, +#+LaTeX_HEADER: commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, stringstyle=\color{darkgreen}, +#+LaTeX_HEADER: showstringspaces=false, keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries} + +#+TITLE: Accessing parts of arrays +#+AUTHOR: FOSSEE +#+EMAIL: +#+DATE: + +#+DESCRIPTION: +#+KEYWORDS: +#+LANGUAGE: en +#+OPTIONS: H:3 num:nil toc:nil \n:nil @:t ::t |:t ^:t -:t f:t *:t <:t +#+OPTIONS: TeX:t LaTeX:nil skip:nil d:nil todo:nil pri:nil tags:not-in-toc + +* Outline + - Manipulating one and multi dimensional arrays + - Access and change individual elements + - Access and change rows and columns + - Slicing and striding on arrays to access chunks + - Read images into arrays and manipulations +* Sample Arrays + #+begin_src python + In []: A = array([12, 23, 34, 45, 56]) + + In []: C = array([[11, 12, 13, 14, 15], + [21, 22, 23, 24, 25], + [31, 32, 33, 34, 35], + [41, 42, 43, 44, 45], + [51, 52, 53, 54, 55]]) + + #+end_src +* Question 1 + Change the last column of ~C~ to zeroes. +* Solution 1 + #+begin_src python + In []: C[:, -1] = 0 + #+end_src +* Question 2 + Change ~A~ to ~[11, 12, 13, 14, 15]~. +* Solution 2 + #+begin_src python + In []: A[:] = [11, 12, 13, 14, 15] + #+end_src +* squares.png + #+begin_latex + \begin{center} + \includegraphics[scale=0.6]{squares} + \end{center} + #+end_latex +* Question 3 + - obtain ~[22, 23]~ from ~C~. + - obtain ~[11, 21, 31, 41]~ from ~C~. + - obtain ~[21, 31, 41, 0]~. +* Solution 3 + #+begin_src python + In []: C[1, 1:3] + In []: C[0:4, 0] + In []: C[1:5, 0] + #+end_src +* Question 4 + Obtain ~[[23, 24], [33, -34]]~ from ~C~ +* Solution 4 + #+begin_src python + In []: C[1:3, 2:4] + #+end_src +* Question 5 + Obtain the square in the center of the image +* Solution 5 + #+begin_src python + In []: imshow(I[75:225, 75:225]) + #+end_src +* Question 6 + Obtain the following + #+begin_src python + [[12, 0], [42, 0]] + [[12, 13, 14], [0, 0, 0]] + #+end_src + +* Solution 6 + #+begin_src python + In []: C[::3, 1::3] + In []: C[::4, 1:4] + #+end_src +* Summary + You should now be able to -- + - Manipulate 1D \& Multi dimensional arrays + - Access and change individual elements + - Access and change rows and columns + - Slice and stride on arrays + - Read images into arrays and manipulate them. +* Thank you! +#+begin_latex + \begin{block}{} + \begin{center} + This spoken tutorial has been produced by the + \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the + \end{center} + \begin{center} + \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\ + Information \& Communication Technology \\ + MHRD, Govt. of India}. + \end{center} + \end{block} +#+end_latex + + diff -r c670fa2c375e -r 3f942b8d3f2f multiple-plots/slides.tex --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/multiple-plots/slides.tex Wed Oct 13 11:11:40 2010 +0530 @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%Tutorial slides on Python. +% +% Author: FOSSEE +% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\documentclass[14pt,compress]{beamer} +%\documentclass[draft]{beamer} +%\documentclass[compress,handout]{beamer} +%\usepackage{pgfpages} +%\pgfpagesuselayout{2 on 1}[a4paper,border shrink=5mm] + +% Modified from: generic-ornate-15min-45min.de.tex +\mode +{ + \usetheme{Warsaw} + \useoutertheme{infolines} + \setbeamercovered{transparent} +} + +\usepackage[english]{babel} +\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} +%\usepackage{times} +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} + +\usepackage{ae,aecompl} +\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} +\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet} + +\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0} + +\usepackage{listings} +\lstset{language=Python, + basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries, + commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, + stringstyle=\color{darkgreen}, + showstringspaces=false, + keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% Macros +\setbeamercolor{emphbar}{bg=blue!20, fg=black} +\newcommand{\emphbar}[1] +{\begin{beamercolorbox}[rounded=true]{emphbar} + {#1} + \end{beamercolorbox} +} +\newcounter{time} +\setcounter{time}{0} +\newcommand{\inctime}[1]{\addtocounter{time}{#1}{\tiny \thetime\ m}} + +\newcommand{\typ}[1]{\lstinline{#1}} + +\newcommand{\kwrd}[1]{ \texttt{\textbf{\color{blue}{#1}}} } + +% Title page +\title{Your Title Here} + +\author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE} + +\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay} +\date{} + +% DOCUMENT STARTS +\begin{document} + +\begin{frame} + \maketitle +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Outline} + \begin{itemize} + \item + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% All other slides here. %% +%% The same slides will be used in a classroom setting. %% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Summary} + \begin{itemize} + \item + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Thank you!} + \begin{block}{} + \begin{center} + This spoken tutorial has been produced by the + \textcolor{blue}{FOSSEE} team, which is funded by the + \end{center} + \begin{center} + \textcolor{blue}{National Mission on Education through \\ + Information \& Communication Technology \\ + MHRD, Govt. of India}. + \end{center} + \end{block} +\end{frame} + +\end{document}