1 %hello.tex - First LaTeX document

     2 \documentclass[11pt,a4paper,twoside]{article}

     3 

     4 \usepackage{graphicx}

     5 \usepackage{listings}

     6 \usepackage{amsmath}

     7 

     8 \lstset{language=Python, showstringspaces=false}

     9 \bibliographystyle{plain}

    10 

    11 \title{LaTeX - A Two Hour Introduction}

    12 \author{The FOSSEE Team}

    13 \date{August 2009}

    14 

    15 

    16 \begin{document}

    17 \maketitle

    18 \tableofcontents

    19 \listoftables

    20 \listoffigures

    21 \begin{abstract}

    22 This is a sample document to be used in the STTP course for a quick introduction to \LaTeX

    23 \end{abstract}

    24 \section{Introduction}

    25 LaTeX is a typesetting program used to produce excellently typeset documents. It is extensively used for producing high quality scientific and mathematical documents. It may also be used for producing other kinds of documents, ranging from simple one page articles or letters 

    26 \section{Structural Elements}

    27 Let us now look at giving a better structure to our document. 

    28 \subsection{documentclass}

    29 The \verb+documentclass+ variable tells \LaTeX, the type of document we wish to prepare. 

    30 

    31 \subsection{Sections, Chapters and Parts}

    32 We shall first look at how to divide the document into Sections, Chapters and Parts. 

    33 

    34 \subsubsection{Appendices}

    35 I can't tell you how to add an appendix, in the main document. Refer Appendix \ref{append} to see how to do it. 

    36 

    37 \section{Text Typesetting}

    38 \begin{itemize}

    39 \item Now we move onto some elementary \emph{Text Typesetting}.

    40 

    41 \item How do we get \emph{emphasized or italic text}?

    42 

    43 \item \emph{Did you wonder what happens when we try \emph{emphasizing text} within \emph{emphasized text}}?

    44 

    45 \item ``Beautiful is better than ugly.''

    46 

    47 \item `In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.'

    48 

    49 \item LaTeX has 4 different types of dashes. The names of these dashes are: `-' hyphen, `--' en-dash, `---' em-dash and `$-$' minus sign. \footnote{We shall look at how to do math in a later section}

    50 

    51 \item \LaTeX has \verb+enumerate+, \verb+itemize+ and \verb+description+ commands to generate lists. 

    52 

    53 \end{itemize}

    54 

    55 \begin{flushleft}This is left flushed text. \LaTeX normally produces text with no white space at the end of the line. But, this text isn't so, if you can see.\end{flushleft}

    56 \begin{flushright}Similarly, Right-aligned Text here\end{flushright}

    57 \begin{center} and centered text here.\end{center}

    58 

    59 \begin{description}

    60   \item[Description] This list is a description list. 

    61   \item[Enumerate] Numbered lists are often useful.

    62     \begin{enumerate}

    63     \item First

    64     \item Second

    65     \item Third

    66     \item \ldots

    67     \end{enumerate}

    68   \item[Itemize] The list above this description list is an itemize list.

    69 \end{description}

    70 

    71 \subsection{Quotes \& Verbatim Text}

    72 Since the \emph{Zen of Python} instructs that, 

    73 \begin{quote}

    74 Readability counts.

    75 \end{quote}

    76 we use the \verb+quote+ environment to include quotes. 

    77 

    78 \begin{verbatim}

    79 def signum( r ):

    80     """returns 0 if r is zero

    81     -1 if r is negative

    82     +1 if r is positive"""

    83     if r < 0:

    84         return -1

    85     elif r > 0:

    86         return 1

    87     else:

    88         return 0

    89 \end{verbatim}

    90 

    91 \section{Tables \& Figures}

    92 

    93 \begin{table}[h]

    94 \caption{A simple table, on making tables}

    95 \centering

    96 \begin{tabular}{|c|c|}

    97   \hline

    98   \verb+l+ & left justified column content\\ 

    99   \hline

   100   \verb+r+ & right justified column content\\ 

   101   \hline

   102   \verb+c+ & centered column content\\ 

   103   \hline

   104   \verb+*{n}{col}+ & produces \verb+n+ columns with the\\

   105                    & \verb+col+ type of formatting\\

   106   \cline{2-2}

   107                    &\verb+*{3}{c}+ is the same as \verb+{c c c}+ \\

   108   \hline

   109   \verb+|+ & produces a vertical line\\ 

   110   \hline

   111 \end{tabular}

   112 \end{table}

   113 

   114 \begin{figure}

   115 \centering

   116 \caption[CTAN Lion]{CTAN lion drawing by Duane Bibby; thanks to www.ctan.org}

