diff -r c1099ad60539 -r 4ebff217844e cond-loops.org --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/cond-loops.org Mon Apr 26 18:15:00 2010 +0530 @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +* Control statements +*** Outline +***** Introduction +******* What are we going to do? +******* How are we going to do? +******* Arsenal Required +********* working knowledge of arrays + +*** Script + Welcome. + + In this tutorial we shall be covering conditional statements and + control loops. We have used them already in some of our previous + sessions with brief introduction. We shall be covering 'if-else' + statement, 'while' and 'for' loops. + For understanding of conditional statement we will write a python + script. Open Scite text editor by going to Applications-> + Programming->Scite: + First we prompt user for entering a integer by using raw_input + x = int(raw_input("Enter an integer: ")) + we convert the input string to 'int' + if x < 0: + We check if number is less then zero + if condition is true we print + print 'Be positive!' + note the indentation + elif x == 0: + This is else-if condition and corresponding message + end of previous indentation indicates ending of a block + print 'Zero' + elif x == 1: + print 'Single' + else: + This is else block which is executed when all if, and else + if statements fails. + print 'More' + Save this script in home folder with name '.py' + To run this script inside IPython we first start interpreter and + type + %run '.py' + It will prompt us to enter a integer and based on our input it + prints appropriate message. + + Python supports only if-elif-else conditional constructs, + switch-case statements are not available/supported in Python. + We can use binary operators like and/or/not to check for multiple + conditions. + + Now lets look at loop constructs available. Python supports 'while' + and 'for' statements. We will write a script to understand 'while' + statement. In Scite click on 'new' file shortcut to open a new tab + We shall write a script for printing all fabonacci numbers less then + 10. In this series Sum of previous two elements defines the next + element. + + First we initialize two variable to first and second number of + series + a, b = 0, 1 + while b < 10: + This block will be executed till this condition holds True + print b, + Note ',' here for printing values in one continues line. + a, b = b, a+b + This is one powerful feature of Python, swapping and assigning + new values at the same time. After this statement a will have + present 'b' value and b will have value of 'a+b'(phew this can be close) + + Save this file as 'fabonacci.py' and lets run it from IPython + interpreter by + %run fabonacci.py + + 'for' in python works any kind of iterable objects. In our + previous sessions we used 'for' to iterate through files and lists. + So in case we want to get square of say first five numbers using + 'for' loop, we will have to create a list. For this we will use + 'range' function available. Lets take a look at documentation + available for 'range' function by typing + range? + It takes three arguments, first being the start/initial value + second one being stop/last value and third being the step size. + Out of these 'start' and 'step' arguments are optional. + So if we use range to get first five number it would be + range(5) + Note here that last/stop value is not included in resulting + list. So to get square of first five number all we have to do is + iterate over this list. + for i in range(5): + ....print i, i*i + .... + .... + Similarly to get square of all odd numbers from 3 to 9 we can do + something like + + for i in range(3, 10, 2): + so the list returned from range this time will start from 3 and + end at 10(excluding it) with step size of 2 so we get odd numbers + only + ....print i, i*i + .... + .... + + That brings us to the end of this tutorial. We have covered more + details on conditional statements in Python. How to write loops + using 'while' loops. Range function and using for loop with range + + Thank you! + +*** Notes +