diff -r e75538bca178 -r 476ea1730aee using-sage.rst --- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/using-sage.rst Thu Sep 16 12:10:16 2010 +0530 @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +======== + Script +======== + +{{{ show the welcome slide }}} + +Welcome to this tutorial on using Sage. + +{{{ show the slide with outline }}} + +In this tutorial we shall quickly look at a few examples of the areas +(name the areas, here) in which Sage can be used and how it can be +used. + +{{{ show the slide with Calculus outline }}} + +Let us begin with Calculus. We shall be looking at limits, +differentiation, integration, and Taylor polynomial. + +{{{ show sage notebook }}} + +We have our Sage notebook running. In case, you don't have it running, +start is using the command, ``sage --notebook``. + +To find the limit of the function x*sin(1/x), at x=0, we say:: + + lim(x*sin(1/x), x=0) + +We get the limit to be 0, as expected. + +It is also possible to the limit at a point from one direction. For +example, let us find the limit of 1/x at x=0, when approaching from +the positive side.:: + + lim(1/x, x=0, dir='above') + +To find the limit from the negative side, we say,:: + + lim(1/x, x=0, dir='above') + +Let us now see how to differentiate, using Sage. We shall find the +differential of the expression ``exp(sin(x^2))/x`` w.r.t ``x``. We +shall first define the expression, and then use the ``diff`` function +to obtain the differential of the expression.:: + + var('x') + f = exp(sin(x^2))/x + + diff(f, x) + +We can also obtain the partial differentiation of an expression w.r.t +one of the variables. Let us differentiate the expression +``exp(sin(y - x^2))/x`` w.r.t x and y.:: + + var('x y') + f = exp(sin(y - x^2))/x + + diff(f, x) + + diff(f, y) + +Now, let us look at integration. We shall use the expression obtained +from the differentiation that we did before, ``diff(f, y)`` --- +``e^(sin(-x^2 + y))*cos(-x^2 + y)/x``. The ``integrate`` command is +used to obtain the integral of an expression or function.:: + + integrate(e^(sin(-x^2 + y))*cos(-x^2 + y)/x, y) + +We get back the correct expression. The minus sign being inside or +outside the ``sin`` function doesn't change much. + +Now, let us find the value of the integral between the limits 0 and +pi/2. :: + + integral(e^(sin(-x^2 + y))*cos(-x^2 + y)/x, y, 0, pi/2) + +Let us now see how to obtain the Taylor expansion of an expression +using sage. Let us obtain the Taylor expansion of ``(x + 1)^n`` up to +degree 4 about 0.:: + + var('x n') + taylor((x+1)^n, x, 0, 4) + +This brings us to the end of the features of Sage for Calculus, that +we will be looking at. For more, look at the Calculus quick-ref from +the Sage Wiki. + +Next let us move on to Matrix Algebra. + +{{{ show the equation on the slides }}} + +Let us begin with solving the equation ``Ax = v``, where A is the +matrix ``matrix([[1,2],[3,4]])`` and v is the vector +``vector([1,2])``. + +To solve the equation, ``Ax = v`` we simply say:: + + x = solve_right(A, v) + +To solve the equation, ``xA = v`` we simply say:: + + x = solve_left(A, v) + +The left and right here, denote the position of ``A``, relative to x. + + + +Now, let us look at Graph Theory in Sage. + +Graph: G = Graph({0:[1,2,3], 2:[4]}) +Directed Graph: DiGraph(dictionary) +Graph families: graphs. tab +Invariants: G.chromatic polynomial(), G.is planar() +Paths: G.shortest path() +Visualize: G.plot(), G.plot3d() +Automorphisms: G.automorphism group(), G1.is isomorphic(G2), G1.is subgraph(G2) + +Now let us look at bits and pieces of Number theory, combinatorics, +