   117 \label{fig:lion}

   118 \includegraphics[scale=0.8, angle=30]{lion_orig.png}

   119 \end{figure}

   120 

   121 List of Tables and List of figures can be autogenerated suigng the \verb+\listoftables+ and \verb+\listoffigures+ commands. Let's insert them after the table of contents. 

   122 

   123 Cross referencing is one of the best features of \LaTeX. The CTAN lion has the figure number \ref{fig:lion} and is on page number \pageref{fig:lion}

   124 

   125 It was drawn by Duane Bibby, a well-known commercial artist. He used this lion in the illustrations for Donald Knuth's original TeXbook\cite{Knuth84}, for Leslie Lamport's LaTeX book\cite{Lamport94}, and for other books having to do with TeX, so his work is familiar to everyone in the community. 

   126 

   127 %% \begin{thebibliography}{99}

   128 %%   \bibitem{Knuth84} Donald E. Knuth (1984). \emph{The TeXbook} (Computers and Typesetting, Volume A). Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-13448-9.

   129   

   130 %%   \bibitem{Lamport94} Lamport, Leslie (1994). \emph{LaTeX: A document preparation system: User's guide and reference}.

   131 %%      illustrations by Duane Bibby (2nd ed.). Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Professional. 

   132 %% \end{thebibliography}

   133 

   134 \section{Typesetting Math}

   135 The equation $F=m \cdot a$ is an equation, that has been set inline. 

   136 Equation \eqref{force} is the same equation typeset in the display style. Note, that it is also numbered. 

   137 \begin{equation}

   138 \label{force}

   139 F=m\cdot a

   140 %%\tag{Fore-acceleration}

   141 \end{equation}

   142 More equations --- vertically aligned. 

   143 

   144 \begin{align}

   145 \alpha^2 + \beta^2 &= \gamma^2 \\

   146 \sum_{i=1}^ni &= \frac{n(n+1)}{2}\\

   147 \sqrt{-1} &= \pm1 \nonumber \\

   148 y &= \frac{r_1^2-r_3^2-x^2+(x-i)^2+j^2}{2j} \nonumber \\

   149   &= \frac{r_1^2-r_3^2+i^2+j^2}{2j}-\frac{i}{j}x \\

   150 \end{align}

   151 

   152 \begin{equation*}

   153 s(t) = \left\{

   154  \begin{array}{rl}

   155    0 & \text{if } t \le 0\\

   156    1 & \text{if } t > 0

   157  \end{array} \right.

   158 \end{equation*}

   159 

   160 \begin{equation*}

   161 \mathbf{X} = \left(

   162  \begin{array}{ccc}

   163  a_1 & a_2 & \ldots \\

   164  b_1 & b_2 & \ldots \\

   165  \vdots & \vdots & \ddots

   166  \end{array} \right)

   167 \end{equation*}

   168 

   169 \begin{equation}

   170   \begin{matrix}

   171   1 & 2 \\

   172   3 & 4

   173   \end{matrix} \qquad \& \qquad 

   174   \begin{bmatrix}

   175   1 & 2 & 3 \\

   176   4 & 5 & 6 \\

   177   7 & 8 & 9

   178   \end{bmatrix}

   179 \end{equation}

   180 

   181 \section{Miscellaneous}

   182 \subsection{Presentations}

   183 \subsection{Including Code}

   184 \begin{lstlisting}

   185 string="Hello, World! "

   186 for i in range(10):

   187     print string*i

   188 \end{lstlisting} 

   189 \subsection{Including files}

   190 \input{final-include}

   191 

   192 \bibliography{final}

   193 

   194 \appendix

   195 \section{Appendices - How to}

   196 \label{append}

   197 Every Part, Chapter or Section that follows the \verb+\appendix+ command is included in the appendix. Appendices have auto numbering too. The numbering begins freshly in the appendices. 

   198 

   199 \end{document}