diff -r 901b78003917 -r 01bb60f51398 getting-started-files.rst --- a/getting-started-files.rst Wed Oct 06 15:38:54 2010 +0530 +++ /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 @@ -1,147 +0,0 @@ -======== - Script -======== - -Welcome to the tutorial on getting started with files. - -{{{ Screen shows welcome slide }}} - -{{{ Show the outline for this tutorial }}} - -In this tutorial we shall learn to read files, and do some basic -actions on the file, like opening and reading a file, closing a -file, iterating through the file line-by-line, and appending the -lines of a file to a list. - -{{{ switch back to the terminal }}} - -As usual, we start IPython, using -:: - - ipython -pylab - -Let us first open the file, ``pendulum.txt`` present in -``/home/fossee/``. -:: - - f = open('/home/fossee/pendulum.txt') - -``f`` is called a file object. Let us type ``f`` on the terminal to -see what it is. -:: - - f - -The file object shows, the file which is open and the mode (read -or write) in which it is open. - -We shall first learn to read the whole file into a single -variable. Later, we shall look at reading it line-by-line. We use -the ``read`` method of ``f`` to read, all the contents of the file -into the variable ``pend``. -:: - - pend = f.read() - -Now, let us see what is in ``pend``, by typing -:: - - print pend - -We can see that ``pend`` has all the data of file. Type just ``pend`` -to see more explicitly, what it contains. -:: - - pend - -%%1%% Pause the video here and split the variable into a list, -``pend_list``, of the lines in the file and then resume the -video. Hint, use the tab command to see what methods the string -variable has. - -#[punch: should this even be put? add dependency to strings LO, -where we mention that strings have methods for manipulation. hint: -use splitlines()] -:: - - pend_list = pend.splitlines() - - pend_list - -Now, let us learn to read the file line-by-line. But, before that -we will have to close the file, since the file has already been -read till the end. -#[punch: should we mention file-pointer?] - -Let us close the file opened into f. -:: - - f.close() - -Let us again type ``f`` on the prompt to see what it shows. -:: - - f - -Notice, that it now says the file has been closed. It is a good -programming practice to close any file objects that we have -opened, after their job is done. - -Let us, now move on to reading files line-by-line. - -%%1%% Pause the video here and re-open the file ``pendulum.txt`` -with ``f`` as the file object, and then resume the video. - -We just use the up arrow until we reach the open command and issue -it again. -:: - - f = open('/home/fossee/pendulum.txt') - -Now, to read the file line-by-line, we iterate over the file -object line-by-line, using the ``for`` command. Let us iterate over -the file line-wise and print each of the lines. -:: - - for line in f: - print line - -As we already know, ``line`` is just a dummy variable, and not a -keyword. We could have used any other variable name, but ``line`` -seems meaningful enough. - -Instead of just printing the lines, let us append them to a list, -``line_list``. We first initialize an empty list, ``line_list``. -:: - - line_list = [ ] - -Let us then read the file line-by-line and then append each of the -lines, to the list. We could, as usual close the file using -``f.close`` and re-open it. But, this time, let's leave alone the -file object ``f`` and directly open the file within the for -statement. This will save us the trouble of closing the file, each -time we open it. - -for line in open('/home/fossee/pendulum.txt'): -line_list.append(line) - -Let us see what ``line_list`` contains. -:: - - line_list - -Notice that ``line_list`` is a list of the lines in the file, along -with the newline characters. If you noticed, ``pend_list`` did not -contain the newline characters, because the string ``pend`` was -split on the newline characters. - -{{{ show the summary slide }}} - -That brings us to the end of this tutorial. In this tutorial we -have learnt to open and close files, read the data in the files as -a whole, using the read command or reading it line by line by -iterating over the file object. - -Thank you! -